Design of Welded Joints

S.A. Sabari Rajan

[email protected]
Weld Symbol
Weld Joints and Representations
Strength of weld Joints
Due to external load acting on the components on
different types of welded joints below are the
reactions in the weld volume which needs to be
P
considered
P
1. Normal Stress (tensile or Compression) = 𝜎
2. Shear stress = 𝜏
DETAIL - A 3. Mb = Bending moment
4. Mt = Twisting Moment

Finding the thickness of the weld

𝑡
h t P = External Load 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45° =
ℎ
𝜃 l h = Size of weld
h t = Thickness of the weld 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛45° 𝑥 ℎ
l = Length of the weld
𝑡 = 0.707𝑥ℎ
DETAIL – A
3D Representation
Strength of weld Joints

P
h t
P 𝜃 l
h
DETAIL – A
3D Representation

Tensile Strength Area of the Weld is nothing but

𝑃 = 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑥 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 thickness multiplied by length of
the weld, That is t x l
𝑃 = 𝜎𝑡 . 𝑡 . 𝑙
𝑃 = 𝜎𝑡. 0.707ℎ. 𝑙
Loading and Position of the weld
Transverse Weld Parallel Weld

P P

P P
Combination of
Parallel and
𝑃 = 0.707. ℎ. 𝑙. 𝜎𝑡 Transverse Weld 𝑃 = 2 𝑥 0.707. ℎ. 𝑙. 𝜎𝑡

l2

l1 P

P l2

𝑃 = 0.707. ℎ. 𝑙1. 𝜎𝑡 + (1.414. ℎ. 𝑙2. 𝜎𝑡)

Lap joint subjected to eccentric transverse loading
First load due to External load P, Plate 2 tends to move downwards, That
gives direct shear stress on the weld volume
Direct Shear Stress − 𝜏1
E 𝑃 𝑃
𝜏1 = 𝜏=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑡 𝑥 𝑙1 + 2𝑙2
l1
C.G
First load due to External load P, Plate 2 tends to rotate w.r.t C.G Point,
l2 because of that Torsional shear stress act on the weld volume
Plate 2 P
Torsional Shear Stress - 𝜏2
We know that torsional moment equation is
Plate 1 T τ 𝑇𝑥𝑟 𝑃𝑥𝐸𝑥𝑟 (𝑇 = 𝑃 𝑥 𝐸)
= 𝜏= 𝜏2 =
J 𝑟 𝐽 𝐽
What is the radius “r” for lap Weld? So we are getting, Direct shear stress and Torsional Shear stress on the weld
volume, in this case, we know, we need to calculate Resultant shear stress
Resultant Shear Stress
r

C.G
𝜏= 𝜏12 + 𝜏22 + 2𝜏1𝜏2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

The farthest distance between C.G to Weld reach can be taken as

Radius “r”
Example calculation
What is the Weld size? For the given condition
Maximum Permissible Shear Stress = 140Mpa (Electrode E35 steel S275)
Step-1: Find the direct Shear Stress
150
𝑃 P = External Load = 10,000Kg = 98.07KN = 98.07 x 10^3N
E 𝜏1 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑡 𝑥 𝑙
𝐴
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.707ℎ 𝑥 𝑙
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.707ℎ 𝑥 (100 + 50 + 50)
100
C.G 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 141.4. ℎ 𝑚𝑚2

98.07 𝑥 103 693.56

50
P = 10000Kg 𝜏1 = 𝜏1 = N/mm^2
141.4. ℎ ℎ
Step-2: Find the torsional Shear Stress
𝑃𝑥𝐸𝑥𝑟
𝜏2 =
𝐽
From the equation, Unknown values are
E = Distance between C.G to Loading Point
r = Farthest distance between C.G to Weld Volume
J = Polar Moment of Inertia
 Step-2.1: Find the value of “x”
150 In PSG Design Data book, Page number 11.5 we can find the Bending moment, and
Twisting about centroidal axis(Polar Moment of Inertia) for all type of weld joints (as
E a Outline)
x

a
r
100 o 𝜃 b
C.G

502
Ny = x 𝑥= 𝑥 = 12.5𝑚𝑚
50 2𝑥50 + 100
P = 10000Kg

Step-2.2: Find the value of “r”

𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = 12.5, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑏 = 37.5

𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤, 𝑎𝑏 = 50 (ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 2 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)
Step-2.3: Find the value of “J”
𝐼𝑓 𝑜𝑏 = 37.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑏 = 50, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑎 = 𝑜𝑏 2 + 𝑎𝑏 2
𝐽 = 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝑜𝑎 = 37.52 + 502 𝑟 = 𝑜𝑎 = 62.5𝑚𝑚

𝑜𝑏 37.5
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0.6
𝑜𝑎 62.5

Step-2.3: Find the value of “E”

𝐸 = 150 + 50 − 12.5 𝐸 = 187.5𝑚𝑚

The formula to be multiplied by “t”, Because design data book

consider the weld as a line t=0.707h
Step-2 : Find torsional Shear Stress
𝑃𝑥𝐸𝑥𝑟
𝜏2 =
𝐽
98.07 𝑥 103 𝑥187.5𝑥62.5
𝜏2 =
272.4𝑥103 . ℎ
4219
𝜏2 =
ℎ

Step-3 : Find Resultant Stress

𝜏= 𝜏12 + 𝜏22 + 2𝜏1𝜏2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

2 2
693.56 4219 693.56 4219
𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = + + 2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥0.6
ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ

𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 140𝑀𝑝𝑎

ℎ = 33.6 𝑠𝑎𝑦 34𝑚𝑚

Stresses on the Weld Volume
Weld Capacity w.r.t Loading
Source : https://roymech.org/Useful_Tables/Form/Weld_strength.html
Thank You
S.A. Sabari Rajan
[email protected]