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Lecture 04 FM1

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31 views

Lecture 04 FM1

Uploaded by

shanibhai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Buoyancy &

Floatation
Buoyant Force
 When a body is immersed
in a fluid, there is
tendency of fluid to exert
force on the submerged
body. This upward force is
same as weight of fluid
displaced by the body is
known as force of
buoyancy.
How to know if 1kg crown is pure gold or
mixed with silver?
Gold is
heavier
than
Archimedes Silver
Archimedes Principle
 When a body is immersed wholly or partially in a
fluid it is lifted up by a force equal to the weight of
fluid displaced by the body.
 Consider density of immersed body is ρ
 Downward gravitational force (W)
 Upward force of liquid (Buoyancy F B )

FB = W = m.g ρ=m/V ; m = ρ.(l.b.h)


FB= ρ.g(l.b.h)
Center of Buoyancy
It’s the point on the body, where the force of
buoyancy acts. It’s always the center of
gravity of displaced liquid.
Archimedes Principle Problem
Problem 4.1
Find the volume of the water displaced and the position of the center of buoyancy for a
wooden block of width 2.5 m, depth 1.5 m, and length 6.0 m when it floats horizontally in
water. The density of the wooden block is 650 kg/m³.

Hint: Use Archimedes


Principle!

Weight of water displaced =


weight of object
Archimedes Principle Problem
Problem 4.4
A body of dimensions 1.5 m × 1.0 m × 2.0 m weighs 1962 N in water. Find its weight in air.
What will be its specific gravity?

Hint: Weight of water displaced = weight in air


Archimedes Principle Problem
Meta-Centre
When a body is floating in liquid, is a
given a small angular displacement, it
starts oscillating about a point, that
point is meta- centre.
Meta-centric Height
It’s a distance between the centre of gravity (G) of
floating body and the meta-centre (M). The
distance GM is called meta-centric height.
Equilibrium of Submerged Bodies
 The stability of submerged body is determined by
the location of G, B and M.
 There are also three types of equilibrium of
submerged body as follow:
 Stable Equilibrium
 Unstable Equilibrium
 Neutral Equilibrium
(a) Stable condition:
 M is above G (B is acting above G)
 For totally i mme rse d body the G and B is fixed, the stability of
submerged body ca n be determined by the locations of G and
B.
 Imagine a balloon completely submerged in air.
 W h e re W is weight of the balloon
 F B is the buoyancy force
 For equilibrium F B =W
(b)Unstable Condition:
 M is below G (B is acting below G)
If the balloon is given smaller angular displacement ѳ
In clockwise direction, then W and FB produce a couple
acting in same direction of displacement (clockwise) so
that body does not return to its original position and
body is said to be in unstable equilibrium.
(c) Neutral Equilibrium:
 G and B are at sa m e point

 If the balloon is given small angular displacement in


any direction, there is no couple produced, since W
and FB is acting at a sa m e point and body is said to
be in neutral equilibrium
Determination Of The Meta-Centric Height
(Experimental Method)
 The meta-centric height of a floating vessel can
be determined if the angle of tilt Ѳ caused by
moving a load P placed over the centre of the
floating body.
 Where :
 W = total weight of floating body(weight of body
+ weight of load P)
 G = C.G. of floating body
 B = Centre of buoyancy of the body
Read Sec 4.6 from Bansal Book!
𝑙𝑙 = 𝑟𝑟Θ
𝑙𝑙 = 𝑟𝑟Θ
Archimedes Principle
Problem 4.7
A rectangular pontoon is 5 m long, 3 m wide, and 1.20 m high. The depth of
immersion of the pontoon is 0.80 m in seawater. If the center of gravity is 0.6
m above the bottom of the pontoon, determine the meta-centric height. The
density for seawater is 1025 kg/m3.

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