PGT- Computer Science

Computer Systems and Organisation

▪ Basic Computer Organisation: Introduction to computer system, hardware, software,

input device, output device, CPU, memory (primary, cache and secondary), units of
memory (Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB)
▪ Types of software: system software (operating systems, system utilities, device drivers),
programming tools and language translators (assembler, compiler & interpreter),
application software
▪ Operating system (OS): functions of operating system, OS user interface
▪ Boolean logic: NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, truth table, De Morgan’s laws and
logic
circuits
▪ Number system: Binary, Octal, Decimal and Hexadecimal number system; conversion
between number systems.
▪ Encoding schemes: ASCII, ISCII and UNICODE (UTF8, UTF32)

Computational Thinking and Programming

▪ Introduction to problem solving: Steps for problem solving (analysing the problem,
developing an algorithm, coding, testing and debugging). representation of algorithms
using flow chart and pseudo code, decomposition
▪ Familiarization with the basics of Python programming: Introduction to Python,
features of Python, executing a simple "hello world" program, execution modes:
interactive mode and script mode, Python character set, Python tokens (keyword,
identifier, literal, operator, punctuator), variables, concept of l-value and r-value, use
of comments
▪ Knowledge of data types: number (integer, floating point, complex), boolean, sequence
(string, list, tuple), none, mapping (dictionary), mutable and immutable data types
▪ Operators: arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, assignment
operator, augmented assignment operators, identity operators (is, is not), membership
operators (in, notin)
▪ Expressions, statement, type conversion & input/output: precedence of operators,
expression, evaluation of expression, python statement, type conversion (explicit &
implicit conversion), accepting data as input from the console and displaying output
▪ Errors: syntax errors, logical errors, runtime errors
▪ Flow of control: introduction, use of indentation, sequential flow, conditional and
iterative flow control
▪ Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else, flowcharts, simple programs: e.g.:
absolute value, sort 3 numbers and divisibility of a number
▪ Iterative statements: for loop, range function, while loop, flowcharts, break and
continue statements, nested loops, suggested programs: generating pattern,
summation of series, finding the factorial of a positive number etc
▪ Strings: introduction, indexing, string operations (concatenation, repetition, membership
& slicing), traversing a string using loops, built-in functions: len(), capitalize(), title(),
lower(), upper(), count(), find(), index(), endswith(), startswith(), isalnum(), isalpha(),
isdigit(), islower(), isupper(), isspace(), lstrip(), rstrip(), strip(), replace(), join(),
partition(), split()

▪ Lists: introduction, indexing, list operations (concatenation, repetition, membership &

 slicing), traversing a list using loops, built-in functions: len(), list(), append(), extend(),
insert(), count(), index(), remove(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum();
nested lists, suggested programs: finding the maximum, minimum, mean of numeric
values stored in a list; linearsearch on list of numbers and counting the frequency of
elements in a list
▪ Tuples: introduction, indexing, tuple operations (concatenation, repetition,
membership & slicing), built-in functions: len(), tuple(), count(), index(), sorted(),
min(), max(), sum(); tuple assignment, nested tuple, suggested programs: finding the
minimum, maximum, mean of values stored in a tuple; linear search on a tuple of
numbers, counting the frequency of elements in a tuple
▪ Dictionary: introduction, accessing items in a dictionary using keys, mutability of
dictionary (adding a new item, modifying an existing item), traversing a dictionary,
built-in functions: len(), dict(), keys(), values(), items(), get(), update(), del(), clear(),
fromkeys(), copy(), pop(), popitem(), setdefault(), max(), min(), count(), sorted(),
copy(); suggested programs : count the number of times a character appears in a given
string using a dictionary, create a dictionary with names of employees, their salary and
access them
▪ Introduction to Python modules: Importing module using 'import ' and using from
statement, Importing math module (pi, e, sqrt, ceil, floor, pow, fabs, sin, cos, tan);
random module (random, randint, randrange), statistics module (mean, median,mode)

Society, Law and Ethics

▪ Digital Footprints
▪ Digital society and Netizen: net etiquettes, communication etiquettes, social media
etiquettes
▪ Data protection: Intellectual Property Right (copyright, patent, trademark), violation of
IPR (plagiarism, copyright infringement, trademark infringement), open source
softwares and licensing (Creative Commons, GPL and Apache)
▪ Cyber-crime: definition, hacking, eavesdropping, phishing and fraud emails,
ransomware, preventing cyber crime
▪ Cyber safety: safely browsing the web, identity protection, confidentiality, cyber trolls
and bullying.
▪ Safely accessing web sites: malware, viruses, trojans, adware
▪ E-waste management: proper disposal of used electronic gadgets
▪ Indian Information Technology Act (IT Act)
▪ Technology & Society: Gender and disability issues while teaching and using computers

Computational Thinking and Programming – 2

▪ Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user

defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default
parameters, positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution,
scope of a variable (global scope, local scope)
▪ Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute
paths
▪ Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file,
opening a file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and
writelines(), reading from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and
tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file
▪ Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb,
wb+, ab, ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method,
 read, write/create, search, append and update operations in a binary file
▪ CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using
csv.writerow() and read from a csv file using csv.reader( )

Computer Networks
▪ Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking
(ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)
▪ Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data
communication (sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols),
measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP
address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching)
▪ Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable,
Fiber- optic cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)
▪ Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router,
Gateway, WIFI card).
▪ Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN),
networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)
▪ Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP,
wireless/mobile communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL
▪ Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible
Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web
hosting.
Database Management
▪ Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need
▪ Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys
(candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
▪ Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data
Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not
null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show databases, drop
database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an
attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select, operators
(mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in,
between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete
command, aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause,
joins: cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join
▪ Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing
insert, update, delete queries using cursor, display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(),
rowcount, creating database connectivity applications.
Introduction to Computer System
▪ Introduction to computers and computing: evolution of computing devices,
components of acomputer system and their interconnections, Input/Output devices.
▪ Computer Memory: Units of memory, types of memory – primary and
secondary, data deletion, its recovery and related security concerns. Software:
purpose and types – system and application software, generic and specific purpose
software.
Introduction to Python
▪ Basics of Python programming, Python interpreter - interactive and script mode, the
structureof a program, indentation, identifiers, keywords, constants, variables, types of
operators, precedence of operators, data types, mutable and immutable data types,
statements, expressions, evaluation of expressions, comments, input and output
 statements, data type conversion, debugging, control statements: if-else, for loop Lists:
list operations - creating, initializing, traversing and manipulating lists, list methods
and built-in functions.: len(), list(), append(), extend(), insert(), count(), find(),
remove(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum()
▪ Dictionary: concept of key-value pair, creating, initializing, traversing, updating and
deleting elements, dictionary methods and built-in functions: len(), dict(), keys(),
values(), items(), get(),update(), clear(), del()
Database concepts and the Structured Query Language

▪ Database Concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its need, Database

Management System. Relational data model: concept of attribute, domain, tuple,
relation, candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key.
▪ Advantages of using Structured Query Language, Data Definition Language, Data Query
Language and Data Manipulation Language, Introduction to MySQL, creating a
database using MySQL, Data Types
▪ Definition Commands: CREATE TABLE
▪ Data Query Commands: SELECT-FROM- WHERE
▪ Data Manipulation Commands: INSERT

Emerging Trends

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Immersive

experience (AR, VR), Robotics, Big data and its characteristics, Internet of Things (IoT),
Sensors, Smart cities, Cloud Computing and Cloud Services (SaaS, IaaS, PaaS); Grid
Computing, Block chain technology.

Data Handling using Pandas

▪ Introduction to Python libraries- Pandas, Matplotlib.
▪ Data structures in Pandas - Series and Data Frames.
▪ Series: Creation of Series from – ndarray, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical
operations; Head and Tail functions; Selection, Indexing and Slicing.
▪ Data Frames: creation - from dictionary of Series, list of dictionaries, Text/CSV files;
display; iteration; Operations on rows and columns: add, select, delete, rename; Head
and Tail functions; Indexing using Labels, Boolean Indexing;
▪ Importing/Exporting Data between CSV files and Data Frames.
▪ Data Visualization Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving following types of plots
using Matplotlib – line plot, bar graph, histogram Customizing plots: adding label, title,
and legend in plots.
Database Query using SQL
▪ Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().
▪ Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING
()/SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM
().
▪ Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY
(), DAYNAME ().
▪ Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*).
▪ Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.
Introduction to Computer Networks

▪ Introduction to networks, Types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN.

▪ Network Devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway
▪ Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh.
▪ Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW, and its applications- Web, email, Chat, VoIP.
▪ Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic
web page, web server and hosting of a website.
▪ Web Browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons
and plug- ins, cookies.
Societal Impacts
▪ Digital footprint, net and communication etiquettes, data protection, intellectual
property rights (IPR), plagiarism, licensing and copyright, free and open-source
software (FOSS), cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyber bullying,
overview of Indian IT Act.
▪ E-waste: hazards and management.
▪ Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology.