eHAPT

6
Average

INTRODUCTION of individual student, we usually talk about their average

age. The average or mean or arithmetic nean of a number
Whenever we are asked the marks we scored in any exami of quantities of the same kind is equal totheir sum divided
nation, we usually tell the marks in terms of percentage, by the number of those quantities. For example, the average
that is, taking the percentage of total marks of all subjects. of 3,9,11, 15, 18, 19 and 23 is
This percentage is called average percentage. Also, in a 3+9+11+15+18+19+23 98
-= 14,
class. if there are 100 students, instead of knowing the age 7 7

sOME BASIC FORMULAE

llustration 2 The average marks obtained by 200
Sum of quantities students in a certain examination is 45. Find the total marks.
1. Average =
Number of quantities
Solution: Total marks
2. Sum of quantities = Average x Number of quantities
=Average marks x Number of students
Sum of quantities
3. Number of quantities = =200x 45 =900.
Average
lustration 3 Total temperature for the month of
-illustration 1 A man purchased 5 toys at 200 each, September is 840°C. If the average temperature.of that
6toys at 250 each and 9 toys at 300 each. Calculate the month is 28°C, find out the number of days is the month of
average cost of 1toy. September.

Solution: Price of 5toys = 200x5 =1000 Solution: Number of days in the month of September
Price of 6toys = 250 x 6=1500 Total temperature 840
Price of 9toys = 300 ×9 =2700 Average temperature 28
Total number of toys = 5+6 +9=20
1000+ 1500 + 2700 =30 days.
Average price ofltoy = 20
5200
=7260.
20
 1.74 PART I Arithmetic

SHORTCUT METHODS SOME USEFUL SHORTCUT METHODS

Average of two or more groups taken together.

(a) If the number of llustration 4 The average weight of 24 students ng
quantitics in two
and n, and their average is x and y, groups be 1|
section A of a class 58 Kg, whercas the
average weight oF
26 students of section B of the same class is
the combinedaverage (average of all respectively,
of them put
60.5 Kg. Find
out average weight of all the 50 students of the class.
together) is
Solution: Here, n, = 24, n, = 26, x =58, and y= 60.5.
n, + n, .. Average weight of all the 50 students

Explanation 1,x+n,y
Number of
quantities in the first group = n
n +n,
Their average =X 24 x58+26x60.5
.. Sum=n, X1 24+ 26
Number of quantities in the secondgroup 1392 + 1573 2965
Their average = =1, S0
= 59.3 Kg
.. Sum=n, X)
llustration 5 Average salary of all the 50
Number of quantities in the including 5 oficers of a company is 7850. If theemployees
Total sum (sum of quantitiescombined group=, +n.
of the first group and the salary of the officers is 2500, find the average salaryaverage
second group) = n,X+ n,. of the
remaining staff of the company.
.:. Average of the two
gTOups Solution: Here, n, = 50, n, = 5, x=850andy= 2500.
.:. Average salary of the remaining staff
1, t n,
50 x 850 -5x2500
n, - n, 50-5
(b) If the average of n, quantities is x, and the aver
age of n, quantities out of them is y, the average 42500 -12500 30000
of theremaining group (rest of the quantities) is 45 45

=667 (approx.)
n -n,
Ifx is the average of x,, x,, ..., x,, then
Explanation (a) The average of x, + a, x, + a, ..., x, +a is x + a.
Number of quantities = n (b) The average of x, -a, x, - a, ... x a 1sx - a.
Their average =X (c) The average of ax,, axy, ..., ax, is ax, provided
.. Sum=n, X a#0.
Number of quantities taken out n, (d) The average of 1 2 is provided
Their average =y a#0. a a a

:. Sum =ny
Sum of remaining quantities = n,x- n,y lustration 6 The average value of six numbers 7, 12,
Number of remaining quantities = n -n, I7, 24, 26 and 28 is 19. If8 is
added to each number, what
will be the new average?
.". Average of the remaining group =
=r+a
Solution: The new average = 19+ 8=27.
 Chapter6 Average 1.75

llustration 7 The average of x numbers is 5x. 1fx -2 Solution: The teacher'sage

from each given number, what will bethe new
issubtracted =n(y-x) +y
average?
=30(10-9) + 100 =40 years.
Solution: The neW average=T+a
= Sx- (r- 2) = 4+2. n+1
(a) The average of first n natural numbers is
llustration 8 The average of 8 numbers is 21, If each 2
n is
ofthe numbers multiplied by 8, find the average of a new (b) The average of square of natural numbers till
set of numbers.
(n+1)(2n +1)
Solution: The average of a new set of numbers
6
(c) The average of cubes of natural numbers till n is
= at = 8x21= 168
n(n +1)²
4
The average of n quantities is equal to x. If one of
(d) The average of odd numbers from 1 to n is
the given quantities whose value is p, is replaced by
last odd number +1
a new quantity having value q, the average becomes
2
V, then q =p+n(y - x).
(e) The average of even numbers from 1 to n is
last even number+2
-llustration 9 The average weight of 25 persons 2
is increased by 2 Kg when one of them whose weight is
60 Kg, is replaced by a new person. What is the weight of
the new person? llustration 12 Find the average of first 81 natural
numbers.
Solution: The weight of the new person
Solution: The required average
=p+ n(y-x)
n+1 81+1
=60 + 25(2) = 110 Kg. =41.
2 2

(a) The average of nquantities is equal tox. When a bo liustration 13 What is the average of squares of the
quantity is removed, the average becomes y. The natural numbers from 1to 41?
value oftheremoved quantity is nx- y) +y.
(b) The average ofnquantities is equal to y. When Solution: The required average
aquantity is added the average becomes y. The (n+1)(2n +1)_(41+1)(2 x41+1)
value of the new quantity is n(y- x)+y. 6 6

42 x 83 3486
= 581.
llustration 10 The average age of 24 students and 6 6
the class teacher is 16 years. If the class teacher's age is
excluded, the average age reduces by lyear. What is the age |llustration 14 Find the average of cubes of natural
of the class teacher? numbers from I to 27.

Solution: The age of class teacher Solution: The required average

= n(x- y) +y n(n+1) 27x(27 +1)
4 4
=25(16 - 15)+ 15 = 40 years.
27x 28x 28 21168
= 5292.
|llustration 11 The averageage
class is 9years. If the teacher's
age of 30 children in a
be included, the average
4

age becomes 10 years, Find the teacher's age.

1.76 PART I Arithmetic

Illustration 15 What is the average of odd numbers = averageof middle two numbers
from 1to 40?
= average of 27 and 29
Solution: The nequired average
27+29
last odd number +l -= 28.
39+1
= 20.
|llustration 19 Find the average of first 31 consecutivye
lustration
from 1to 81?
16 What is the average of even
numbers ne
Solution: The required average =(n+ 1)=31+1=32.
Solution: The required average
last even number+2
80 +2 |llustration 20 Find the average of first 50 consecutive
2 = 41, odd numbers.
2

(a) If n is odd: The Solution: The required average =n=50.

average of n consecutive
numbers, consecutive even numbers lustration 21 Find the average of squares of first 19
secutive odd numbers is always the ormiddle
con
consecutive even numbers.
number.
(b) If n is even: The
average of n Solution: The required average = 2(n+1)(2n +l)
numbers, consecutive even numbers orconsecutive 3
tive odd numbers is always the consecu
middle two numbers. average of the 2(19+1)(2 x19+1)
3
(c) The average of first n
is (n + 1).
consecutive even numbers 2x 20x39
3
(d) The average of first n
consecutive odd numbers 1560
IS n. = 520.
(e) The average of squares of first n 3
consecutive even
numbers is 2(n+1)(2n+1) |llustration 22 Find the average of squares of consecu
3 tive even numbers from 1to 25.
() The average of squares of consecutive even num
Solution: The required average
bers tillnis (n+1)(n+ 2)
3 (n+1)(n+ 2) (25+1)(25 +2)
(g) The average of squares of consecutive odd num 3 3

bers till n is n(n+2) 26x27 702

-=234.
3
(h) If the average of n consecutive numbers is m, then
the difference between the smallest and the larg llustration 23 Find the average of squares of consecu
tive odd numbers from 1 to 31.
est number is 2(n - 1).
Solution: The required average
|llustration 17 Find the average of 7consecutive num n(n+2) 31x(31+2)
bers 3,4,5, 6, 7, 8,9. 3
Solution: The required average = middle number= 6. 31x33
= 341.
3
llustration 18 Find the average of consecutive odd
numbers 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35. llustration 24 If the average of 6 consecutive numbes
is 48, what is the difference between the smallest and tne
Solution: The required average largest number?

ox0stoaiittioth
 Chapter6 Average 1.77

requircddifierence . Average specd for the whole distance

Solution: The
=2(n - 1)= 2(6 - 1)= 10,
2x15x5 -7.5 Km/h.
15+5

Geometric Mean or Geometric Average. Geometric Ifa certain distance is covered at a speed
ofx Km/h
7 , IS denoted by at a spced ofy Km/h,
mean of x;, and the samcdistance is covercd
journey is
G.M.= N, X, X.-X,: the averagespced during the entire
in calculating averages of
useful 2xy |Kmh
Geomctric mean is xty
ratios: such as average population growth rate, average
and so on
nercentage increase
|llustration 28 If half of the journey is travelled at
a speed of
lustration 25 The production of a company for a speed of 15 Km/h and the remaining half at
.h sucoessive years has increased by 10%,
20% and 12Km/h, find out average speed during the entire journey
of
ADG. respectively. What is the average annual increase Solution: The average speed
production?
2x15x12
Solution: Geometric mean of x, yand z = (rXyxz)", 15+12
40)"%=20%
..Average increase =(10x 20x 360 1
=13-Km/h.
3
27
lustration 26 The population of a city in two succes
Gie vears increases at the rates of 16% and 4%, Tespectively. llustation 29 Aman goes to a certain place at a speed
Find out the average increase in two years. of 30 Km/h and returns to the original place at a speed of
20 Km/h, find out his average speed during this up and
Sotution: In case of population increase, the geometric
down journey.
mean is required.
..Geometric mean of 16% and 4% is Solution: The average speed
= (16 x4)"%, i.e., 8% 2x30x20 1200
30 + 20 50

Harmonic Mean or Harmonic Average. Harmonic = 24 Km/h.

mean of x,, Xy, ...,x, is denoted by
Ifa person or a motor car covers three equal distances
H.M. = at the speed ofx Km/h, y Km/h and z Km/h, respec
4...+ tively, then for the entire journey average speed of
n X,
3xzy
Harmonic mean is useful in finding out average speed the person or motor car is
y+ yz + zx
Knvh.
of avehicle, average production per day and, so on.
lustration 30 A train covers the first 160 Km at a
IUstration 27 A man runs 1 Km at a speed of 15 Km/h 140 Km/h and the
Km/h. Find out speed of 120 Km/h, another 160 Km at
lother 1Km he walks at aspeed of 5 last 160 Kms at 80 Km/h. Find out average speed of the
his average speed in covering 2 Km. train for the entire journey.
remains
Solution: Harmonic mean is used when distance
y is Solution: Average speed =
3xyz
Constant and speed varies. Harmonic mean of x and xy + yz+ zx
2
2xy 3x120 x140 x 80
x
x+y 120 x 140 + 140x 80 + 80 >x120
 1.78 PARTI Arithmetic

360 x140 xS0 4032000

16800 411200 +900 37600 |llustration 32 A person covers the first
3 4 of the
= 107} distancc at 8 Km/h, the next at 6 Km/h and
47 Kmh. 5 the remain
ing distance at 15 Km/h. Find the average speed
durino
I1a person covers A Km at a entire journey.
at a specdofy Km/h and speed ofx Km/,B Km Solution: Theaverage speed
CKm at a speed ofz
the average spced
during the entire journey is Km/h,
1
A+ B+C
B Km/h. 1/4,3/5,3/20
8
+
6 15

llustration 31 A
person
Here, A=-,B=
4'5 Eand C=1-|*
3 Kmh, 25Km at a speed of 5 covers 9 Km at a speed of
of 10 Km/h. Find out Km/h and 30 Km a speed 3200
average speed for the entireatjourney. 1 1
+
1 452
=7
113
Km/h.
32 10 100

Solution: The average speed A+ B+C

lllustration 33 A train covers 50% of the journey at
A BC 30 Km/h, 25% of the
at 20 Km/h. Find the journey 25 Km/h and the remaining
z
at
entire journey.
average speed of the train during the
9+25+30 Solution: The average speed
25 30
+
10
64 100 100
5 Km/h. A B 50 25 25
11 11 +
30 25 20
Ifa person covers Ath part of the
Bth part of the distance at y Km/hdistance [Here, A = 50, B = 25 and C= 25]
at x Km/h,
and the remaining 100
Cth part at z Km/h, then the 1200 2s2s
the entire journey is average speed during 47/12 Km/h.l
47 47

A B C Km/h.
+
y

EXERCISES
The daily earnings of a taxidriver new
T60, T65, 70, Z52. 50, Z63, T73 andduring a week are: 2.
The average of 10 numbers is 7. What will be the
68. What is his ayerage if each of the numbers is multiplied by
average daily earning for the week?
(a) 74.50 (a) 45 (b). 52
(b) *s4.50 (d) 55
(c) T64.50 (d) 84.50 (c) 56
 Chapter 6 Average 1.79

Theaverage
weight of 5 persons, sitting in a boat, is (a) 24 ycars (b) 25years
3. average weight of the boat and the per-
38 Kg. If the the boat is 52 Kg, (c) 20 ycars (d) 28 years
sons sitting
in what is thc weight of
the boat? TI. The average of 7 numbers is 5. If the average of first
(a) 228 Kg (b) 122 Kg six of thcse numbers is 4. the seventh number is:
(d) 242 Kg (a) 14 (b) 12
(c) 232 Kg
(c) 1| (d) 15
There are 35 studcnts in a hostel. lf the number of
students increased by 7, the expenses of the mess T2. Thrcc ycars ago, the average age of a family of
Were increased by 42 per day while the average 5 members was 27 years. On addition of a child to the
expenditure per head decreased by 1. Find out the lamily, the present average age of the family is still
actual expenditure of the nmess. 27 years. Find out the present age of the child.
(a) 480 (b) 7440 (a) 16ycars (b) 12 years
(c) S20 (d) 420 (c) 24 years (d) 20 years
13. The average weight of 10 students is increased by
s The daily maxImum temperature in Delhi, for 7 con
half a Kg when one of the students weighing 50 Kg is
secutive days in May 1988, were 42.7°C, 44.6°C, replaced by a newstudent. Find out the weight of the
42.0°C. 39.1°C,43.0°C, 42.5°C and 38.5°C. Find out
new student.
the average daily maximum temperature.
(a) 42.63° C (b) 45.65° C (a) 55 Kg (b) 60 Kg
(c) 41.77° C (d) 39.60° C (c) 45 Kg (d) 40 Kg

6. The average salary per head of all the workers in a

14. The average monthly salary of a staff of 9 persons is
workshop is 850. If the average salary per head of T2450. One member of the staff whose monthly salary
is 2650 is transferred. Find out the average salary of
7technicians is 1000 andthe average salary per head
of the rest is 780, find out the total number of work the remaining 8persons of the staf.
(a) 2425 (b) 2625
ers in the workshop. (c) 3025 (d) 2825
(a) 26 (b) 24
(c) 28 (d) 22 15. The mean marks of 10 boys in aclass is 70%, whereas
the mean marks of 15 girls is 60%. The mean marks
7. An aeroplane travels 2500 Km, 1200Km and 500 Km of all the 25 students is:
at 500Km/h, 400 Km, and 250 Km/h, respectively. (a) 64% (b) 60%
The average speed is: (c) 55% (d) 52%
(a) 420 Km/h (b) 410 Km/h
(c) 405 Km/h (d) S75 Km/h 16. The average income of Afor 15 days is70. The aver
age for first five days is T60 and that for the last nine
8. In an examination, out of 20 students in a cBass, in
days is 80. A's income for the sixth day is:
Mathematics 2 students scored 100 marks, 3 students (a) 80 (b) 60
scored 0, and average marks for rest of the students (c) R40 (d) 30
was 40. What is the average mark of the whole class?
(a) 40marks (b) 35 marks 17 The average of five consecutive even numbers starting
(c) 32 marks (d) 45 marks with 4, is:
(a) 6 (b) 7
. The average weight of 24 students in section A of (c) 8 (d) 7.5
aclass is 58 Kg, whereas the average weight oI Z0
Students in section B of the same class is 60.5 Kg. 18. Three years ago the average age of a family of
Find out the average weight of all the 50 students of 5 members was 17 years. With the birth of a new
the class. baby, the average remains the same three even today.
(a) 57.4 Kg (b) 59.3 Kg Find out the age of the baby.
(c) 58.9 Kg (d) 59.7 Kg (a) Iyear (b) 3 years
10,
The average? age of 5 members is 21 years. Ifthe age of (c) 22 years (d) 2 years
he youngest member be 5years, find out the average
age ofthe family at the birth of the youngest member.
1,80 PART IArithmetic

19. The average of 17 numbers is 10,9. If the aver family saves 5330 throughout year, find the
age of first nine numbers is 10.5 and that of the last monthly income of the family for that year. average
9 numbers is 11.4, the middle number is: (a)3800 (b) 3500
(a) 11.8 (b) 11.4 (c) 3400 (d) R4200
(c) 10,9 (d) 11.7
28. The average age of 8 men is increased by 2 yearg
20. A batsman has a certain average of
runs for 12 When 2 of them, whose ages are 20 years and 24
innings. In the 13th innings, he scores 96 runs and years respectively, are replaced by 2 women. What is
thereby increasing his average by Sruns. What is his the average age of these two women?
average after the 13th innings? (a) 36 years
(a) 48 (b) 30 years
(b) 64 (c) 40 years (d) 42 years
(c) 36 (d) 72
21. A batsman in his 17th 29. The average of 50 numbers is 38. If two numbers 45
innings, makes a score of and 55 are discarded, the average of the remaining set
85 runs, and thereby, increases his
What is his average after the 17thaverage by He
3 runs. of numbers is:
never been 'not out'. innings? had (a) 38.5 (b) 37.5
(a) 47 (c) 37.0 (d) 36.5
(b) 37
(c) 39 (d) 43 30. The average speed of a train running at a speed of
22. The sum of three numbers is 98. If 30 Km/h during the first 100 kilometres, at 40Kmh
the ratio between
first and second be 2:3 and between second and during the second 100 kilometres and at 50Km/h dur
third ing the last 100 kilometres is nearly:
be 5:8, then the second number is:
(a) 38.5 Km/h (b) 38.3 Km/h
(a) 30 (b) 20
(c) 58 (c) 40.0 Km/h (d) 39.2 Km/h
(d) 48
23. 31. The average of 6 observations is 12. A new seventh
The average weight of 8 sailors in a boat is increased
by 1Kgif one of them weighing 56 Kg is replaced by observation is included and the new average is
a new sailor. The weight of the new sailor is: decreased by 1. The seventh observation is:
(a) 1 (b) 3
(a) 57 Kg (b) 60 Kg (c) 5
(c) 64 Kg (d) 6
(d) 62 Kg
32. The average age of 20 boys in the class is 15.6 years.
24. A number, x, equals 80% of the average of 5, 7, 14
Five new boys join and the new average becomes
and a number y. If the average of x and y is 26, then 15.56 years. What was the average age of the five new
value of yis: boys?
(a) 13 (b) 26 (a) 15.5 (b) 15.4
(c) 39 (d) None of these (c) 15.25 (d) 15.3
25. The average age of A, B, C, D five years ag0 was 33. The average weight of 3 men A, B andC is 84 Kg.
45 years. By including x, the present average age of Another man, D, joins the group, and the average
all the five is 49 years. The present age ofx is: weight becomes 80 Kg. If another man, E, whose
(a) 64 years (b) 48years weight is 3Kg more than that of D, replaces A, then
(c) 45 years (d) 40years average weight of B, C, Dand Ebecomes 79 Kg. The
26. Itrained as much on Wednesday as on allthe others weight ofA is:
days of the week combined. If the average rainfall for (a) 70 Kg (b) 72 Kg
the whole week was 3 cm, then much did it rain on (c) 75 Kg (d) 80 Kg
Wednesday? 34 There was one mess for 30 boarders in a certat
(a) 2.625 cm (b) 3cm hostel. On the number of boarders being increased
(c) 10.5 cm (d) 15 cm by 10, the expenses of the mess were increased 0y
{40 per mnonthwhile the average expenditure per heau
27. The average monthlyexpenditure of a family for the diminished by 2. Find out actual monthly expenses.
first four months is 2750, for the next three months
(a) 390 (b) 410
is 2940, and for the last five months 3130. If the (c) 360 (d) 7480
 Chapter 6 Average 1.81

36. 0f the three numbers, the first is twice the second and (a) 4 (b) 2
the second is thrice the third. If the average of the (c) 8 (d) 6
three numbers is 10, the numbers arc:
44. Average temperature of first 4 days of a week is
(a) 18, 3.9 (b) 9,3, 18 38.6°C and that of the last 4 days is 40.3°C. If the
(c) 3.9, 18 (d) 18,9, 3
average temperature of the week be 39.1°C, the tem
i6. The average weight of 36 students is 50 Kg. It was perature on 4th day is.
found later that the figure of 37 Kg was misread as (a) 36.7°C (b) 38.6°C
73Kg. What is the correctaverage? (c) 39.8°C (d) 41.9°C
(a) 49 Kg (b) S1 Kg
(c) S0.S Kg
45. The average daily wages ofA, B andCis 120. If B
(d) None of these carns 40more than Cper day and A earns double of
37. The average earning ofa mechanic for the first four what Cearns per day, the wages of Aper day is
davs of aweek is 18 and for the last four days is 22. (a) 80 (b) 120
If he carns 20 on the fourth day, his average carning (c) 160 (d). 100
for the whole week is: 46. With an average speed of 40 Km/h, a train reaches its
(a) 18.95 (b) 16
(d) 25.71 destination on time. If it goes with an average speed
(c) 20
of 35 Km/h, it reaches late by 15 minutes. The total
38. The average of marks obtained by 120 candidates was Journey is:
35.1f the average of marks of passed candidates was (a) 30 Km (b) 40 Km
39 andthat of failed candidates was 15, the number of (c) 70 Km (d) 80Km
candidates who passed the examination is: 47. In a competitive examination, the average marks
(a) 100 (b) 110
obtained was 45.It was later discovered that there was
(c) 120 (d) 150 Some error in computerization and the marks of 90
39. In a class, there are 20 boys whore average age is candidates had to be changed from 80 to 50, and the
decreased by 2 months, when one boy aged 18 years average came down to 40 marks. The total number of
in replaced by a new boy. The age of the new boy is: candidates appeared in the examination is:
(a) 14 years and 8 months (b) 15 years (a) 520 (b) 550
(c) 16 years 4 months (d) 17 years 10 months (c) 540 (d) 525
40. The average temperature from Monday to Thursday is 48. Visitors to a show were charged15.00 each on the
48°C and from Tuesday to Friday is 52°C. If the tem first day, 7.50 on the second, 2.50 on the third day.
perature on Monday is 42°C, what was it on Friday? Visitors total attendance for three days were in the
(a) 52°C (b) S5C ratio 2:5:13. Find out the average charge per visitor
(c) 58°C (d) S1°C for the entre show.
(a) 77 (b) 5
41. A man spends on an average 269.47 for the first
(c) 79 (d) 11
7months and281.05 for the next 5 months. Find
out hismonthly salary if he saved 308.46 during the 49. The mean daily profit made by a shopkeeper, in a
year. month of 30 days, was 350. If the mean profit for the
(a) 400 (b) 500 first 15 days was 275, then the mean profit for the
(c)300 (d) 600 last 15 days would be:
(a) 200 (b) 275
42. Ihe average of two numbers is 62. If 2 is added to (c) 350 (d) 425
the smaller number. the ratio between the numbers
becomes l:2. The smaller number is: 50. Aman whose bowling average is 12.4,takes 5wickets
(a) 60 (b) 30 for 26 runs and, thereby, decreases his average by 0.4.
(c) 84 (d) 40 The number of wickets, taken by him, before his last
match is:
*3. In a coconut grove, (x +2) trees yield 60nuts per year, (a) 85 (b) 78
xtrees yield 120 nuts per year, and (x - 2) trees yield (c) 72 (d) 64
l80 nuts per year. If the average yield per year per ree
be 100, find the value of x.
1.82 PARTI Arithmetic

S1. Out of three numbers,thefirst is twice the

Is half of the third. 1f the average of the sccond and 50. The average salary of 20 workers in an office
is S6. the thrce
(a) 48, 96, 24
numbers in order are:
three numbers ner month. If the manager's salary is added, the a
age becomes 2000 per month. The
cis190%
(c) 96, 24, 48 (b) 48, 24, 96 (in ) is: manager's salary
(d) 96, 48, 24 (a) 24000 (b) 25200
There were 35 students in a (c) 45600
hostel. If the (d) None of these
of students
increases by 7. the expenses of thenumber
57. The average age of students of a class is 15.8 years
increase by 42 per day while the mess
per hcad by 1. Find average expenditure The average age of boys in the class is 16.4 years and
ture of thediminishes
mess.
the actual expendi that of the girls is 15.4 years. The ratio of number of
(a) T480 boys to the number of girls in the class is:
(c) S20 (b) 420
(a) 1:2 (b) 3:4
(d) 7460
$3. The average of S0 (c) 3:5 (d) 2:3
namely, 45 and 55 arenumbers
is 38. If two
of the remaining discarded, what is thenumbers,
average
58. The average expenditure of a man for the first fve
months 3600 and for next seven
(a) 37.5 numbers? 3900. If he saves 8700 during the year,months
it is
(b) 38.5 his average
(c) 39.5 income per month is:
(d) 36.5
34. In a cricket team of 11 (a) 4500 (b) 4200
boys, one player weighing
42 Kg is injured and replaced
(c) 74050 (d) 3750
by another player. If the 39. Of the
average weight of the team is increased by 100 gm
three nümbers, second is twice the first and is
as a result of this, then
what is the weight of the new also thrice the third. If the average of the
bers is 44, the largest number is: three num
player?
(a) 42.1 Kg (a) 24 (b) 36
(b) 45.1 Kg (c) 72
(c) 44.1 Kg (d) 43.1 Kg (d) 108
55. The average of these 60. The average age of a
consecutive numbers is n. If the committee of 8 members is
40years. Amember, aged 55 years,
next two consecutive numbers are also retired and he was
included, the replaced by a member aged 39 years. The average age
average of the five numbers will:
(a) remain the same. of the present comnmittee is:
(b) increase by 0.5. (a) 39 years
(c) increase by l. (d) increase by 1.5. (b) 38 years
(c) 36 years (d) 35 years

ANSWER KEYS
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5.(c) 6. (d) 7.(a) 8. (a) 9. (b)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 10. (c)
16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25.(c) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (c)
41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44.(d) 45.(c) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (b)
51. (b) 49. (d) 50. (a)
52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (c) 56. (d) 57. (d) 58.(a) 59. (c) 60. (b)

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS
1. (c) Total carning for 7 days (c) The average of 10 numbers =7
=(60+ 65 + 70 + 52.50 + 63 + 73 + 68) Total of 10 numbers =10x7=70
=7451.50 New total of 10 numbers after each of given
numbers is multiplied by 8 =70 x 8= 560
Average daily earning= 151.50 = 64.50. S60
.::New average = =56.
10
 Chapter 6 Average 1.83

(b) Average weight of 5persons

= 38 Ko Average weight of the students in thc class
3 persons
Total weight of these five 2965
Kg 59.3 Kg.
- 38 x $ = 190 S
Now, average weight of (the boat + 5 persons)
=52 Kg
10. (c) Total age of 5members = 2l x5= 105 ycars.
Totalage of 4 members at thc birth of the younger member,
. Total weight of (the boat + S persons)
that is, 5 years ago
=$2 x6=312 Kg = 105 - (5 × 5) = 80 ycars
Weight of the boat = 312 - 190 = 122 Kg.
Before the birth of the youngest member, the family con
4. (d) Let, the originalcxpenditure = sisted of only 4 members.
Average age of 4 members 5 years ago
Original average expenditure = 80
= 20years.
Xt42
New average expenditure =
42 11 (c) Sum of seven numbers =7%5=35
At42 Sum of first six numbers =6x4 =24
-=l’r= 420
42 Therefore, the seventh number =35 - 24 = 11.
.:. Original expenditure =420. 12. (b) Present average age of 5members
5. (c) Average daily maximum temperature = 27 +3=30 years
Sum of present age of 5 members
42.7 + 44.6 + 42.0 + 39.1+43.0 + 42.5+38.5 = 30 x 5 = 150years
Let, the present age of the child be x years.
292.4
-=41.77°C. Present average age of 6 members
7 150 + x
and this is equal to 27 years.
(d) Let, the total number of workers be x. 6

’ 850 xx=7x1000 + (r-7) x780 ’x=22. 150+ x = 27

So,
(a) The total time taken can be calculated as shown below: 6
or, x= 27 x6 - 150 or, x =12 years.
Distance Speed Time
13. (a) Weight of the new student
2500 Km 500 Km/h 5hrs = 50 + 10x 112 = 55 Kg.

400 Kmh 3 hrs 14. (a) Average salary of 9persons =2450

1200 Km
Total salary of 9 persons
500 Km 250 Km/h 2 hrs -2450 x9=2650
Total salary of the person who is transferred
Total 4200 Km 10 hrs -72650
Thus, the total salary of remaining 8 persons
4200 =22050-2650 =T19400
Average speed = = 420 Km/h
10 The average salary of the remaining 8 persons
8 (a) Marks scored by 2 students = 100x2 = 200 19400
=72425.
Marks scored by 3 students=3×0=0
Marks scored by 15 students = 15 x 40 = 600
15. (a)The mean marks of 10 boys = 70%
.. Marks scored by 20 students Total marks of 10 boys = 70% × 10=700%
= 200 +0+ 600=800
The mean marks of 15 girls = 60%
800 Total marks of 15 girls = 60% x 15 = 900%
..Average marks = 40.
20 ..Sum of the total marks of 25 students
=700 + 900 = 1600%
9. (b) Average weight of 24 students of section A= 58 Kg .. The mean marks of all the 25 students
lotal weight of 24 students of section A=58 × 24=1392 Kg
1600
Average weight of 26 students of section B = 60.5 Kg = 64%
lotal weight of 26 students of section B = 60.5 X 26 = 25

1573 Kg 16. (d) Income for 6th day in rupees

1oal weight of 50 students = (1392 + 1573) Kg = 2965 Kg = 15 x 70 - 5 x 60 -9 x 80 = 30.
 1.84 PARTI Arithmctic

I7. (e)The ive nvonsceutive numbeIs are 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 26. (c) Let, the rainfall on Wednesday be x
40 other 6 days, the total is also x. cm So that
Sinccaveragc rainfall for the wcck =3 cm
(d) rent nye of5 memhers .". x+x=3×70r, x =10.5 cm.
27. (c)Averagc monthly cxpenditure of 4 months
=72700
Prescnt agc of S members anda baby Total cxpcnditurc for 4 months =2700 x 4
-176 =102 vcars.
..Agc ofthe haby =(102 - 100) ycars. =|1000
= 2 yearS. Average monthly cxpcnditurc of 3 months
-2940
(a) Sum of first nine numbers + sumof last nine numbers Total expenditure for 3 months =2940 x s
=10,5 x94 ]14x9=21.9x9= 197.1
Henoc, the middle number =8820
= 197.1 -17x 10.9
Average monthly cxpenditure of 5 months
=3130
= ]97.1 - 185.3 =]1.8. Total expenditure of 5months =31020
20,
(c) To improve his average by 5
contribute
runs per innings he has to
12 x S= 60 runs for the Total expenditure in the whole =1560
year
Thus, the average after the 13th previous 12 innings. =11000 +8820 +15650
= 96 60 =36. innings =35470.
1. Saving during the whole year =*5330
(b) Averagc scorc before 17th Total income of the family during
=85 - 3 x 17 = 34 innings the year
=35470 +5330 =40800
.. Average score after .:. Average monthly income
=34 + 3 = 37. 17th innings during the year
40800
22 (a) Let. the =3400.
numbers be x. v andz. Then, 12
28. (b) Let, the average age of 8
x++:= 98, =and= .:. Sum of the ages of 8 men be xX years.
men = 84 years.
Now, according to the
3
and
age of (6 men + 2 women) condition of the question, averag
5 = (r+2) years.
2y .:. Sum of the ages of (6
So, 8y men + 2 women)
= 98 = 8(x + 2) = 8x + 16
3 years
Hence, it is clear that on replacing 2
49y of their ages men by 2 women, sum
or.
15
=98 OI, y=30. increased by 16 years.
Therefore, sum of the ages of two women
23. (c) The sailor =(20+ 24) + 16 = 60
weighing
56 Kg is ycars
is increased by 1Kg. Hence, the replaced and the average .. Average age of the 60
(56 + increase in total weight of the new sailor is women = =30 years.
=56+ 8= 64 Kg. weight) = 56+ 1x 8 29. (b)
2
Average of the remaining set of numbers
24. 50 x 38-(45 + 55) 1900 - 100
(c) Average of 5, 7, 14 and y= 5+7+14 + y =37.5.
4 S0 -2 48
30. (b) Time taken to cover first 100
Therefore, x =80% of 5+7+14 + y 80 . 26 +y kilometres
4 100 4 100
26+5 y 3 3-hrs
3
(1) Time taken to cover second 100 kilometres
Alsoty = 26 100
2
(2) 40 2 hrs
From, (1) and (2), we get 52 - y= 26 + y Time take to cover last 100 kilometres
’y=39.
25. (c) Present age of x 100
= 2hrs
=[(49 x S) -(4 x 45 + 4x 5)] years
50
= 45 years. 3+222
Total time taken =
 Chapter6 Average 1.85

40. (c) Temperaturc on Monday + Tuesday + Wedncsday +

Thursday = 4 x 48° = 192°
6 Temperaturc on Monday = 42°
Total distance covercd = 300Km :. Tucsday + Wednesday + Thursday
300 300x 6 = (192°- 42°) =150°
.:.Average specd - 38.3 Km/h.
47/6 47 Temperaturc on Tucsday + Wedncsday + Thursday + Friday
=4x 52° = 208°
(c) Scventh observation
11.
=7x11-6x 12=S. :. Friday's temperature = 208° - 150° = 58°.
41. (c) Total spending in 12 months
32. (b) Averagc age of the five new boys
=(25 x 1S.56 - 20x 15.6) + 5
-(269,47 x7+ 281.05 x 5]
= 15.4 vcars, =73291.54
Total income = spendings + savings
33. (c) Weight of D= (80 x4 - 84 x 3) Kg = 68 Kg =3291.54 +308.46
Weight of E=(68 +3) Kg =71 Kg =73600.00
(B+C+ D+ E)sweight = (79 x 4) Kg= 316 Kg
.B+C)'s weight = [316 -(68 + 71)] Kg :. Monthly salary= "3600 =300.
= 177 Kg 12
Hence, A's weight =[(84 x 3) - 177] Kg =75 Kg. 42. (d) Let, the numbers be x and y,x <y.
X+2 1
34. (c) Let, tr be the average expenditure for 30 boarders. Then, x +y= 124; ’y=2.+4.
30x +40= (r-2) x40 or, x= 12 y 2
Hence, actual expenditure = 12 x 30 =*360. Solving the above equations, we get
y= 84, x=40.
35. (d) Let, the numbers be 2x, x andd
43. (a (t2) x60+xx 120 +(r2) x 180 100
x+2+x+x-2
2x +x+* 9x+x
Then, average =
3 3-10’ 3x3
= 10 .. x=4.

44. (d) Let, temperature on the 4th day be x°C

10X-10,
9
or, X=9 .. 4 x 38.6 + 4 x 40.3 -x=7x39.1
or, =41.9
Hence, the numbers are 18.9 and3.
.:. Temperature on the 4th day = 41.9°C.
36. (a) Correct average 45. (c) Let, daily wages of C = x.
50x 36 -73+37 Then, daily wages of A = 2x
36 and, daily wages of B=x+40
1764 Hence, average daily wages of A, B and C
= 49 Kg.
36 x+2r+x+ 40 4x+ 40
3 3
37. (c) Total earning for the week 4x+40
=(4× 18+4x 22- 20) =140 = 120 or, 4x+ 40 =360
3
=20.
.Average carning ’ 4x=320 or, x= 80
.. Daily wages of A=2x 80 =160.
38. (a) Let, the number of candidates who passed = x. 15 5x l
Then, 39xx+ 15x(120- x)= 120 x 35 46. (c) or.
3540 60 35 x 40 4
.:. 24x = 4200 - 1800 35 x 40
Or, X= = 70
2400 5x4
Or, X =
24 .:. Total journey = 70 Km.
X= 100.
47. (c) Let, the number of candidates be x. Then, total marks
39 (a) Total decrease= (20 × 2) months obtained by all the candidates = 45x.
=3years 4months Marks reduced for 90 candidates = 30 x90= 2700
. Age of the newboy = 18years - 3 ycars 4 months Total reduced marks = 45.x - 2700.
= 14 years 8 months. 45x- 2700
Reduced average =
1,86 PART I Arithmetic

, 40 451-2700 55. (c) Lct, the numbers bc n- 1, n and n + 1.Their average

Or, 40x= 45x- 2700
The next two consccutive numbcrsare n +2and n +3
Sr =2700 or, x= S40. Thercforc, the average of the five numbers
4S. (b)Let, attendance on frst, sccond and third day be 2, 5 (n-)+ n +(n+1) +(n+2) +(n+3)
13, respcctivcly. and
Total number of visitors for three days =2 5n +5
Total amount of money collected +5+ 13 = 20 = n+1
=2x15+5x7.50 + 13x 2.50
= 30 + 37.5 + 32.5 = 100 56. (d) Total monthly salary of 21 persons
=(21x 2000) =742000
Average charge per person = 100 =5. Total monthly salary of 20 persons
20 =(20 x 1900)=38000
49. (d) Total profit for 30 days = 30 x
350 Monthly salary of the manager =4000
=10500 Annual salary of the manager =48000.
Proft for the first 15 days = 15 x 275
.:. Profit for the last 15 days =4125 57. (d) Let, the number of boys be x and the number of girl
=10500 4125 =6375 be y.
Average profit for the last 15 days = Sum of ages of boys = 16.4x
=425. Sum of ages of girls = 15.4y
15
0. (a) Let, the number of The average age of all the students
match =.
wickets taken before the last
16.4x +15.4y =15.8
12.4x + 26
Then. =X’ =85.
’ 16.4x + 15.4y =15.8x+ 15.8y
51. (b) Let, the numbers be 2x, x and 4x. or, 16.4x - 15.8x= 15.8y- 15.4y
or, 0.6x=0.4y
2x+ x+4x 7x
Average = 56. Or, 0.4
3
0.6
?Or x:y= 2:3.
3x56
=24.
58. (a) Total expenditure for the first five months
Hence, the numnbers in order are 48, 24 and 96. =5×3600 =18000
52. Total eXpenditure for thc next seven months
(b) Suppose, the average expenditure was x. =7x3900 =27300
Then, total expenditure = 35x.
When 7 more students join the mess, total Savings=78700
= 35x + 42
expenditure Total income during the year
= 18000 + 27300 + 8700
Now, the average expenditure =754000
54000
35x+ 42 35x + 42 Average income per mnonth = =74500.
12
35+7 42

Now, we have
35x + 42 59, (c) Let, the numbers be x, 2, x.
-=X-1
42
-. X=12 2
x+ 2.r +
Thus, the actual expenditure of the mass Average= 3 =44
3 9
= 35 x 1J2 =420.
44 X9
53. (a) Sum total of 50 numbers = 50× 38 = 1900 .. N= 36
11
Sum total of the remaining 48 numbers
So, the numbers are 36, 72and 24.
= 1900 - (45 + 55) = 1800
Hence, the largest one is 72.
1800
.". Average = =37.5. 60. (b) New average of the committee (in years)
48
54.
8x 40 -- 55 +39 320 -l6
(d) Average weight of 11 boys is increased by 100gm(=
0.1 Kg.)
.:. Their total increase in weight 304
=0.1 ×11=1.] Kg 8
Hence, the weight of the boy = 42 + 1.1 =43.1 Kg. = 38 years.