8

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 3
Parallelism and Perpendicularity
(Week 4-5)
About the Module

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about Parallelism and Perpendicularity. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

This module contains:

Lesson 1 – Parallelism and Perpendicularity

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• prove properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal; and

• determine the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel
or perpendicular.
 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Using the figure below, if l1||l2 and t is a transversal, then which of the following
are corresponding angles?
A. ∠4 and ∠6, ∠3 and ∠5
B. ∠1 and ∠7, ∠2 and ∠8
C. ∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠6
D. ∠4 and ∠5, ∠3 and ∠6

2. Lines m and n are parallel cut by a transversal t which is also perpendicular to

m and n. Which statement is not correct?
A. ∠1 and ∠6 are congruent.
B. ∠2 and ∠3 are supplementary.
C. ∠3 and ∠5 are congruent angles.
D. ∠1 and ∠4 form a linear pair.

3. Using the figure below, which of the following guarantees that m||n?
A. ∠1 ≅ ∠7
B. ∠3 ≅ ∠5
C. ∠4 ≅ ∠5
D. ∠4 ≅ ∠7

4. Using the figure below, if m||n and t is a transversal, which angles are
congruent to angle ∠5?
A. ∠1, ∠2 and ∠3
B. ∠1, ∠4 and ∠8
C. ∠1, ∠4 and ∠7
D. ∠1, ∠2 and ∠8

For numbers 5 – 8, use the figure below.

5. Lines a and b are parallel cut by a transversal m. If m∠1 = 850, what is the
measure of ∠5?
A. 800 C. 950
B. 850 D. 1000
6. What is then the measure of ∠2?
A. 800 C. 1000
B. 850 D. 950

7. What is the measure of ∠7?

A. 800 C. 850
B. 950 D. 1000

8. What is the measure of ∠4?

A. 800 C. 950
B. 850 D. 1000

9. Which among the given figures shows perpendicularity?

A. C.

B. D.

10. What does this symbol indicate?

A. The symbol indicates that it measures 1800.
B. The symbol means that the angle measures 900.
C. The symbol indicates an obtuse angle.
D. The symbol means it is an acute angle.
 Lesson
Parallelism and Perpendicularity
1
What I Need To Know
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
• prove properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal; and
• determine the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel or
perpendicular.

What’s In

We see parallel lines everywhere. Lines on a pad paper, railways, edges of a door
or window, fence, etc. suggest parallel lines.

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/grgvDhd95TdfmGoq6

What’s New

Two parallel lines when cut by a transversal form eight angles. This activity will
lead you to investigate the relationship between and among angles formed.
Measure the eight angles using your protractor and list all inferences or observations in
the activity.

m∠1=________
m∠2=________
m∠3=________
m∠4=________
m∠5=________
m∠6= ________
m∠7= ________
m∠8= ________
 What is It

Parallelism

1. Two lines are parallel if and only if they are coplanar and they do not intersect. (m||
n) t as transversal

2. A line that intersects two or more lines at different points is called a transversal.
a. The angles formed by the transversal with the two other lines are called:
• exterior angles (∠1, ∠2, ∠7 and ∠8)
• interior angles (∠3, ∠4, ∠5 and ∠6)

b. The pairs of angles formed by the transversal with the other two lines are
called:
• corresponding angles (∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠6, ∠3 and ∠7, ∠4 and ∠8)
• alternate-interior angles (∠3 and ∠6, ∠4 and ∠5)
• alternate-exterior angles (∠1 and ∠8, ∠2 and ∠7)
• interior angles on the same side of the transversal (∠3 and ∠5, ∠4 and ∠6)
• exterior angles on the same side of the transversal (∠1 and ∠7, ∠2 and ∠8)

3. If two lines are cut by a transversal, then the two lines are parallel if:
a. corresponding angles are congruent.
b. alternate-interior angles are congruent.
c. alternate-exterior angles are congruent.
d. interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.
e. exterior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.
Example:

Try to examine the given example and identify the different types of angles shown in the
illustration.

Corresponding Alternate Alternate Same Side Same Side

Angles Interior Angles Exterior Angles Interior Angles Exterior Angles
 What’s More

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

Study the figure and answer the following questions as accurate as you can. The
figure below shows a || b with t as transversal.

1. 2
pairs of corresponding angles __________ _________
2. 2
pairs of alternate interior angles __________ _________
3. 2
pairs of alternate exterior angles __________ _________
4. 2
pairs of interior angles on the same __________ _________
side of the transversal
5. 2 pairs of exterior angles on the same __________ _________
side of the transversal

II. Given m||n and s as transversal.

1. Name all the angles that are congruent to ∠1. _______________

2. Name all the angles that are supplement of ∠2. _______________

III. Find the value of x given that l1||l2.

1. m∠1 = 2x + 25 and m∠8 = x + 75 ________

2. m∠2 = 3x – 10 and m∠6 = 2x + 45 ________
3. m∠3 = 4v – 31 and m∠8 = 2x + 7 ________
 What I Need to Remember

Perpendicularity
Two lines that intersect to form right angles are said to be perpendicular.
This is not limited to lines only. Segments and rays can also be
perpendicular. A perpendicular bisector of a segment is a line or a ray or
another segment that is perpendicular to the segment and intersects the
segment at its midpoint. The distance between two parallel lines is the
perpendicular distance between one of the lines and any point on the other
line.

The small rectangle drawn in the corner indicates “right angle”. Whereas
⊥ is a symbol use to indicate perpendicularity of lines as in XZ ⊥ PY. To
prove that two lines are perpendicular, you must show that one of the
following theorems is true:

1. If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then they form four right
angles.
 2. If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines containing their
sides are perpendicular

3. If two angles are adjacent and complementary, the non-common sides

are perpendicular.

What I Can Do

Refer to the given figure and the given conditions in answering the succeeding questions.
Check YES if your answer is yes; otherwise, check NO.

Given:

MI ≅ IL
SE ≅ EL
m∠SEI = 900

1. Is ML ⊥ IS?
2. Is MS ⊥ SL?
3. Is SL ⊥ ML?
4. Are ∠MSI and ∠ISL complementary angles?
5. Are ∠MIS and ∠SIE complementary angle
 Assessment (Post Test)

Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Using the figure below, if m||n and t is a transversal, then which of the following
are corresponding angles?
A. ∠4 and ∠6, ∠3 and ∠5
B. ∠1 and ∠7, ∠2 and ∠8
C. ∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠6
D. ∠4 and ∠5, ∠3 and ∠6

2. Lines m and n are parallel cut by a transversal t which is also perpendicular to

m and n. Which statement is not correct?
A. ∠1 and ∠6 are congruent.
B. ∠2 and ∠3 are supplementary.
C. ∠3 and ∠5 are congruent angles.
D. ∠1 and ∠4 form a linear pair.

3. Using the figure below, which of the following guarantees that m||n?
A. ∠1 ≅ ∠7
B. ∠3 ≅ ∠5
C. ∠4 ≅ ∠5
D. ∠4 ≅ ∠7

4. Using the figure below, if m||n and t is a transversal, which angles are
congruent to angle ∠6?
A. ∠1, ∠2 and ∠3
B. ∠1, ∠4 and ∠8
C. ∠2, ∠3 and ∠7
D. ∠1, ∠2 and ∠8

For numbers 5-8, the figure below.

5. Lines a and b are parallel cut by a transversal m. If m∠1 = 880, that is the measure
of ∠4?
A. 800 C. 920
B. 880 D. 1020
6. What is then the measure of ∠5?
A. 880 C. 1080
B. 93 0 D. 930

7. What is the measure of ∠7?

A. 850 C. 880
B. 930 D. 920

8. What is the measure of ∠4?

A. 850 C. 880
B. 930 D. 920

9. Which among the given figures shows perpendicularity?

C. C.

D. D.

10. What does this symbol indicate?

A. The symbol indicates that it measures 1800.
B. The symbol means that the angle measures 900.
C. The symbol indicates an obtuse angle.
D. The symbol means it is an acute angle.
 What’s More
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
I.
1. ∠1 and ∠7, ∠3 and ∠6, ∠2 and ∠8, ∠4 and ∠5
2. ∠2 and ∠7, ∠4 and ∠6
3. ∠1 and ∠8, ∠3 and ∠5
4. ∠4 and ∠7, ∠2 and ∠6
5. ∠1 and ∠5, ∠3 and ∠8
II.
1. ∠5, ∠8, ∠4
2. ∠3, ∠6, ∠7
III.
1. 50
2. 55
3. 34
What I can do
1. Yes
2. Yes
3. No
4. Yes
5. No
is required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY
Answer Key
References:
Electronic Sources:
Transversal, accessed May 15, 2021
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/transversal

Parallel Lines – Definition, Properties and Example, accessed May 17, 2021
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/parallel-lines

Parallel Lines, accessed May 17, 2021

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/parallel-lines.html

Perpendicularity, accessed May 18, 2021

https://www.gdandtbasics.com/perpendicularity/

COVER PHOTO Retrieved 27th Jun 2020 from www.canva.com

Books:
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et al. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module, “Parallelism and
Perpendicularity”, Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat.
2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City. 2013

Padua, Alicia L., et.al. Our World of Math “Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal”, Vibal
Publishing House Inc.,1253 G. Araneta Ave., Quezon City, 2013

Images:
https://images.app.goo.gl/grgvDhd95TdfmGoq6

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

• Name
• Grade and Section
• Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission as agreed with your teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you.
4. Return them at the end of the school year.