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TCC Part 2

PART 2

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17 views

TCC Part 2

PART 2

Uploaded by

Prince Joshua Bumanglag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION – Part 2

ANOMIE THEORY

 focused on the sociological point of the positivist schol.


 the absence of NORMS in the society provides a setting conducive to
crimes and other anti-social acts.

The prison medical in England(during the first decade of 21 st Century)

The person who accepted Lombroso’s idea that body physique determines
the behavior of man was Charles Buckman Goring.

CHARLES BUCKMAN GORING

 contradicted Lombroso’s idea that criminal character can be seen


thre features alone.
 accepted that criminals are physically inferior to normal individuals
in the sense that criminals tend to be shorter and have less weight
than non-criminals.

EARNEST HOOTON

Reexamined Goring’ work and found out that:

 tall thin men tend to commit forgery and fraud


 undersized men are thieves and burglars
 short heavy person commit assault, rape and other sex crimes
 men with mediocre physique struggle around among other crimes
 contented that criminals are originally inferior
 crime is the result of the impact of environment

Outcome #1
FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIME CAUSATION
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICA PSYCHIATRIC SOCIOLOGICAL
DETERMINIS L DETERMINISM DETERMINISM
M DETERMINISM
 most  psychologi  behavior of  all social
human cal a person is phenomen
traits are phenomen linked with a are
inherited a, psychologi determine
from including cal factors. d by
parents. behaviors, external
are  psychiatric factors
 human deermined (personalit such as
behavior by factors y) institutions
is outside of conditions or norms.
directly a person’s present in
controlle control. an  individual
d by an individual behaviors
person’s are at the are
genes or root of determine
some crime. d by
compone societal
nt of events and
his/her other
physiolog interperso
y. nal
experience
s.

Outcome #2

BIOLOGICAL VS PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIME


CAUSATION
BIOLOGICAL THEORIES PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
 Atavism and “born criminal”  Psychoanalytic theory –
theory – Lombroso Sigmund Freud, Kate
 Somatotype theory – Friedlander
Kretschmer, Sheldon and  Psychodynamic theory –
Glueck Sigmund Freud
 XYY chromosome theory  Crime and personality theory –
 Biological inferiority Hans Eysenck
 Genetic theories  Behaviorist theory – B.F.
 Social Darwinism Skinner, Tarde
Outcome #3

SOCIOLOGICAL RESPECTIVES OF CRIME CAUSATION


SOCIAL LEARNING SOCIAL CONTROL SOCIAL STRUCTURE
THEORIES THEORIES THEORIES
 Bandura’s  Containment  Conflict theory –
theory Theory - Walter Max weber, Karl
 Operant Reckless Marx, Wilem
conditioning  Social Bond Bonger, Thorsten
 Maslow’s theory Theory – Travis Sellin
 DAT – Edwin Hirschi  Anomie – Emile
Sutherland Durkheim
 Strain theory –
Robert merton
 Social
Disorganization
Theory – Shaw
and McKay
 Status
Frustration
Theory – Albert
Cohen

BANDURA’S THEORY
Bandura (1977) believes humans are active information
processors and think about the relationship between their behavior and its
consequences.
Albert Bandura’s social learning theory suggests that people learn new
behaviors by observing and imitating others.

The theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning,


where individuals acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs by
watching the actions of others and the consequences that follow, leading
to the modeling and adoption of observed behaviors.

OPERANT CONDITIONING
Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental
conditioning, is a learning method that employs rewards and punishments
for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made
between a behavior and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for
that behavior.
MASLOW’S THEORY
Abraham Maslow first introduced the concept of a hierarchy of
needs in his 1943 paper, titled "A Theory of Human Motivation," and again
in his subsequent book, "Motivation and Personality." This hierarchy
suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving
on to other, more advanced needs.
While some of the existing schools of thought at the time—such
as psychoanalysis and behaviorism—tended to focus on problematic
behaviors, Maslow was more interested in learning about what makes
people happy and what they do to achieve that aim.

DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY


The differential association explanation of offending suggests that
through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes,
techniques, and motivation for criminal behavior.

CONTAINMENT THEORY
Containment theory is a form of control theory proposed by Walter
Reckless in the 1940s–1960s. The theory contends that a series of
external social factors and internal qualities effectively insulate certain
individuals from criminal involvement even when ecological variables
induce others to engage in crime. Although initially promising, the theory
was criticized by some criminologists for various weaknesses. However,
the theory has been subjected to very few empirical tests and therefore
the relative strengths of its various propositions have never been properly
established.

SOCIAL BOND THEORY


The Social Bond Theory, developed by Travis Hirschi, suggests that
individuals are less likely to engage in criminal activities when they have
strong attachments to family, school, and work, and are connected to
society

CONFLICT THEORY
Conflict theory in sociology posits that society is characterized by
various inequalities and conflicts that arise due to differences in power,
resources, and social status. It emphasizes the competition between
groups, often framing issues in terms of dominance and subordination.
This theory challenges the status quo and highlights social change driven
by these conflicts.
ANOMIE
Anomie theory, in sociology, refers to a state of normlessness,
disorder, or confusion in a society when standard norms and values are
weak or unclear. It is characterized by a lack of social or ethical standards,
which can lead to disconnection, deviance, and social instability among
individuals.

STRAIN THEORY
According to Merton’s strain theory, societal structures can pressure
individuals into committing crimes. Classic Strain Theory predicts that
deviance is likely to happen when there is a misalignment between the
“cultural goals” of a society (such as monetary wealth) and the
opportunities people have to obtain them.

SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY


Social disorganization is a theoretical perspective that explains
ecological differences in levels of crime based on structural and cultural
factors shaping the nature of the social order across communities. It refers
to the inability of a community to realize common goals and solve chronic
problems. According to the theory, poverty, residential mobility, ethnic
heterogeneity, and weak social networks decrease a neighborhood’s
capacity to control the behavior of people in public, and increase the
likelihood of crime.

STATUS FRUSTRATION THEORY


Status frustration theory, developed by Albert Cohen, explains
working-class male delinquency as a reaction to middle-class values of
success. Delinquent boys experience status frustration and create their
own delinquent subculture with values contrary to those of greater
society.

OPPORTUNITY SUBCULTURE CRITICAL


THEORIES THEORIES THEORIES
 Differential  Gang theory –  Power-Control
Opportunities Frederic Theory
Theory - Richard Thrasher
cloward and  Subculture of
Lloyd ohlin Violence Theory
 Routine – Franco
Activities Theory Ferracuti
– Cohen & Felson  “Sreet code”
theory – Elijah
Anderson

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