IELTS WRITING

一、雅思考试评分标准

1. Task Response 写作任务回应情况

字数够 Adequate words（250 + ）
主题明确 Clear thesis （不要跑题）
观点扣题，有相关论据充分支持和扩展
A fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant and well supported ideas

2. Coherence and Cohesion 连贯与衔接

句子有逻辑 Logically organized
衔接自然 Use cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention

3. Lexical Resource 词汇丰富程度

 准确性 Accuracy 词汇的第一要义是准确性
 灵活性 Flexibility 与用难词、偏词相比，灵活地使用词汇更加重要

4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法多样性及准确性

准确性 Accuracy 语法的第一要义也是准确性，一定要避免低级语法错误（非谓语动词）
灵活性和复杂度 Flexibility & Complexity
灵活地运用不同的句型

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二、雅思写作话题涉及范围
雅思写作话题涉及方方面面，往往是生活中常见的话题，建议多从生活常识上考虑作答，不要把过于专业
的学术背景和学术词汇带入作文中。

类别 常考内容
教育 学校教育内容/科目；公立/私立学校；课外补习利弊；学费；家庭教育
现代科技 智能机器；克隆技术/基因工程；互联网；远程教育等
政府与城市化 个人与政府；政府投资；城乡差距与城市化
人与自然环境 环保；垃圾处理；动物实验；交通问题等
媒体与广告 广告利弊；新闻与媒体；媒体审查制度等
社会现象与家庭 家庭关系；家庭主妇；老龄化问题等
犯罪与法律 青少年犯罪；犯罪预防与惩罚；警察带枪；
文化旅游全球化 语言文化等消亡；旧建筑保护与城建；国际援助/国际合作/国际旅游
运动与健康 禁止吸烟；现代社会压力；饮食习惯；体育锻炼等
抽象类 幸福；成功；平等；竞争与合作；社会观念；现在与未来

三、雅思写作题型
TASK 1 （小作文）
曲线图，柱状图，饼状图，表格，流程图，地图，混合图

TASK 2 （大作文）
1. argumentation 讨论类话题
Do you think the benefits outweigh the drawbacks? -----优缺点对比
Discuss both views and give your own opinion. ------- 讨论双方观点 + 给出自己观点
To what extent do you agree or disagree? ----- 针对某个观点发表评论

2. Report 报告类话题
Reason + solution ------原因 + 解决
Health experts claim that walking is the best exercise. However, people are walking less on a daily basis.
What has made it happen and how to deal with it?

Reason + effect -------- 原因 + 影响

In some countries around the world, men and women tend to have babies later in life. Why does this
happen ? What are the effects on society and family life ?

组合类
These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers go out to work. What
could be the reason for this? Do you think it is a positive or a negative development?

四、雅思写作备考基本原则
1. 大量练习：平时多练习写作，练习量保持 30 篇以上
2. 精读修改：根据作文评分标准对自己的文章进行精读修改
3. 文章语言：需要保持正式用语，尽量避免口语化词汇，避免缩写

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 比较利弊类作文

1.Do you think the benefits outweigh the drawbacks ?

2. Is it a positive or negative development?

一、审题

1.把握题目的核心话题
2.思考题目的限制条件
3.明确问题的利弊方面

例 1. Some students take one year off between finishing school and going to university in order to travel
or to work. Do you think the advantages outweigh disadvantages ?

例 2. School leavers go travelling or work for a period before they go directly to university. Are there
more advantages or disadvantages on their study?

二、开头段
开头段没有完全固定的写法。
即使使用模板，在语言的选择上也要根据题目进行适当的调整。
注意不要写得太长。（2-3 句话，30-50 词即可）

(1) Background 介绍背景

围绕核心话题展开，一般说现阶段 XX 成为趋势，XX 因为某些因素变得普及（nowadays）
又或者过去没有的，现在发生了变化（traditionally, in the past）
1.With the popularization of...
With the increasingly wide application of ...
With the advent of ...
2. XX has become a trend in some countries/ regions
XX is gaining popularity in some countries / regions
3.It is quite common/ ubiquitous that ...
4.Traditionally/ In the past few years, people used to ... However, this situation has changed, with ....

例：
People these days can buy various goods on the Internet. Do you think the benefits of online shopping
outweigh its drawbacks?

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介绍背景（不同版本）
版本 1: As a result of the popularization of online shopping, a large variety of goods are available for
purchase on the Internet.
版本 2： Online shopping is becoming increasingly popular among consumers of various age groups,
with the total sales soaring every year.
版本 3: Consumers can buy a large variety of goods such as foods, clothes and home appliances on
the Internet to meet their daily demand.
版本 4: Traditionally, consumers need to go to stores to buy goods, but today this has changed, with
more and more people choosing to do shopping online.

（2）Rewrite 转述题目
禁忌抄原题。雅思写作考试中，与原题相同的内容是不算字数的。
话题转述的方法
1. 同义词/ 近义词转换 being part of a big family = being members of a big family

2. 词性转换 Sth is important =

3. 句子结构变换
主动语态与被动语态的转换；
复杂句拆分成简单句，简单句合并为复杂句。

（3）Opinion 给出观点
As far as I am concerned/ From my perspective / In my opinion, this phenomenon has some benefits,
but I believe the drawbacks outweigh the benefits.
While this might bring about some disadvantages( for XX ) , I do think that the benefits are
overwhelming.
Although this phenomenon has some benefits, I am also concerned about its drawbacks.

课堂练习
In some countries, many people choose to educate their children at home by themselves instead of
sending them to school. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

开头段
____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
三、利弊类作文结尾段

结论段核心目的就是总结概括全文的主要思想，对题目和你的观点做一个总结
2-3 句话即可，30-50 词左右。

People these days can buy various goods on the Internet. Do you think the benefits of online
shopping outweigh its drawbacks?

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结尾段示例（强调好处更多）：
版本 1：To sum up, online shopping is expected to grow rapidly and continuously, as it represents the
selling-buying trend in the future. Although there are some weaknesses, they can be addressed with
some measures adopted.
版本 2： In conclusion, I believe that online shopping brings more benefits than drawbacks.
版本 3：Based on the points outlined above, I think this trend/practice has more benefits than
drawbacks.

结尾段示例（强调坏处更多）：
版本 1： To sum up, although many people embrace online shopping, I am very concerned about the
problems of this mode.
版本 2： In conclusion, although this phenomenon has some benefits, I am concerned it has detrimental
effects in the long term.
版本 3：Based on the points outlined above,...... can bring some benefits in some cases. However, this
trend should not be encouraged, considering the problems it causes to individuals and society.

结尾段示例（有好有坏）：
版本 1： In conclusion, online shopping has many benefits, and there are also some problems that need
to be tackled.
版本 2：To conclude, …. has many benefits, and the government should take active measures to
address the problems it causes.

练习 1
In some countries, children start school at the age of four instead of seven. Some people claim that this
has negative effects on the relationship between children and their parents. Do the advantages of this
practice outweigh its disadvantages?

开头段
Recently, some countries require children to start primary education at the age of four instead of seven,
and this new practice has sparked debate in society. While this approach has both advantages and
disadvantages, I believe that children starting school at four brings more benefits than the drawbacks.

结尾段
In conclusion, while it is true that starting school at the age of four may have some adverse effects on the
parent-child relationship, the advantages of early education, such as enhanced cognitive development
and improved socialization, outweigh these disadvantages.

真题练习
Some students take one year off between finishing school and going to university in order to
travel or to work. Do you think the advantages outweigh disadvantages ?

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开头段
It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after
graduating from high school. While this might bring about some disadvantages for students, I do think
that the benefits they can receive are overwhelming.
（1）分段，列框架
以倾向于优点大于缺点为例
开头段 —— 承认 take one year off 有缺点，但优点更明显
主体段 1 —— take one year off 的优点展开
主体段 2 ——让步承认，take one year off 也有缺点
结尾段 ——更倾向于优点比缺点多
【注意】要从自己的角度来回答问题，争议话题的优缺点都要涉及到。但是选择自己支持的一方，在语气
上有所侧重。尽可能平衡地论述。

（2）细节支持，想观点
主体段 1 —— 优点展开
主体段 2 ——让步承认，也有缺点

（3）写正文
主体段 1 —— 优点展开
The first benefit is that a young adult who take a gap year can have a broader view of life and hands-on
experience to draw on. This is especially beneficial for students who are uncertain about their academic
focus, because taking a year off offers a good chance for them to relax and explore different jobs before
deciding on the right course. By doing so, when students enter college, they will be better prepared and
gain a clearer sense of purpose. Another benefit is that experiencing a gap year enables students to
become more independent. During this time, they have to live away from the comfort of their home and
navigate life's challenges on their own. For example, they must learn to manage their finances, find
accommodation, and make important decisions regarding their daily activities. These real-world
experiences contribute to their personal and professional development in the university.

主体段 2 ——让步承认，也有缺点
However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at such an important age. Some students run the
risk of being lured to short-term financial rewards and become accustomed to their lifestyle.They may
think that it is better to continue in a job or to do something different from university courses. As a result,
it is quite possible that they will find it difficult to readapt to an academic environment and end up not
attending university at all. But overall, I think this is less likely today, because the job market is growing
increasingly competitive, and a college degree is a passport to many desirable jobs.

结尾段
In conclusion, my view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their knowledge and
experience of the world. Although taking one year off before going to university has some drawbacks, I
believe it has more benefits in the long term.

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课堂练习 2

More and more people no longer read newspapers or watch TV programs to get news. They get news
about the world through the internet. Is this a positive or negative development?

一边倒 让步一边倒
开头：选择 positive 开头：选择 positive
主体段 1：positive 理由 1 主体段 1：positive 理由 1
主体段 2：positive 理由 2 主体段 2：positive 理由 2
主体段 3：positive 理由 3 主体段 3：让步，提一个 negative 理由
结尾：重申立场 结尾：重申立场

People used to rely on newspapers and television to stay informed about current affairs, but now the
Internet has become an important source of news. In my opinion, there are multiple benefits of being
online readers over offline readers.

Firstly, online news sourcing has greater advantages in terms of the timeliness of the coverage. Those
who witness a news event can post the information online the first time and readers have easy access to
the news on their mobile phones. In comparison, it takes a longer time to get the news via the
newspaper and TV, as reporters need to be dispatched to the site and too much time is spent on writing,
printing, circulation and program production.

In addition to getting the news in a timely manner, web users can also engage in the discussion over the
news event. Through online platforms, individuals have more opportunities to follow the post , express
their opinions , and share their ideas. This fosters a dynamic exchange of perspectives and enhances the
overall understanding of news events, while in the traditional forms of media the readers have much less
degree of participation and interaction.

However, the truthfulness of the online news is a concern of the general public. Unlike newspapers and
TV, the Internet does not have rigorous censorship. The result is that, in some cases, the news turns out
to be fake after it is disseminated widely on the web. But this situation is improving, with effective
measures taken to combat spreading rumors on the Internet.

In conclusion, it is a positive development that people choose to get news on the Internet and this trend
is expected to continue in the future. Despite challenges related to authenticity, the timeliness, and
interactive nature of online news make it a preferred choice for many individuals.

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课堂练习 3
Many people use social media every day to get in touch with others and news events. Do you
think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Social media has become an integral part of the lives of most people, making it convenient for them
to connect with others and know about the current news. While it is true that social media platforms
have their drawbacks , I think this development brings more benefits than harm.

Social media serves as an unparalleled tool for people to stay in touch with others. Platforms like
Facebook ,Twitter, and Instagram enable people to keep updated on the lives of their friends,
families and co-workers, regardless of geographical distance. This connectivity promotes a sense
of community and belonging , enriching interpersonal relationships and reducing feelings of
isolation. By contrast, before the advent of social media, those who lived in different cities easily lost
contact.

Social media is also a crucial source of news, more timely and flexible than traditional forms of
media. Those who witness the news event can post it online immediately and readers have easy
access to the latest news via their mobile phones in real-time. In addition to that, web users can
also engage in the discussion about the news event by making their comments to follow the post.
This interactive nature of social media gives readers more opportunities to express their opinions
and share their ideas, with greater degree of participation and interaction.

However, it is essential to acknowledge the potential downsides of social media usage. One notable
concern is the proliferation of misinformation and fake news. With the rise of algorithm-driven
content, users may be exposed to biased or misleading information, leading to confusion and
polarization within society. Additionally, excessive use of social media can have detrimental effects
on people’s social skills, as individuals become more accustomed to online connections than
face-to-face communication. This can result in anxiety and depression in reality, particularly among
young people who are more susceptible to social comparison and cyberbullying.

In conclusion, despite the potential drawbacks, the advantages of using social media for
communication and information dissemination far outweigh the disadvantages.

课后作业
1. Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same
products anywhere in the world. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

2. New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do you think the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

3. Nowadays some older people choose to live in retirement communities with other people, rather than
living with their adult children. Is it a positive or negative development?

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 主体段逻辑与思路拓展
一、主体段的写作
1. 确定分论点的个数，每个分论点的篇幅可长可短，是否扩展取决于实际情况
2. 每个分论点有明确的中心意思
3. 灵活使用扩展方法

二、 行文逻辑与思路拓展
写作中常见的五种行文逻辑
1. 因果关系
2. 举例关系
3. 对比关系
4. 让步/转折关系
5. 假设关系

大作文 10 条拓展思路
金钱 环境 权利 科技 教育

文化 健康 责任 时间 情感

怎么写段落中心句
1. 直接回答题目问题或者直接改写题目观点
2. 明确给出某现象的好处/坏处
1. It is understandable why some people believe that .......
There are some reasons why some people argue that.....
People who are in favor of ....... do have a point.
2. One primary reason why ...... is that ......
Another contributing factor is that .....
One benefit/drawback of .... is .....

1. 因果关系
类型 单词 释义 说明
原因 because 因为...., 由于..... because of / because that
as / since 后面要跟从句，不能只跟一个名词
due to / owing to 后面只跟名词，不能跟从句
结果 therefore / thus 因此 用在句首和句中都可以
as a result 作为结果 用在句首比较多，后面用逗号
consequently 用在句中
so that 因此 用在句中
目的 in order to 为了 句首句中都可以，in order to do
thereby 以此达到.....目的 不能用在句首，在句中，后面加 V.ing

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The government should raise the public awareness of environment preservation, thereby promoting
sustainable development and creating a more livable environment.
政府应该提高公众的环境保护意识，以此来促进可持续发展并且创造一个更适合人类生存的环境。

2. 举例关系
（尽量是有普遍覆盖性的例子，至于个人经历，若有普遍性能让给读者产生共鸣也是 ok 的）
注意：举例不等于叙事文，只截取跟主题句相关、能有力论证主题句的部分。

单词 释义 说明
for example / for instance 比如..... 句首句中都可以
such as 例如 后面跟名词，不能用在句首
take...for example 以....为例 省略号里只能填名词，不能填句子
This point can be confirmed by 这 个 观 点 可 以 被 .... 后面跟名词
the example of..... 的例子支持。

举例展开
主题句： living together may cause tension between children and parents due to the generation gap and
different lifestyles.
支 持 句： For example, some young people stay up late at night, which conflicts with their parents’
timetables and affect their parents' rest. Parents and children may complain about each other and
quarrels may arise in the family.

3. 对比关系
(1) while / whereas ,用于主句和从句的对比
Old people generally like reading newspapers, while young people simply prefer getting news on the
internet.

(2) compared with /to A, B.....

Compared with traditional media, the internet offfers easy access to news in real time.

(3) Unlike A, B.....

Unlike physical books, e-books save space and are highly portable.

(4) In contrast / By contrast / In comparison, 用于句首

The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. By / In contrast, their
counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.
大城市的教育和医疗设施多数都很先进。相比之下，在乡村的对应设施多半质量较差。

Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by the government rather than private companies.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
主 题 句 TS- The government should implement research such as nuclear technology or military
intelligence because those activities are in the national interest and involve high levels of secrecy.
对 比 论 证 - By contrast, private businesses may compromise principles and leak research findings,
posing a severe threat to national security.

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4. 让步/ 转折关系
单词 释义 说明
despite /in spite of 尽管 后面跟名词或代词
nevertheless 尽管如此 后面跟完整的句子
even though 尽管 可替换 although，后面跟从句，表示对已经存在对情况的让步
even if 即使 后面跟从句，表示对还没有发生的状况的让步
however 然而 表示转折

5. 假设关系
单词 释义 说明
if 如果 后面的结果也可以是我们不希望看到的
Provided that 后面的结果一般是我们希望看到的

Provided that we can minimise the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.
如果我们可以尽可能减少实验动物的痛苦，那么动物实验应该继续。
(without....,....would....如果没有....将会...”也表示假设 )

分论点：One of the main benefits of maternity leave is that it allows women to have a good rest from
exhausting pregnancy and painful delivery, which enables them to recover well and regain good health
afterwards.
支 持 句 ： Without such a privilege, it is highly likely that some women would face long-term health
problems that may eventually affect their career and well-being.

论证套路
段落拓展方法： TS + 论证方法 1+ 论证方法 2 + 总结回应

论证套路法 1：中心句+ 解释原因+具体例子+总结回应 （演绎法）

论证套路法 1：中心句+具体例子+归纳原因+总结回应 （归纳法）

题目
Environmental problems cannot be solved by one or a few countries. Instead, they should be solved with
international effort. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

中心句 TS:小规模的环境问题，国内政府是有能力处理的。
解释原因：这是因为这些问题通常是由于缺乏监督和监管造成的，一旦这些国家的政策制定者出台相关法
律，就可以有效改善。
具体例子：在中国，过去很多河流被化工厂的废水污染，但在中央政府出台环保法，对污染厂家进行重罚
后，这个问题得到了解决。
总结回应：这种情况下，没必要要求其他国家卷入其中来解决这种小范围的环境问题。

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中心句 TS: As for small-scale environmental issues, domestic governments are capable of dealing with
them.
解释原因：This is because these problems are usually caused by the lack of surveillance and regulation,
and they can be improved effectively once policymakers in these countries introduce relevant laws.
具体例子 In China, many rivers used to be contaminated by waste water from chemical factories, but this
problem has been fundamentally solved after the central government launched environmental protection
laws , imposing substantial penalties on polluting manufacturers.
总结回应 In this case, it is unnecessary to call for the involvement of other countries.

论证套路法 2：中心句+ 正面具体化（解释\举例）+反面（假设跟我方对着干会有什么严重后果）+（回应）

题目
Environmental problems cannot be solved by one or a few countries. Instead, they should be solved with
international effort. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

中心句 TS:一些环境灾难应该以国际水平来应对，因为这些问题是复杂的，具有全球影响。
具体化：以全球变暖为例。它是由温室气体的排放造成的，地球上所有国家都是肇事者。为了缓解这一危
机，所有国家都应该参与进来，相互协调。
反面假设：如果只有少数国家采取行动减少碳足迹，而其他国家仍在肆意使用化石燃料，那么全球平均气
温的上升就不会停止，海平面会上升，这将严重威胁一些沿海城市。
总结回应：这种情况下，全球合作去解决这些世界性的问题是必要的。

中心句 TS: Some environmental catastrophes should be combated at the international level because
these problems are complex and globally influential.
具体化 Take global warming as an example. It is caused by the emissions of greenhouse gases, and all
countries on earth are perpetrators. To mitigate this crisis, all nations should get involved and coordinate
with each other.
反面假设 If only a few states take action to reduce/curtail their carbon footprint while others are still
using fossil fuels recklessly, the rise in the average global temperature will not cease. This, in turn, will
will inevitably result in a corresponding rise in sea levels, posing a severe threat to some coastal cities.
总结回应 In this case, coordination from all nations is in need to address such worldwide issues.

练笔 1：
Some people think we should keep all the money we earn and not pay tax to the state. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?
TS: In most modern countries, the tax revenue has been used to improve the urban and rural
infrastructure.
• 具体化 ： Example / Explain
• 反面假设 :
• Conclusion : 总结回应

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In most modern countries, the tax revenue has been used to improve the urban and rural
infrastructure.

论证套路 3：中心句 + 正面具体化（举例 / 解释） + 正面延伸的结果

Some people think we should keep all the money we earn and not pay tax to the state. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?

中心句 TS：税收也是解决不同社会阶层之间贫富差距的一种手段。
具体化：政府对富人征收更高的税收，为无家可归者、残疾人和失业者等需要帮助的人提供保障。包括补
贴医疗、教育和低收入公民负担得起的住房等举措。
延伸结果：这些项目可以显著减轻弱势群体的经济负担，减少富人和穷人之间的差距，从而促进社会公平
并创造一个更包容的社会。

中心句 TS：Taxation also serves as a means to address the wealth gap between different social classes.
具体化：Through progressive tax systems, where higher earners are taxed at a greater rate than lower
earners, governments can collect more revenue from the affluent to provide a safety net for those in
need of help, such as the homeless, disabled and unemployed. This may include initiatives like
subsidized healthcare, education, and affordable housing for low-income citizens.
延伸结果：Consequently, these programs can significantly alleviate the financial burden on vulnerable
groups and reduce the disparities between the affluent and the less privileged，thereby promoting social
equity and fostering a more inclusive society.

指代衔接与主题词衔接
Living in retirement communities can significantly enhance the mental health of senior citizens.
These communities frequently organize social events, such as dances, day trips, and dinners, which
provide ample opportunities for old residents to socialize and bond with peers who share similar ages,
interests, and hobbies. Such interactions effectively mitigate the feelings of loneliness and isolation
that many older individuals may experience. Consequently, residing in retirement homes fosters
mental well-being and a sense of happiness. By contrast, the emotional needs of the elderly are
often neglected by younger generations due to heavy workloads and lack of time.

13
练习：
Some people believe that a large amount of money should be spent on the protection of wild animals.
Others, however, think that it would be better spent on human beings. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.

中心句 1：One of the reasons why so many wild animals need protection is that their survival has been
seriously threatened by human activities.
中心句 2：Each animal species on this planet plays a unique role in the functioning of the ecosystem
which human beings depend on to survive.

开头段
These days, many governments, non-governmental organisations and individual campaigners are
involved in protecting wild animals. 适度补充话题背景 Many people regard these efforts as worthwhile
and essential, while others view them as unimportant compared with the suffering of human beings. 改
写题目呈现出双方争议的话题

主体段一
People who believe that a large amount of money should be spent on protecting wild animals do have a
point.One of the reasons why so many wild animals need protection is that their survival has been
seriously threatened by human activities.Agriculture, industrial development, hunting and poaching
have led to the destruction of natural habitats, a reduction in the number of animals living in the wild and
the endangerment of many species. In that sense, human beings do have a moral obligation to invest in
saving and protecting wild animals. Also,each animal species on this planet plays a unique role in
the functioning of the ecosystem which human beings depend on to survive. For instance, certain
bird species control pest populations, thereby protecting crops from infestation. The disappearance of
these birds could result in reduced crop yields. Therefore, investing in wildlife protection is not only
about preserving biodiversity but also about safeguarding the natural balance essential for human life.

主体段二
However,there are individuals who argue that the funds allocated to environmental conservation could
be more effectively used for the welfare of human beings. Their view,to a certain extent,is
understandable. All around the world, when governments allocate budget money, they have to give
some priority to the things that affect the standard of living of the general public. These include areas
such as childcare, education, healthcare, public infrastructure, eliminating poverty, state pension, social
housing and combating crime. In reality, when these seemingly more legitimate and pressing demands
for money have seriously strained public finances, as is often the case, governments will be left with no
choice but to reduce spending on the protection of wild animals and the preservation of natural
environment.

In conclusion, while the conservation of wildlife is undeniably important, it is essential to strike a

balance between the well-being of both humans and animals. Allocating resources to wildlife
preservation is vital for the overall health of the planet, but it is equally important to ensure that human
needs and quality of life are not neglected.

14
 D&G 类

Some people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is
better for them to study alone.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

针对这类作文，可以从自己的角度来分析，也可以站在观点提出者的角度分析。
要针对话题的两个方面分别讨论。

写作步骤：
1. 审题，标记题目关键词，分清楚题型
2. 头脑风暴想观点（类似的观点可以合并同类项）
3. 确定总论点和个人倾向
4. 套框架写文章
5. 写完检查一下，修改明显的错误

规划段落结构
1.开头段（转写题目+给出立场）
2.主体段一（独自学习的好处）
3.主体段二（小组学习的好处）
4.结论 （总结，重申立场）

【D&G 类作文分段模版】
题目中给出的 A 观点和 B 观点支持哪一个都可以。
以支持观点 A 为例：
开头段 —— 让步承认 B 观点，但是更支持 A 观点
主体段 1 —— A 观点的合理性
主体段 2 ——让步承认，B 观点有一定道理
结尾段 ——A 观点比 B 观点更合理

 对于相互矛盾的观点，选择其中一方进行支持。
 对于互补的观点：支持一方，或同时支持。
 也可不占某一方观点，选择折中观点。

拓展练习
Some people think it is more beneficial to take part in sports which are played in teams like football.
Others think taking part in individual sports like swimming is better. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

先列提纲
团队运动的好处 ：
个人运动的好处：

15
参考范文

In today's fast-paced world, sports serve not only as forms of physical exercise but also as avenues for
social interaction and personal development. While some argue that participating in team sports like
football is more beneficial, others contend that individual sports like swimming offer superior advantages.
This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my own opinion.

On the one hand, team sports like football provide participants with essential social interaction that
individual sports cannot offer. Engaging in a team environment fosters teamwork, as it requires players
to work together towards a common goal, which can translate into success in other areas of life. For
instance, football teams cannot win matches unless every player coordinates their efforts,
communicates effectively, and trusts their teammates. This promotes a sense of unity and mutual
support among participants. Moreover, team sports provide a platform for individuals to enlarge their
social circles by fostering new relationships with teammates, coaches, and even opponents. Through
shared experiences on the field or through social activities such as team dinners and group workouts,
team members can share emotional highs and lows, victories and challenges. This expanded social
circle not only facilitates personal networking both on and off the playing field but also enriches a
person's social life.

On the other hand, proponents of individual sports, such as swimming, argue that they offer unique
benefits. First, individual sports enable participants to focus on their personal growth and improvement.
Swimmers, for example, must rely solely on their own efforts and discipline to excel in the sport. They
need to analyze their own performance, identify areas for improvement, and develop strategies to
overcome obstacles. This cultivates a strong sense of self-motivation , self-reliance and problem-solving
skills. Additionally, individual sports can be more flexible in terms of practicing and competing on one’s
own schedule. Without the need to coordinate with team members, athletes in individual sports can
tailor their practice sessions and competitions to suit their personal timetables and their own pace,
which contributes to improving their efficiency and pushing beyond their limits without being restricted
by others.

In conclusion, both team and individual sports offer significant advantages. Team sports foster
collaboration and social skills, while individual sports promote personal growth and self-reliance.
Ultimately, the choice between the two depends on individual preferences, goals, and the specific
benefits they seek from sports participation.

课堂练习 1
Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career, while
others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school.Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
一、审题，选定立场
二、分段，列出提纲

16
开头段 —— 让步承认 get a job straight after school，但更支持 study at university or college
主体段 1 —— continue study 的合理性
主体段 2 —— 让步承认 start work 也有一定的合理性
结尾段 —— further study 比 start work 更合理
三、头脑风暴想观点，合并同类型

开头段（改写题目+给出观点）
Whether XXX or not is a topic of debate.
There is a debate as to whether XXX.
引入题目所述的现象, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend.
引入题目所述的现象, with conflicting views on whether this is right or wrong.
People have conflicting / different views on XXX.

It is true that teenagers face the dilemma of whether to get a job or continue their education when they
finish school. While there are some benefits to getting a job straight after school, I would argue that it is
better to go to college or university.

The option to start work straight after school is attractive for several reasons. Many young people want
to start earning money as soon as possible. In this way, they can become independent, and they will be
able to afford their own house or start a family. In terms of their career, young people who decide to find
work, rather than continue their studies, may progress more quickly. They will have the chance to gain
real experience and learn practical skills related to their chosen profession. This may lead to
promotions and a successful career.

On the other hand, I believe that it is more beneficial for students to continue their studies. Firstly,
academic qualifications are required in many professions. For example, it is impossible to become a
doctor, teacher or lawyer without having the relevant degree.As a result, university graduates have
access to more and better job opportunities, and they tend to earn higher salaries than those with fewer
qualifications. Secondly, the job market is becoming increasingly competitive, and sometimes there are
hundreds of applicants for one position in a company. Young people who do not have qualifications
from a university or college will not be able to compete.

For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that students are more likely to be successful in their
careers if they continue their studies beyond school level.

拓展练习
2022.01.08 / 2023.12.16
Some people agree that the best way to become successful in life is to get the university education.
Others disagree with it and think that nowadays it is no longer true. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.

17
课堂练习 2

Some people say that advertising has positive economic effects. Others think it has negative social
effects because it will make people feel dissatisfied with who they are and what they have. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

In recent times, advertising has become an integral aspect of our lives. While some people believe that
advertising contributes positively to the economy, others think that commercials exert detrimental
influences on human society due to their tendency to foster discontent . From my point of view, both
views have justifications as the advertising industry plays a crucial role in the national economy, but it
also results in a loss of public confidence and a proliferation of wrong consumption concepts.

On the one hand, commercial advertising brings about positive economic effects by stimulating sales of
products and driving economic growth. Through marketing campaigns, advertising effectively informs
consumers about products and services available in the market, thereby raising awareness and
generates demand among individuals. The increased demand can lead to higher sales and revenue for
businesses, thus boosting the consumer markets and the advertising industry. Furthermore, commercial
advertising is designed and shot by professional media planners , which employ a wide range of
professionals, including marketers, copywriters, graphic designers, and media managers. The powerful
job creation capability reduces unemployment rate and undoubtedly benefits overall economic
developments.

On the other hand, some people are concerned that the proliferation of advertisements can negatively
influence people's attitudes towards life and themselves. To attract consumers' attention, companies
often hire celebrities to endorse their products. These advertisements feature the beauty and luxurious
lifestyles of popular stars, making consumers dissatisfied with their ordinary lives and encouraging them
to replace their possessions with the recommended ones. Additionally, the fashionable elements and
social comparison involved in the advertisement cause feelings of anxiety and depression. Consumers
are worried about being out of fashion as described in the advertising, and thus follow the trend,
regardless of price. Such pressure can particularly impact vulnerable populations such as youth from
underprivileged families, fostering dissatisfaction with their economic circumstances and promoting
materialistic competition.

In my opinion, advertising is crucial for economic activities as it serves as the primary source of
information for consumers when making buying decisions. While advertising significantly benefits the
economy, it also poses challenges by influencing societal attitudes and promoting materialism.Therefore,
living in a world where advertisements are omnipresent, we should promote responsible advertising by
companies and encourage critical thinking among consumers.

课堂练习 3

Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to reducing traffic accidents,
while others believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

18
开头段：
People have different views with regard to the question of how to make our roads safer. In my opinion,
both punishments and a rang of other measures can be used together to promote better driving habits.

On the one hand, strict punishments can certainly help to encourage people to drive more safely.
Penalties for dangerous drivers can act as a deterrent, meaning that people avoid repeating the same
offence. There are various types of driving penalty, such as small fines, licence suspension, driver
awareness courses and even prison sentences.The aim of these punishments is to show dangerous
drivers that their actions have negative consequences. As a result, drivers may become more disciplined
and alert, and they may follow/obey the rules more carefully.

On the other hand, I believe that safe driving can be promoted in several different ways that do not
punish drivers.

结尾段：
In conclusion, while punishments can help to prevent bad driving, I believe that other road safety
measures should also be introduced.

课堂练习 4
Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such as painters
and musicians. Others believe that creative artists should be funded by alternative sources. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

支持政府资助艺术家的理由有：
（1）艺术对于人类的精神生活来说有重大意义，音乐和绘画等艺术作品能够让我们体验到各种各样不同的
情感，增加我们对这个世界的认识。
（2）艺术是一个国家文化和历史的传承，能帮助人们更加了解自己地区的历史和文化，增加文化认同感
（3）艺术如雕塑和绘画能增加一座城市的人文气息，让城市更具吸引力，发展旅游业。
（4）艺术行业也是一个很重要的经济行业，通过资助艺术家，政府能够促进该行业的发展，从而创造更多
的工作机会。

19
政府不需要资助艺术家的理由有：
（1）相比教育、健康和温饱这些需求来说，艺术需求属于奢侈品。对于很多国家来说，最重要是事情应该
是发展经济，解决民生需求，而不是用有限的资金去资助艺术。
（2）很多艺术家可以通过出售自己作品的方式来获得收入；一些企业也会资助有创意的艺术家；

People have different views about the funding of creative artists. While some people disagree with the
idea of government support for artists, I believe that money for art projects should come from both
governments and other sources.

The argument in favour of government support for artists is that art projects can bring great societal
and economic benefits. To begin with, the various artworks such as paintings and sculptures in public
spaces represent culture, heritage and history. They serve to educate people about the city and act as
landmarks for visitors. Governments should pay creative artists to produce this kind of art , because
without the funding our cities would be much less interesting and attractive. Also, by providing financial
support to the arts, governments can boost the economy. The art industry employs a considerable
number of professionals, such as curators, art critics and art dealers. Paying creative artists to produce
works of art sparks a boon to the art industry, thereby stimulating job growth and wealth that can be
applied towards other social programmes.

On the other hand, some believe that allocating public resources to finance artists is inappropriate. The
main reason for this view is that governments have more important concerns. For example, stage
budgets need to be spent on education, healthcare, infrastructure and security. The public services are
vital for a country to function properly, while the work of creative artists, even in public places, is a luxury.
Therefore, it would be imprudent for a country to put large amounts of funds into art projects while
leaving its people in abject poverty. Another reason for this opinion is that musicians and painters do
a job like any other professional, and they can make a living by performing or selling their artistic
creations to fans or collectors.Some industry sponsorships can also be a useful source of revenue for
creative artists. For example, media companies like the mobile giant Apple are often willing to pay huge
fees to inspirational designers who work on their advertising campaigns, product packaging,and even
the appearance of their electronic devices.

In conclusion, there are good reasons why artists should rely on alternative sources of financial support,
and in my opinion government support is also necessary.

课后练习 1
Some people think that the best way to reduce time spent in traveling to work is to replace parks and
gardens close to the city center with apartment buildings for commuters, but others disagree.Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.

课后练习 2
Several languages are in danger of extinction because they are spoken by very small numbers of people.
Some people say that governments should spend public money on saving these languages, while others
believe that would be a waste of money. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

20
 Agree or Disagree “同不同意”类作文

常见提问句
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Do you agree or disagree？

一、审题
注意要从自己的角度来回答问题，针对话题发表自己的见解。

同不同意题型
双边论证 单边论证
1. 同意/不同意，可以有所让步 1.完全同意
2. 同意一部分，不同意另一部分 2.完全不同意

例 1 并列关系
In many countries, traditional food is being replaced by international fast food. This will have
negative effects on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
注意区分 现象 与 观点
一、审题
二、分段，列出提纲
三、想观点，细节支持
开头段 —— 转写题目+给出自己立场

列出快餐的消极影响

1.快餐取代传统食物，对于人们的健康不利。快餐的制作工艺比较简单 simple process of cooking，

为了达到更好的味道 have better flavor，商家通常会加入比较多的调料 seasonings，比如盐 salt，糖
sugar，油 oil；而且一些常见的快餐比如 hamburger，fried chicken，热量非常高 contain high calories，
吃太多快餐 excessive consumption 容易导致疾病，比如肥胖、心血管疾病等 lead to obesity or
cardiovascular diseases.

2.快餐的普及影响了国家的饮食文化。传统食物代表传统文化 represent traditional culture，在一些重

要的节日，人们通过制作和食用传统食物来庆祝节日 celebrate these holidays，比如中国春节吃饺子
dumpling，中秋节吃月饼 moon cake，象征家人的团圆 symbolize the reunion of family members。
如果快餐取代传统食物，那么也就意味着传统文化的损失 loss of culture，很多年轻一代可能会忘掉自
己国家的饮食文化，不利于传统文化的传承。

21
【一边倒式】写作方法
开头段 —— 明确提出同意或反对的态度
主体段 1 —— 详细论述支持自己观点的理由 1
主体段 2 —— 详细论述支持自己观点的理由 2
结尾段 —— 总结，重申自己态度

开头段：完全同意给家庭和社会带来了消极影响
主体段 1：详细论述给家庭带来的消极影响
主体段 2：详细论述给社会带来的消极影响
结尾段：总结，完全同意

【双边讨论】
开头段 —— partly 同意题目观点：while 有好处， 快餐消极影响更多
主体段 1 —— 让步承认，快餐有好处
主体段 2 —— 快餐的消极影响 1 ---对家庭
主体段 3-------快餐的消极影响 2 ---对社会
结尾段 —— 更倾向于同意

审题练习
2019.2.16 Nowadays, children spend too much time watching TV and playing computer games. Some
people believe this has negative effects on children's mental abilities. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

例 2 因果关系
2021.12.30 Some people believe that schools are no longer necessary, because students can get so
much information through the Internet, and study just as well at home. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

With the development of computer technology, translation between languages by machines is

highly developed in our society. Therefore, some people think it is not necessary for students to
learn a foreign language. Do you agree or disagree?

With the advancement of modern software technology, translation between different languages by
machines is becoming more and more efficient. This has led some to believe that there is no longer a
need for students to learn a foreign language. Personally,I think these people are rather short-sighted,
and I totally disagree with this view.

There are many fundamental reasons why students will be better off learning a foreign language.
Firstly, translating machines are not entirely reliable. Although they have become increasingly

22
advanced with each passing year, nearly everyone who has used them has the impression that they are
far from perfect. Most of the time,translations done by translating machines are full of errors, and can be
confusing or even misleading. It is therefore not possible for people to totally rely on translating
machines when having to communicate in a foreign language.

Secondly, being able to speak two or more languages greatly improves the future employability of
students, giving them a competitive edge with respect to career choices.In this increasingly
globalised world, a significant proportion of new jobs in the market are created as a result of international
trade and business. More and more companies are doing business in dozens of countries around the
world, and they cannot do it without hiring globally-minded people who can speak at least one foreign
language. Learning a foreign language thus undoubtedly helps open up a world of career opportunities.

Thirdly, learning a foreign language helps a student become an open-minded understanding and
tolerant individual, and this is absolutely priceless. Language is the most direct link to other cultures.
Being able to communicate in another language exposes a student to and fosters an understanding of
the lifestyles, customs.traditions, religions, arts and history of the people associated with that
language.This understanding, in turn, promotes greater tolerance, empathy, acceptance and
appreciation of other peoples and different cultures.

In summary, I think there are plenty of good reasons why students need to learn a foreign language.
Translating machines will in certain situations help people who have poor foreign language skills, but I
believe there is always a need for students to develop foreign language skills.

2022.2.26 Today it is easier to access information so libraries are no longer necessary. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

课堂审题练习
1. Some people think that we do not need the library anymore as we have access to information via the
internet, while others believe the role of library cannot be replaced. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.

2. More and more people use computers to access information, therefore there is no need to print books,
magazines and newspapers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3. Some people think that public museums and art galleries will not be needed as people can see
historical objects and works of art on the computer. To what extent do you agree or disagree？

4. It is not necessary for people to travel abroad to learn about the culture. We can learn it from books,
TV and the Internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

23
因果关系 + 绝对词
In the future, nobody will buy printed newspapers or books because they will be able to read everything
they want online without paying. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?(剑桥雅思
15 test 2)

一、审题，选定立场
二、分段，列出提纲
三、想观点，细节支持

开头段：completely / totally disagree

主体段 1： （纵向展开）
主题句（高度概括） - 在经济落后的地方，网络不可用
论证 1（稍微具体） - 在偏僻的地区，缺钱缺技术，网络设施十分落后
论证 2（更加具体） - 居民在短期的未来无法使用网络，还是只能以纸质版的读物获取信息

主体段 2： （纵向展开）
主题句（高度概括） - 很多读者不喜欢网上阅读的方式
论证 1（稍微具体） - 网上阅读的方式并不舒适，如电子读物让人眼睛酸痛 ；对比纸质读物，眼睛不容易
感到酸痛，还可以翻页和闻到书香；
论证 2（更加具体） - 因此，在获取相同的内容时，这些人坚持用纸质版读物的方式

结尾段：总结，重申立场

开头段 Introduction：背景+论题+立场+预告
背景句- 快速简洁的引入跟论题关键字相关内容； 别离论题关键字十万八千里远；想不出或花时间想的，
直接省去；
论题句-不能照抄，要对其进行同义替换；前提是一定要确保意思不变的基础上用别的词汇句式进行改写；
立场句-简单直接告诉考官你的立场； 别故弄玄虚；
预告句- 把下文 2 个 body 段要写的中心句现在这里先呈现；基础较差的学生可省去这个任务

开头段: 无背景+ 论题改写 It is believed /argued by some people that there is no need for paper-based
newspapers or books in the coming years as everyone can read whatever they are interested in on the
Internet at no cost.+ 立场 I am strongly against this prediction + 预告 because not everyone can access
the Internet, and many readers are not fond of online reading.

BODY1 主题句+ 论证 1+论证 2+ （总结回应）

One primary reason is that in some economically disadvantaged regions, the access to the Internet is
not prevalent. To be specific, due to the lack of investment and technological prowess, Internet service
in these areas has been in the primitive stage, and this situation will not improve considerably in the
foreseeable future. As a consequence of this, a large group of residents will not enjoy the benefit of free
access to current affairs sites but will have to rely on traditional methods, such as reading newspapers or
books, to obtain information.

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BODY 2 主题句+ 论证 1+论证 2+ （总结回应）
Another significant factor is that many readers dislike the reading experience on electronic devices. This
is because, to them, reading digital content on a computer or on a smart phone is uncomfortable, which
makes their eyes sore or even causes long term harm such as digital eye strain. In contrast, reading real
newspapers or books can bring a superior experience, as they can be saved from the aforementioned
drawbacks while feeling each page at their fingertips and smelling the scent of oil ink. Therefore, they
insist on reading 'old-fashioned' newspapers or books even if they can acquire the same information or
knowledge from the Internet without payment.

总结段: 重申立场+ 总结全文

In conclusion, I am firmly convinced that in the future, printed newspapers or books will still exist as the
Internet will not be accessible everywhere and many readers will still have unmitigated passion for this
form of reading.

拓展练习：（2021.12.25）
Some people believe that university students should pay all the cost of studies because university
education only benefits students themselves not the society as a whole. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

绝对词：all the cost ； only benefits students themselves

因果关系 because
审题时需要注意题目中的因果关系：因为大学教育只利于个人不利于社会，所以大学生应该自己承担学费。
我们可以分别对“因”和“果”进行反驳，即“大学教育不只是利于个人也利于社会”和“大学生自己承担学费是
不合理的”。

There are different views about who should pay for the cost of university studies. Some people think it
should be borne by students, since they are the primary beneficiaries of university education. However, I
disagree with this viewpoint.

Higher education benefits individuals and society as well. In the process of pursuing a better quality of
life, well-educated people also make use of their knowledge and skills to serve society, particularly in an
era where knowledge and technology have become the major force that drives the economy. We can
see numerous talented people play important roles in various sectors, including government
departments, high-tech companies and research institutes. Most of these people hold high academic
qualifications and they attribute their success largely to the university education they have received.
These people are assets of the country and their success creates a better society for all.

Unfortunately, a large number of young people are denied admission to university just because of their
poor financial conditions, or are struggling for the tuition fee and cost of living on university campus. This
is unfair to individuals and also detrimental to the country’s long-term development. If the government

25
could provide financial support for them, they would be able to continue their studies, and after
graduation, they are expected to become elites in their specialized fields and make great contribution to
society.

Overall, as the custodian of societal welfare, the government has the obligation to invest in higher
education, which is integral to a nation’s progress. For those who cannot afford the cost of studies in the
university, the government and university should offer various means of assistance.

例3 比较关系
The money spent by governments on space programmes would be better spent on vital public
services such as schools and hospitals.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Governments in some countries spend large amounts of money on space exploration programmes. I
completely agree with the idea that these are a waste of money, and that the funds should be allocated
to public services.

There are several reasons why space programmes should be abandoned. Firstly, it is extremely
expensive to train scientists and other staff involved with space missions, and facilities and equipment
also come at a huge cost to the government. Secondly, these programmes do not benefit normal people
in our daily lives; they are simply vanity projects for politicians. Finally, many missions to space fail
completely, and the smallest technological error can cost astronauts their lives. The Challenger space
shuttle disaster showed us that space travel is extremely dangerous, and in my opinion it is not worth the
risk.

I believe that the money from space programmes should go to vital public services instead. It is much
cheaper to train doctors, teachers, police and other public service workers than it is to train astronauts or
the scientists and engineers who work on space exploration projects. Furthermore, public servants do
jobs that have a positive impact on every member of society. For example, we all use schools, hospitals
and roads, and we all need the security that the police provide. If governments reallocated the money
spent on space travel and research, thousands of people could be lifted out of poverty or given a better
quality of life.

In conclusion, my view is that governments should spend money on services that benefit all members
of society, and it is wrong to waste resources on projects that do not improve our everyday lives.

审题练习：
1. When a new town is planned，it is more important to develop public parks and sports facilities than
shopping centers for people to spend their free time in. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2019.1.12

26
When planning a new town, the authorities have various factors to consider and need to prioritize the
construction of different facilities. To encourage active lifestyles, in my opinion, it is more important to
build public parks and sports facilities than shopping centers.

Providing sports facilities is an effective way to improve city dwellers’ health and thus reduce the risk of
disease such as diabetes or heart attacks in the long term. In this day and age, many people live a
sedentary lifestyle, choosing to watch TV or play video games after work and collapsing in front of the
screen every evening. With easy access to various kinds of sport facilities, they are more likely to make
exercise a regular part of their lives.

The park is also a good place for exercise, particularly to those who are not interested in competitive
sports. Jogging, dancing and practicing Tai Chi in the park are quite common among elderly citizens
these days. In a park with high greening rate, plants and trees can absorb waste gases and provide
green shade, creating a comfortable environment for city dwellers. Those who spend leisure time in the
park can have close contact with nature and make themselves refreshed.

By contrast, the main function of shopping centers is for people to buy various goods, while in today’s
world where on-line shopping is becoming increasingly prevalent, the role of physical stores seems to be
weakened. Large shopping centers can also include some leisure facilities such as cafés and cinemas,
but these are not as important as parks and sports centers.

To conclude, in the process of urban planning and construction, building parks and sports facilities
should be emphasized, in comparison with developing shopping centers.

2. It is more important for school children to learn about their local history than the world history. To
what extent do you agree or disagree? 2022.6.4

3. Museums and art galleries should concentrate on local works rather than showing the cultures or
artworks from other countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2022.12.10

4. The family has great influence on children’s development, but the influence from outside the home
plays a bigger part in children’s life. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

27
 含有绝对词的题目

雅思作文中的绝对词包括，但是不仅限于：best/ only/ most/ least/ never/ must/ always/ all

五段式结构
开头：不同意

主体段 1：（让步）让步承认题中所述是有一定好处的
主体段 2：（转折）转折给出题中所述的弊端
主题段 3：（递进）其他方法同样存在
结尾：重申立场

这个结构的附加好处是：
1. 提到了观点的正反两面，可以适用于 discuss 和优缺点比较的问法，加上观点清晰一边倒，适合于同意
与否的问法，也适用于所有的问法
2. 三个段的内容写起来都比较轻松，一个正面理由，一个小让步说缺点，一个替代方法
3. 第三个主体段很好写：不再需要提到已给的角度，而是扩展到别的方面，段中可并列多个替代选项，每
个选项亦无须深度展开。

增加体育设施是提高公共健康最好的方法？

开头：不同意
主体段 1：（让步）更多设施，人们会更方便运动，从而身体更好
主体段 1：（转折）并不一定每个人都愿意运动、健康水平的提高也不仅仅在于运动
主题段 3：（递进）其他方法同样存在：提高健康意识、健康饮食、完善医疗系统
结尾：重申立场

注意：
1. 给出的其他可行办法，一定要围绕题干 to 后面希望达成的目的去说，不能随意想象。不用必须给出你
心中的最完美某一个 方法，并列给出 2-3 个同样可行的方法，更容易写到段落合适长度。

2. 题干所述方法的不足有时候会较为难想，不用硬掰。承认题述方法的优点，不给出其缺点，但是给出更
好的、或者同等好的办法，也是在 diss 题目中 best 这个关键词。总论点 disagree 仍旧成立。

课堂练习 1
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports
facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures
are required. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

A problem of modern societies is the declining level of health in the general population, with conflicting
views on how to tackle this worrying trend. One possible solution is to provide more sports facilities to
encourage a more active lifestyle.

Advocates of this believe that if people had easy access to sports facilities, they would be likely to do

28
physical exercise regularly. Many people choose to watch TV or use mobile phones and computers in
their spare time. Even if they plan to play football or go swimming, they may have to give up, as there are
no playgrounds or swimming pools near their home. Therefore, building more sports facilities is a good
way to encourage active lifestyle.

However, this does not automatically mean that building more sport facilities can improve the health
level among all the population. After all, interest in sports is not universal, and additional facilities might
simply attract the already fit, not those who most need them. Perhaps other measures should be taken
to tackle people’s health problems. As many diseases are caused by eating too much high-fat food, it is
important to promote healthy diet among the general public. If people could consume less junk food, the
incidence of relevant diseases such as obesity and diabetes would decline.

In addition, high tax could be imposed on tobacco and alcohol, as excessive consumption of these
contributes to poor health. In some public places, smoking should be banned. Changing the habit of
travelling could also benefit people’s health. Walking or cycling for short-distance trip would be an
effective way for exercising.

In my opinion, focusing on sports facilities is a narrow approach and would not have the desired results.
Multiple measures should be taken to encourage people to adopt a healthier lifestyle in general.

拓展练习 1
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports
facilities.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

课堂练习 2
Some people think that the best way to improve road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for
driving a car or motor-bike.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The high incidence of road accidents has become a serious problem in many cities and there are
different solutions proposed to tackle this problem. Some people suggest that we should increase the
minimum age for driving motor vehicles. This measure is reasonable, but I do not think it is the best way.

Those supporters may base their suggestion on the fact that a certain percentage of accidents are
caused by teenagers. Young people are thought to lack a sense of responsibility, so they may not be
fully aware of the importance of obeying traffic laws. Many of them enjoy stimulating and adventurous
things, which means they are more likely to drive over the speed limit. Being addicted to alcohol is

29
another common problem among young people and this may increase the risk of drunk driving. As
people get older, they would become more mature and considerate. Thus, increasing the age limit for
driving is considered as an effective way to reduce accidents and improve road safety.

However, considering a large number of accidents that are irrelevant to age, this measure is not the best
and other methods also need to be adopted.Accidents can also be caused by older and sophisticated
drivers, who violate the traffic law intentionally due to a lack of raod safety awareness. Therefore, it is
necessary for the authorities to increase monitoring on the road and give strict punishment to violators.
Other measures include maintaining road facilities well and making the traffic signs clear, as in some
cases the accidents are attributed to broken traffic lights or unclear signs.

Overall, to reduce the number of traffic offences, the whole society needs to take multiple measures and
setting the age limit for driving is a possible method.

课后作业

1. Today it is easier to access information so libraries are no longer necessary. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

2. Some people believe that if the police force carries guns, it will encourage higher levels of violence in
society. To what extent do you agree or disagree？

3. It is more important for school children to learn about their local history than the world history. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

4. Some people think it is one of the best ways to solve the environmental problems by increasing the
cost of fuels for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

30
 报告类作文

一、报告类大作文题型
1.原因+解决方案
Health experts claim that walking is the best exercise. However, people are walking less on a daily basis.
What has made it happen and how to deal with it?

Many people believe that bicycle is a healthy and environmentally-friendly mode of transport. However,
it is no longer the main form of transport. What are the reasons ? What could be done to encourage the
use of bicycles among the wider population?

2. 原因+结果
In some countries around the world, men and women tend to have babies later in life. Why does this
happen ? What are the effects on society and family life ?

The percentage of the population living in urban areas has greatly increased in many countries. Discuss
some reasons for this change, and some of its consequences for urban planning.

3. 组合类
Many people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced films. Why could this be? Should
governments give more financial support to local film industries?

These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers go out to work. What
could be the reason for this? Do you think it is a positive or a negative development?

二、审题
1. 分清现象与观点
题目在给出观点之前会给出一句话的现象引入，我们在写作的时候应该紧紧围绕观点本身来写。写作中应
该讨论的是观点，而不要质疑现象。

2. 两问在内容上其实是有关联的，要整体思考

三、如何展开框架
1. 原因+解决方案类框架
开头段 —— 引入话题，交代背景
主体段 1 —— 介绍原因（一般横向展开两道三个即可）
主体段 2 —— 解决方案（解决方案最好与原因相匹配）
结尾段 —— 总结现象成因和解决方法

例1
People aim to keep a balance between their work and other parts of their lives，but few people
achieve it. What are the problems in trying to achieve this goal and how can these problems be
overcome？

31
Balancing work and personal life is a universal aspiration, yet only a minority manage to attain this
balance. This essay will explore the challenges hindering individuals from achieving this goal，before
proposing several possible solutions.

Perhaps the primary obstacle in achieving work-life balance is the culture of overwork prevalent in
many industries.In today's competitive work environments, the majority of employees often feel
compelled to prioritize work commitments over personal well-being. Long working hours, tight deadlines,
and the fear of falling behind peers contribute to heightened stress levels and diminish the quality of
personal life. Another key factor is technological advancements, which have blurred the boundaries
between work and leisure. The pervasive use of smartphones and email means that employees are
constantly tethered to their work even outside office hours. As a result,this connectivity erodes precious
downtime and impedes efforts to unwind and recharge.

Fortunately, however, there are several promising solutions to overcome these problems. First of all, on
a personal level, individuals need to cultivate mindfulness and recognize the importance of other
aspects of life, such as doing physical exercise and spending quality time with family. Secondly,
companies should foster a supportive work environment where employees feel encouraged to take
regular breaks and vacations to reduce employees' pressure. This could be achieved by promoting
flexible work arrangements , respecting employees’ boundaries , and offering several weeks of vacation
annually. More importantly, as for the government, it is essential to establish a better social security
system, including education, healthcare, and retirement, to enable people to withstand risks in life. With
less stress from work, individuals can reclaim control over their time and foster a healthier work-life
balance.

In conclusion, achieving a harmonious balance between work and life is a serious/disturbing problem
which is primarily caused by the pervasive culture of overwork, along with the technological
advancements. By promoting a supportive work culture, implementing flexible policies, and prioritizing
self-care, individuals can strive towards a more fulfilling balance between their work and personal lives.

例2
In modern cities, more and more people do not feel a sense of community or know their neighbours.
What are the causes of the situation? How can we change the situation?

In contemporary urban environments, an increasing number of city dwellers today lack a sense of
community and do not know their neighbours. There are several causes of this situation and measures
need to be taken to tackle it.

The main cause of this situation is that modern residential buildings do not help to promote interaction
among neighbours. For example, in many big cities, most people live in high-rise apartment buildings.
These structures, while accommodating large numbers of citizens, often compromise communal spaces
that are crucial for fostering neighbourly bonds, making them feel isolated from other families. Another
cause is that the pace of life in urban areas is fast and stressful, which exacerbates the issue. Long

32
working hours, extensive commutes, and a focus on personal and professional success often leave little
time for social interactions. As people prioritize their careers and personal lives, opportunities to engage
with neighbors and participate in community activities diminish. Also, modern forms of entertainment,
such as watching television and browsing the Internet, are usually enjoyed at home rather than in public
places. As a result, city dwellers rarely spend time in the public facilities in their neighbourhoods such as
community centers.

Various measures could be taken to tackle/ address / ameliorate this situation. Urban planners and local
governments should play a pivotal role in the creation of communal spaces such as parks, community
centers, and pedestrian-friendly areas that encourage social interactions.This would give residents more
opportunities to interact with their neighbours ,fostering a sense of belonging among them. Furthermore,
local community centers can diversify their offerings to include a wide range of activities, ranging from
cookery workshops to art classes. Such initiatives can motivate residents to step out of their private
space and socialise with their neighbours. On an individual level, people can make a conscious effort to
engage with their neighbors by introducing themselves, organizing social gatherings, and participating in
local activities.

In conclusion, the erosion of community spirit in modern cities is a complex issue driven by urbanization,
technology, and lifestyle changes. By implementing thoughtful urban planning, organizing community
events, and fostering individual engagement, it is possible to rebuild a sense of community and
strengthen social bonds among city dwellers.

2. 原因+结果类框架
开头段 —— 引入话题，交代背景
主体段 1 —— 介绍原因（一般横向展开两到三个即可）
主体段 2 —— 介绍结果（结果最好与原因相匹配）
结尾段 —— 总结现象成因和影响
In some countries around the world men and women tend to have babies later in life. Why does
this happen？What are the effects on society and family life？

In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend in some countries around the world where men and
women tend to have babies later in life. This shift is driven by various factors and has significant
implications for both society and family life.

One of the primary reasons for this trend is the pursuit of higher education and career advancement. As
more individuals prioritize their education and professional development, they often delay starting a
family. Women, in particular, are increasingly focused on establishing their careers before considering
motherhood. Another reason for late childbirth is perhaps the rising cost of raising a child. The arrival of a
new baby will undoubtedly increase the family’s spending and put more pressure on young couples.
Therefore, they constantly postpone their plans of having a child until they think they are financially
prepared. Additionally, social changes, such as the increased acceptance of later marriages and the
availability of advanced reproductive technologies, also contribute to this phenomenon.

33
The effects of delayed parenthood on family life and society are multifaceted. In terms of family life, older
parents are often more financially secure and emotionally mature, which can lead to a more stable and
nurturing environment for children. They are also likely to be more experienced and knowledgeable,
potentially providing better guidance and support. However, there are also potential health risks
associated with later pregnancies. As the age of pregnancy increases, a woman's fertility begins to
decrease and the risk of delivering babies goes up.These factors need to be considered by young
couples. For society, late childbirth means a lower birth rate because women have fewer fertile years,
giving rise to an aging population and a lack of young labour force, which undoubtedly undermines the
productivity in every industry and slows down the economic development in the long term.

In conclusion, the trend of having babies later in life is influenced by educational, economic, and social
factors. While it can lead to greater financial stability and emotional maturity in parenting, it also poses
challenges such as health risks and demographic shifts.

3. 组合类
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports
facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures
are required. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
题型变化 1：Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of
sports facilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree？
题型变化 2： Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of
sports facilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree？What other measures do you think are
effective？

例1
Increasing number of developing countries are expanding tourist industries. Why is this? Is it a positive
or negative trend?

Nowadays, the tourist industry has been attracting attention from all over the world, especially
developing countries, which regard tourism as an effective contributor to both local economy and
cultural transmission. This essay will initially discuss the causes of this phenomenon in detail, followed
by the analysis of its potential negative influence on the developing countries.

The reasons behind the phenomenon are multiple. For one thing, expanding tourist industries is a
sensible decision to effectively achieve rapid economic growth, be it directly through the consumption
behavior from visitors, or indirectly through the overall increasing economic activities brought by more
employment opportunities for local residents. For another, it is the booming tourist industries that
authorities in developing countries can take advantage of to spread local culture and promote cultural
communication. Since most of the developing countries can hardly have voices and therefore their
unique cultures are always ignored, tourism provides a platform for the hosts to exhibit the charm and
gain understanding and appreciation from visitors, achieving the aim of spreading the culture throughout
the world.

34
Although the prosperity of tourist industries in developing countries can definitely bring about tangible
benefits for local economy and cultural transmission, its negative impact on the long-term development
of host countries cannot be ignored. Revenues from tourism are not likely to be stable and consistent
because they heavily rely on external factors, such as the financial and political conditions of
international community, which means financial crisis can easily take place if developing countries overly
lean on tourist industries without allocating sufficient resources to other fundamental industries.

In conclusion, governments in developing countries expand tourist industries out of consideration for
economic development and cultural diffusion, and they should take measures to avoid potential risks
caused by over-dependence on tourism.

原因+利弊
Young people are leaving their homes from rural areas to study or work in the cities. What are the
reasons? Do the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?

Nowadays a growing number of young people are leaving rural areas in order to become successful
economically or academically in urban areas. Although there are some benefits of this trend, I would
argue that the drawbacks are more obvious.

One of the primary reasons for this migration is the superior educational opportunities available in cities.
Urban areas typically host renowned universities and colleges that offer a wide range of courses and
programs, providing young people with access to high-quality education that is often unavailable in rural
areas. Additionally, cities offer a plethora of job opportunities across various industries, attracting young
individuals seeking better career prospects and higher salaries. The concentration of businesses and
industries in urban centers creates a dynamic job market with more options for professional growth and
development.

This migration may have crucial effects on both rural and urban areas. To begin with, it may result in the
imbalance of population between the already intensely populated urban areas and the rural areas that
young people leave behind. While the cities get increasingly over-crowded, villages will suffer from
the shortage of manpower, which will exacerbate the urban-rural divide. Another possible downside is
that the influx of young people into cities can contribute to overpopulation, straining urban infrastructure
and resources, and leading to issues such as housing shortages, increased pollution, and traffic
congestion.It is self-evident that, however, the migration of young people from the countryside to cities
will provide sufficient human resources necessary for the urban development.

In conclusion, the migration of young people from rural areas to cities is fueled by educational and
employment opportunities, and I believe there are more disadvantages.

课后练习
It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime can be attributed to violence in the media. Do you
think it is the reason for the growth in the rate of juvenile crime? What solutions can you offer to deal with
this situation?

35
范文 1 （利弊讨论类 ---- 社会话题）
Nowadays some older people choose to live in retirement communities with other people, rather
than living with their adult children. Is it a positive or negative development?

开头段 版本 1
Living in the retirement community is gaining popularity among elderly people and I think this trend has
more benefits than drawbacks.
开头段 版本 2
As the number of elderly people keeps rising in many countries, living in the retirement community is
becoming increasingly popular. I think this trend has multiple benefits.
开头段 版本 3
Traditionally, retired people would live alone or with their adult children, but this situation has changed,
with more and more aged people choosing to live in the retirement community. I think this trend, with
multiple benefits, should be encouraged.

The retirement community is an ideal place for old people, who can be looked after by full-time and
professional / experienced caregivers. Old people are prone to illnesses and some of them even become
disabled in their late years. To attend elderly people requires a large amount of time and energy, which is
a difficult task for their busy adult children. This problem can be addressed in a community specially
designed for seniors , with well-established facilities and well-trained workers.

Besides, living in the retirement community is a good way for the elderly to tackle loneliness, especially
today when younger generations often neglect their old parents’ emotional needs. Instead of staying at
home alone and craving for children’s love, retirement community residents can get integrated into a
larger family where people of the same age bond with and care for each other. They have a wide range of
activities to participate in, making the retired life fun and active.

There is a concern that parents may become alienated with their adult children if they live apart. However,
this is not true in most cases. When two generations live under the same roof, conflicts often arise due to
different life habits and timetables. Instead, a certain distance can help family members maintain a
comfortable relationship, without being disturbed by others.

Overall, I think living in the retirement community is a positive trend among seniors, and this mode, if
promoted properly, can contribute to addressing the issue of supporting large aged populations in
today’s society.

范文 2 （利弊讨论类 ---- 科技话题）

New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do you think the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

It is true that children’s way of spending their spare time has been changed because of technological
innovations, but I would argue that the advantages of that change more than compensate for any
disadvantages.

36
On the one hand, there are two serious drawbacks when children waste their time on playing video
games or using the internet. Firstly, excessive screen time can have a detrimental impact on children’s
physical health. Spending long hours in front of screens often leads to a sedentary lifestyle, which is a
major contributor to various health issues. For example, if children keep their eyes glued to computers or
mobiles phones and consoles for hours on end, they may suffer symptoms of poor vision, back and neck
pain. Secondly, the constant exposure to unrealistic standards and negative content on social media
can contribute to issues like anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Children may feel pressured to
conform to the idealized images they see online, which can negatively impact their self-image and
mental health.

However, the benefits of new technologies are more obvious than these disadvantages. The most
significant one is that children now have a range of choices to enjoy their free time. New technologies
enable children to broaden their knowledge through interactive software. For instance, children can
expand their understanding of wildlife by watching animal documentaries, instead of relying on
traditional sources like radio or newspapers. Another consideration is that the internet not only provides
countless useful materials with few clicks, but also supports children in connecting with friends in any
part of the world by using chat rooms and social networks such as Facebook or Twitter. As a result, new
technologies both enhance children’s self-study capabilities and promote the development of a wide
circle of virtual friends.

In conclusion, as children benefit greatly from using technological advances in their free time, the
advantages of technology outweigh its disadvantages.

范文 3 （利弊讨论类 ---- 全球化话题）

Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same
products anywhere in the world. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

Countries are increasingly becoming alike as the same products are now accessible worldwide. This
development, I assert, is predominantly negative due to its adverse effects on cultural uniqueness and
local economies.

To begin with, the spread of identical products globally undermines cultural diversity. Each nation's
history, traditions, and identity are intricately linked to its unique goods. The relentless advance of
multinational brands threatens to supplant these traditional items, leading to a homogenized world
where cultural richness and diversity are lost. Imagine the traditional Chinese tea ceremony without its
distinctive teapot or the vibrant Indian festivals devoid of their unique handcrafted decorations—such a
future would be a dull, monotonous one.

Moreover, the dominance of international products can devastate local economies. Traditional artisans
and small-scale producers struggle to compete with mass-produced goods from large corporations.
This shift often results in the displacement of local jobs and the decline of traditional crafts. For instance,
the influx of inexpensive, mass-produced textiles has severely impacted traditional weavers in many
regions, threatening their livelihoods and eroding cultural heritage.

37
Additionally, the widespread availability of the same products globally diminishes the uniqueness of
travel experiences, potentially harming the tourism industry. Tourists seek authentic experiences and are
drawn to the distinctiveness of local cultures and products. When every destination offers the same
global brands, the charm and allure of travel are significantly reduced, which may lead to a decline in
tourism revenue. No one wants to travel halfway across the world only to find the same stores and
products they see at home.

In conclusion, while the global spread of identical products might offer some convenience, it poses
serious threats to cultural diversity, local economies, and the uniqueness of travel experiences. The
preservation of each region's distinctive character and economic health should be prioritized over the
push for global uniformity.

范文 4（双边讨论类---城市规划）
Some people think that the best way to reduce time spent in traveling to work is to replace
parks and gardens close to the city center with apartment buildings for commuters, but others
disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

In many cities around the world, the time people spend commuting between their workplace and their home
has increased significantly, a problem which is closely associated with city expansion. Long commutes
have become a major concern for many, particularly in metropolises.To alleviate this problem, some people
think that converting parks and gardens located near the city center into residential areas for commuters is
the most effective method.

Those who hold this view believe that turning parks and gardens into apartment blocks may help shorten
the distance between commuters’ homes and workplaces. If parks and gardens in the central area of a city
were demolished and more residential buildings were provided, the choice of where to live available to daily
commuters would be extended. This enables those who live far away from the central business district to
relocate closer to the place where they work, thus significantly reducing the time they spend commuting. In
addition, by moving closer to their workplace, commuters can choose more sustainable modes of transport,
such as cycling or walking, thereby avoiding the frequent traffic congestion during peak hours, and for some,
the need to transfer between different modes of transport before reaching their company can also be
reduced. All of this can contribute to a reduction of commuting time.

Others, however, believe that this approach may not be the most effective to reduce the commuting
time.The first argument is that the property price in the central area of any city tends to be prohibitive, and
the exorbitant rent also deters many migrant workers from living downtown. This means even though these
facilities such as gardens and parks in the center of a city are removed, there is little likelihood that people
can afford to move close to where they work. Their commuting time thus will not necessarily be
reduced. Another reason against the proposal is the space in the downtown area is limited. With the
construction of more residential buildings and a huge influx of people into the downtown area, more

38
vehicles will run on the road and the city center thus can be more congested, which is likely to cause severe
traffic congestion. For those who rely heavily on private vehicles or public buses, they may spend more time
on the road.

In my opinion, a simple removal of gardens and parks in the downtown area may theoretically help reduce
commuting time, but in reality, this is very likely to be futile due to the prohibitive property price and rent, as
well as the potential for increased congestion.Instead, a more sustainable and effective solution would be to
invest in improving public transportation infrastructure.

范文 5 （双边讨论类----保护濒危语言）
Several languages are in danger of extinction because they are spoken by very small numbers of
people. Some people say that governments should spend public money on saving these languages,
while others believe that would be a waste of money.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Critics of this proposal argue that these language preservation projects can be financially draining. For
example, comprehensive language revitalization programs, which may include creating educational
materials, training teachers, and establishing community initiatives, require significant funding. The cost
can escalate quickly, diverting funds from other critical areas such as healthcare, education, and
infrastructure. Furthermore, this investment is unlikely to have a major impact on minority groups either.
Indigenous populations, particularly the younger generation, aspire to migrate to urban centers and
integrate into the modern workforce. They would rather learn the most useful language and integrate
with the dominant national culture. This shift in lifestyle preferences indicates a possible decline in the
practical utility of minority languages, further questioning the return on investment in their preservation.

However, contrary to the above viewpoint, I would argue that the necessity of language preservation is
underscored by the intrinsic value each language holds. Every language reflects a unique perspective of
the world, embodying the cultural diversity and heritage of its people. The Navajo language serves as a
prime example of this. The language's structure, vocabulary, and rhythm offer insights into the
community's relationship with their environment. It is not only a means of communication but also a
repository of the Navajo nation's history, traditions, and knowledge about the natural world. All these
valuable traits cannot be precisely translated into another language and will likely never be resurrected if
the Navajo language dies out.

In conclusion, despite the financial challenges, the preservation of minority languages is imperative for
upholding cultural diversity and heritage, aspects of human existence that are as crucial as any tangible
economic benefit. Governments,therefore, have a justifiable role in supporting these preservation efforts,
ensuring that the voices and stories of all communities are heard and remembered for generations to
come.

范文 6 （同不同意类---- 针对儿童的广告是否应该被禁止）
Some people believe that there should be a ban on television advertisements aimed at children.

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To what extend do you agree or disagree?

Currently, many advertisements on television are aimed at children, promoting a wide range of products
including toys, food, music, films and clothing to a younger audience. Their air times are often subtly
arranged to be immediately before, during. or soon after TV programmes specifically geared towards
children, such as cartoons and animations. Some people believe that these advertisements ought to be
banned. Personally, I totally agree with this view.

Two main facts have made me believe that TV advertisements aimed at children should be banned. First,
it is unethical to target children with advertisements. Unlike adults who often simply choose to turn off
the TV or change channels when bombarded with advertisements, children are not mature enough to
distinguish advertising from actual TV programmes. As a result, they are not yet able to stay away from
the influence advertisements have on them. Also, because of their naivety,children can hardly make a
sensible and well-informed judgement regarding the products advertised to them, such as realising that
certain features and functions of the products being advertised on TV have actually been greatly
exaggerated. In short, advertising aimed at children is immoral and unfair.

In addition, advertising specifically to children can create tension between parents and children, and
negatively affect children’s mental well-being.Children have little or no money of their own, and therefore
will have to ask their parents to buy the advertised products for them. What often happens in this
process is that children constantly nag and whine in order to pressure their parents to buy, and this can
lead to tension or even conflicts between parents and children. Also, advertising that presents products
to children as must-haves often makes children whose parents cannot afford them feel inferior to others.
This creates feelings of frustration among both parents and children, and can weaken children's
self-esteem.

In conclusion, I think governments should impose national bans on television advertisements aimed at
children. Governments should also give clear age definitions for children so that laws or regulations
concerning the matter can be effectively enforced.

范文 7 （同不同意类 --- 图书馆能否被取代）

Today it is easier to access information so libraries are no longer necessary. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?

In this modern era, the internet has revolutionized the way we access and obtain information. With an
abundance of online resources available at our fingertips, some people argue that libraries have become
obsolete. While it is true that technology has made information easily accessible, I strongly disagree with
the statement of abandoning libraries and believe they should continue to play a vital role in
contemporary society.

It is undeniable that the internet can make the information searching process more efficient, enabling us
to get a large amount of relevant information in a fairly short span. By contrast, searching in a library is

40
more time-consuming, as people not only need to spend time travelling to the library but also need to go
through books and search catalogues to finally get the information they want. However, it is crucial to
note that the authenticity of information on the Internet is not always guaranteed. Online content, often
contributed by netizens without stringent verification processes, may lack reliability. For instance,
Wikipedia, a widely-used knowledge source, allows the public to edit information without mandatory
referencing, potentially compromising the accuracy of information.

Despite the convenience of online information, libraries remain indispensable due to their unique offline
functions. Firstly, they provide a conducive learning environment for studying. Such tranquil atmosphere
fosters undisturbed focus, facilitating better academic concentration compared to the distractions such
as pop-ups and commercials that appear on the internet. At the same time, libraries often have study
rooms and group discussion areas that allow students to work collaboratively and exchange ideas with
their peers. This promotes active learning and contributes to an improved quality of education for
students.Furthermore, libraries serve as cultural venues open to the public, hosting activities and
exhibitions that enrich society's spiritual civilization. For instance, certain libraries curate art exhibitions
to nurture the public's appreciation of artistic expression, while others organize cultural celebrations
showcasing music,dance and theater performances.

In conclusion, we can accumulate the fact that libraries are still very essential even in modern life and
cannot be replaced by the Internet. (简要概括版)

In conclusion, while the internet brings efficiency, libraries offer a distinct and irreplaceable value,
providing a conducive learning environment and contributing to the enrichment of culture. Therefore, in
the contemporary era, libraries remain an essential and integral part of our lives, complementing the
online world rather than being replaced by it. （综合总结版）

范文 8（同不同意类 --- 博物馆能否被取代）

In the past, important knowledge about culture and history was stored in museums. Nowadays,
information is freely available on the Internet; therefore, there is no longer any need for
museums. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Valuable cultural heritage and historical objects are collected and preserved in museums, but such
information and exhibitions can be accessed on the Internet, so some people claim that the
existence of museums is not necessary in the contemporary society. In my opinion, although culture
and history can be digitalized and appreciated through online platforms, physical museums are still
vital and needed.

Admittedly, cultural relics and works of art digitalized and exhibited on the internet bring considerable
benefits to audiences. Due to advanced imaging and information technologies, audiences from
different backgrounds can access virtual exhibitions to see art and historical objects without time and
geographical restrictions, and they can clearly see details of the relics conveyed in digital
photographs and video exhibitions , providing them with multiple choices of enriching their collective

41
understanding of the past. Apart from that, electronic equipment can store an abundance of data and
can connect to the internet for more updated information. Hence, anyone with an internet connection
can digitally retrieve cultural and historical resources from around the world. This promotes
cross-cultural understanding and facilitates the sharing of diverse perspectives and narratives about
culture and history.

Nevertheless, physical museums continue to be vital in the information era for their unique ability to
provide educational, immersive, and socially engaging experiences that foster learning, connection,
and appreciation of culture and history. To begin with, most regional and national museums are
funded by governments to refurbish cultural facilities to integrate them into the local compulsory
education system to preserve culture and heritage, passing along a state’s unique character and
traditions to future generations of citizens. Viewing original artifacts in person allows visitors,
especially students, to evoke a sense of national pride and connection to the past that digital
reproductions may not fully convey. In addition to those, visiting physical museums enables visitors
to observe the details of the works, such as paintings, sculptures, and relics, from all angles,
providing them with a comprehensive approach to appreciating the historical objects and artworks.

In conclusion, the merits of interacting with culture and history through online museums cannot be
denied, but the perspective that public museums are unnecessary nowadays is superficial as these
places offer a more impressive experience of bonding with the past.

范文 9 （同不同意类 --- 犯罪话题之警察带枪）

Some people believe that the police force carries guns, it will encourage higher levels of
violence in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree？

In some parts of the world, policemen can carry guns on duty, but in some other areas, the police are
routinely unarmed. In my opinion, carrying guns seems to be a reasonable arrangement, but
sometimes it increases the numbers of violent crimes.

Armed police can have a greater deterrent effect on potential criminals and thus increase community
safety. Those who intend to commit crimes may give up their evil intentions, knowing that armed
policemen are patrolling on the street. Also, in case of emergency, guns give the police an advantage
in fighting against criminals and enable policemen to better defend themselves and protect the
general public. An example is that in some areas where drug trafficking is rampant, policemen need
to carry guns and get ready for possible fights at all times.

However, the police armed with guns may lead to higher levels of violence in some cases. My
concerns lie in the abuse of weapons and the loopholes of gun control. In some cities where
policemen are encouraged to use guns on duty, there are many news reports about innocent people
being shot by the police mistakenly. Some injuries and deaths could have been avoided if the police
had not fired impulsively in the action. Besides, managing the large number of guns could be a thorny
棘手的/ disturbing problem and the loss of guns could pose a threat to public security.

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Overall, it is difficult to judge whether it is right or wrong for policemen to carry guns in their routine
tasks. This depends on the specific situation of a city or a country. The important thing is to take
comprehensive measures to improve public security and arming the police is just an option when
necessary.

范文 10 （同不同意类 ---- 学本国历史与学世界历史）

It is more important for school children to learn about their local history than the world history.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some argue that it is more crucial for students to receive instruction about their regional history
rather than world history, an opinion I disagree with. I believe that world history holds equal
significance, and thus, both should be given equal coverage in the classroom.

One of the primary reasons why local history should be taught in schools is that students can
develop a sense of cultural identity. For instance, when Chinese children study the Great wall, they
will understand its historical significance in protecting the nation and the immense effort invested by
their ancestors, which fosters pride and a deep connection to their heritage. This understanding
enhances their sense of cultural connection and appreciation for their nation’s lively history.
Ignorance of local history may result in a lack of self-respect among the people, and most critically, it
can hinder the continuity of cultural traditions.

Alongside local history, however, school children should also be educated about major world events
and specific historical periods in other countries and regions.Particularly in a globalized world where
current events can have a direct impact on different regions, having an understanding of foreign
cultures and the history that shaped them can benefit students and their future. This benefit can take
the form of cultural and historical understanding, allowing students, as they enter adulthood, to
communicate more effectively with people from diverse cultures.

In conclusion, teaching local history to youngsters can assist them in forming a cultural identity and in
having a better understanding of local inhabitants’ ancestry. Simultaneously, an equal amount of time
spent educating the young about world history can provide a more well-rounded perspective on the
world. Thus, I disagree with the notion that it is more important to teach local history at the expense
of world history.

范文 11 （同不同意类---环境话题之提升油价）
Some people think it is one of the best ways to solve the environmental problems by increasing
the cost of fuels for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some feel that the optimal solution to the current environmental crisis is to raise fuel costs for various
private vehicles. In my opinion, though this would have a tangible impact, a more holistic approach is

43
advisable.

On the one hand, increasing the price of fuel would have a clearly identifiable impact. In both
developing and developed countries, private vehicles are becoming more common. More expensive
fuel costs would discourage individuals from taking long trips and encourage them to seek alternative
modes of transport such as walking, riding a bicycle, sharing transportation, and using public
transportation. The average family that struggles to pay their bills every month might then decide to
stay home rather than take a short trip on weekends if the cost of travel outweighs the potential
enjoyment. Governments would be able to clearly chart the effects produced by these taxes and
adjust them accordingly.

On the other hand, a wide variety of measures that do not target less affluent segments of society
would have a greater effect. A single remedy is unlikely to produce the desired result as the majority
of middle and upper class citizens would not be deterred by minor taxes. Instead, governments
should consider all the relevant environment issues ranging from deforestation and single-use
plastics to fossil fuel consumption in industry and the methane released in factory farming. To truly
and sustainably counter these issues, governments will need to employ a variety of tactics that will
likely include not only taxes but also regulations and various educational initiatives. The tackling of a
single cause, such as the fuel used in private vehicles, will have marginal impact at best.

In conclusion, despite tangible results that a tax might engender, governments should opt for a more
comprehensive environmental policy. This is a pressing issue and requires a nuanced, long-term
approach.

范文 12 （同不同意类----青少年犯罪与成人同罚）
Some people believe that young people who commit crimes should be punished in the same
way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Juvenile delinquency is becoming increasingly common in many countries and how to prevent it has
long been a topic of debate. In my opinion, young criminals should be punished by law, but their age
and the root cause of this problem should also be considered.

Punishing teenage criminals in the same way as adults seems to be reasonable from the perspective
of victims and their relatives. This policy can also prevent youth crimes, considering the deterrent
effect on teenagers with evil intentions. However, equal punishment regardless of age is not
consistent with the customary practice in most countries and violates the principle of justice.

Adolescence is a special period, in which people tend to be immature and rebellious, without
self-control or the ability to judge right from wrong. When they grow up to adults, many of them
would come to realize how silly they were and then become law-abiding citizens. Therefore, it is
justified to mitigate the punishment when dealing with young criminals, since their damage to society
is not as serious as that of adult criminals.

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 In addition, if we look into the underlying causes of juvenile delinquency, it is the family and social
environment that should be primarily responsible for this problem. In many families, parents are too
busy to supervise children’s growth, or their permissiveness encourages children’s wrong behavior.
TV programs and video games inundated with violence also contribute to increasing youth crimes.
With these factors taken into consideration, it seems unjustified to treat young criminals in the same
way as adults.

Overall, young offenders should be punished by law, particularly when their crimes pose a threat to
the security of society. However, the minors’ rights need to be protected and the punishment on
them should be different from that on adults.

范文 13（报告类-----犯罪话题之青少年犯罪原因与解决措施）
It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime can be attributed to violence in the media.
Do you think it is the reason for the growth in the rate of juvenile crime? What solutions can
you offer to deal with this situation?

According to some people, the increase in the rate of crimes committed by teenagers is due to their
exposure to violence showcased in movies, TV shows and other video games. While I admit that /
agree with the view that brutality depicted in media can contribute to this problem, lack of family
support also plays a role. There are several measures that can be taken to deal with juvenile crime.

Firstly, I think the reason why some minors commit crime is that they are heavily influenced by the
violence shown in films or TV serials and do not understand the consequences. In other words, they
believe that this behavior makes them popular in school or college; however, they do not understand
the legality of such offence while committing one. Secondly, this problem is also compounded by the
lack of family care or supervision. When parents fail to understand the needs or wants of their
children and refuse to fulfil their needs or give them a monthly allowance, children may retaliate by
engaging in activities such as shop lifting or stealing. Consequently, in the long run, this behavior can
lead to bigger crimes involving drugs, kidnapping, or murders.

There are two effective solutions to address the growing problems of child crime. One way to tackle
this issue is to censor violence in media. This will reduce their exposure to such activities and not
instigate them in some ways. Providing proper care is another measure that can be taken to tackle
this issue. This requires understanding the needs of young people and providing them proper
guidance from time to time. Moreover, it is essential for parents to monitor their child’s activities and
also show constant support wherever required. In extreme cases, children should also be provided
with counselling and rehabilitation therapy.

In conclusion, by restricting entry to violent movies and providing necessary support and guidance
during childhood, parents and governments can reduce incidences of juvenile crime to a greater
extent.

范文 14 (报告类---保护老建筑)
Some people think certain old buildings are worth preserving more than other ones. What types of

45
old buildings should be preserved? Do you think the advantages of preserving old buildings
outweigh the disadvantages?

The preservation of old buildings has been a topic of debate in various societies. Some individuals argue
that specific old structures hold more cultural and historical significance than others, and therefore, they
should be given priority for preservation. This essay will discuss the types of old buildings that
should be preserved and evaluate whether the advantages of preserving such structures
outweigh the disadvantages.报告题万能开头

Certain old buildings deserve preservation due to their exceptional historical, architectural, or cultural
value. First and foremost, iconic landmarks that define the identity of a city or a nation should be given
utmost priority. These landmarks represent the historical heritage and cultural identity of the region. For
instance, structures，such as the Eiffel Tower in Paris or the Great Wall of China, hold immense
cultural significance and draw tourists from all over the world. Additionally, historical buildings
associated with significant events or famous personalities should also be preserved because these
structures provide invaluable insights into the past and help individuals get a better understanding of their
roots. Buildings like the White House in the United States or the Taj Mahal in India are prime examples
of such historical monuments.

Preserving old buildings yields numerous advantages. Firstly,old building can reveal the true essence and
character of a culture and its people, reflecting their traditional values, beliefs, and customs in the past.
When people witness their historical heritage being protected and celebrated, they develop a stronger
bond with their culture and roots. This, in turn, promotes a sense of pride and national unity. Secondly,
preserved old buildings can also serve as tourist attractions, which has a positive impact on the economy.
Tourism drives consumption of goods and services，leading to a surge in employment opportunities in
hospitality and related industries for the local community, thereby generating revenue and stimulating
economic growth.While the preservation of old buildings brings about several benefits, there are some
potential drawbacks to consider. In modern times, some old structures may lack amenities or
infrastructure required to meet contemporary needs, such as ventilation system and fire-fighting
equipment, posing challenges in their adaptation for practical use.

In conclusion, specific old buildings, such as iconic landmarks and historically significant structures,
should be prioritized for preservation due to their cultural, historical, and architectural value. The
advantages of preserving these buildings, including fostering a sense of identity and boosting tourism, far
outweigh the disadvantages related to financial costs and challenges in modernization. 开头段使用了套
路句子，结尾段就需要把文章中心内容总结一下

范文 15 （报告类 --- 生活消费）

More and more people want to buy famous brands of clothes, cars and other items. What are
the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

Surveys show that more and more people have a tendency to buy goods of famous brands. In this essay,

46
I will analyze some possible reasons behind this phenomenon and the effect of this trend.

The first reason is that many branded products are manufactured by large companies, who usually have
a greater budget to hire popular singers and movie stars to endorse their products. Many consumers
choose famous brands just because they admire these celebrities. It is believed that people would feel
closer to their idols when they use these products. Another factor is perhaps the consumers’ sense of
vanity, which is considered as human nature. Using famous brands is a symbol of taste and social status.
Some people spend a considerable amount of money on branded clothes, shoes, cosmetics, etc. and
even those who cannot really afford to buy these products also follow the fashion.

Buying famous brands can give consumers a better experience and decent life. Famous brands usually
have better quality and can last longer. However, this lifestyle also has negative impacts. As most
branded products are more expensive, it means consumers have to spend more money in order to cover
their living costs, which causes an economic burden on ordinary families. What is worse is that this trend
may encourage people to compete over material things, leading to a waste of goods and the wrong
conception of consumption. People tend to pursue a better material life and take everything for granted.

Overall, in this materialistic society, using famous brands is a personal choice and consumers have the
right to decide what to buy. However, considering its possible negative influences, I think this trend
should not be encouraged.

范文 16（同不同意类 ---- 社会话题之女性参军）

Some people believe that women should not be allowed to serve in the armed forces. To what
extent do you agree or disagree ?

In some countries, women are not allowed to join the army. This has caused great controversy
among the general public, especially among human rights organisations and feminist groups.
Personally,I strongly believe that women are entitled to the right to serve in the armed forces.

The policy that prohibits women from serving in the army openly discriminates against women. As
long as one is physically and mentally qualified for a position in the army, one ’ s gender is not
relevant to the subject at hand.Those supporting such a policy often mention that women who serve
in the army cannot meet the bar set for the positions, but this kind of thinking is simply a biased view
towards what women are capable of. In fact,modern warfare demands technical expertise and
decision-making skills more than pure brute strength. In this regard, women are just as competent as
men are and can in certain cases outperform men.

In addition, having a mixed-gender army by allowing women to join the armed forces keeps a
country's military strong. In many countries around the world,military forces are troubled by falling
recruitment and recruit retention rates. Widening the applicant pool for army positions by allowing
women to serve would effectively guarantee more willing recruits. In particular, women are in general
more patient and have better interpersonal skills than men do, and therefore are more likely to excel
in the fields of intelligence gathering, medical assistance, and dispute mediation. Allowing women to

47
 serve in the army thus would expand the pool of talent suited for these types of jobs.

In conclusion, allowing women to serve in the army safeguards women's equal rights relative to those
of men, allows a larger pool of talent for the military to choose from, and ultimately makes the army
more competitive.I definitely believe that women ought to be allowed to serve in the armed forces.

范文 17 （同不同意类 ---- 社会话题之男女做家务）

In many countries today, both men and women need to work full time. Therefore, some people
think men and women should share household tasks equally (e g. cleaning and looking after
children). To what extent do you agree or disagree?

A growing number of women enter the workforce and have full-time jobs, but it seems they still need to
be responsible for most of housework at home. I think this should be changed and men and women
should share the housework.

For many full-time female employees, household chores take up most of their spare time and sometimes
affect their work, which put them in a disadvantageous position in the workplace. This also leads to
gender discrimination against women when they apply for jobs. This problem could be solved if men can
get more involved in housework at home, giving more time to women to pursue their careers.

Moreover, a shared responsibility for household tasks sets a positive example for future generations.
Children raised in an environment where both parents actively participate in domestic duties are likely to
develop a more egalitarian mindset. This, in turn, contributes to breaking down traditional gender
stereotypes, fostering a society that values fairness and equality.

However, it is essential to acknowledge that the feasibility of equally sharing household tasks may be
influenced by different factors.Quantifying the specific division of housework that husband and wife
should undertake is challenging. Also, men and women have different strengths and families vary in
terms of their situations.Therefore, we should encourage men to take more responsibilities for household
tasks, but it does not mean that housework should be split in half and assigned to husband and wife
equally.

In conclusion, to promote gender equality and provide better family education for children, men and
women should share housework and take the family’s responsibilities together.

范文 18 （双边讨论类 ---- 捐钱给慈善机构与直接救助周边人）

Some people prefer to provide direct help and support to those in local communities. Others,
however, prefer to donate money to national and international charitable organisations. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.

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Nowadays, more and more people have realised that they have a moral obligation to offer a helping hand
to those who are less privileged in society. However, they do not agree on how best this help should be
delivered.

Some people prefer to donate money to national or international charitable organisations, and they have
their own reasons for doing this. National and international charitable organisations, such as Oxfam and
Doctors Without Borders are typically large, having an extensive operation network throughout a
particular country or around the globe. They are good at identifying those who need help the most
urgently, and can direct their resources accordingly to prevent suffering and save lives. In addition, being
large in size means that national and international charitable organisations have more bargaining power
when dealing with local and regional authorities whose co-operation is essential in delivering aid. Having
a large-scale operation also means that when buying foods, clothing, vaccines and medicine, these
entities can engage in bulk purchasing and demand very low prices from suppliers, thus making the best
use of precious aid money.

However, there are others who much prefer providing direct help and support to those in their local
communities, and their rationale is justified. Individuals from the same community often share the same
culture, language, customs and lifestyle, and they tend to feel much more connected to each other than
to someone living hundreds or even thousands of miles away. Therefore, it is only natural that a lot of
people choose to directly donate money and give help to others from their own community, rather than
through a charity. Also, offering direct help to others from the same community means that individual
donors are in a better position to track if and how their donation has made an impact on the lives of the
people they intend to help. This greatly improves the transparency of the whole process, and gives
donor individuals a great sense of pride and satisfaction when they can personally witness positive
changes take place as a result of their good deeds.

In conclusion, both approaches can help deliver help to those in need. I think it is up to an individual to
choose the approach that he or she prefers when trying to help other people.

范文 19 （双边讨论类 --- 高薪问题）

In many countries, a small number of people earn extremely high salaries. Some people believe
that this is good for the country, but others think that governments should not allow salaries
above a certain level. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

People have different views about whether governments should introduce a maximum wage. While in
some ways it may seem reasonable to allow people to earn as much as companies are willing to pay, I
personally believe that employee remuneration should be capped at a certain level.

There are various reasons why it might be considered beneficial to allow people to be paid extremely
high salaries. If companies offer excellent pay packages, they can attract the most talented people in
their fields to work for them. For example, technology companies like Google are able to employ the
best programmers because of the huge sums that they are willing to pay. Furthermore, these well-paid

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employees are likely to be highly motivated to work hard and therefore drive their businesses
successfully. In theory, this should result in a thriving economy and increased tax revenues, which
means that paying high salaries benefits everyone.

However, I agree with those who argue that there should be a maximum wage. By introducing a limit
on earnings, the pay-gap between bosses and employees can be reduced. Currently, the difference
between normal and top salaries is huge, and this can demotivate workers who feel that the situation
is unfair. With lower executive salaries, it might become feasible to introduce higher minimum wages,
and everybody would be better off. One possible consequence of greater equality could be that
poverty and crime rates fall because the general population will experience an improved standard of
living.

In conclusion, it seems to me that it would be better, on balance, for governments to set a limit on the
wages of the highest earners in society.

范文 20（报告类 ---- 抽象话题之野心）

Some people think that being ambitious is a good quality. How important is ambition for being
successful in life? Is it a positive or negative development?

Ambition is often regarded as a commendable quality, a driving force for success in life. While
ambition can drive individuals to achieve their goals, its negative effects are more obvious.

Ambition is widely regarded as an important quality for achieving success in life. To begin with, it is a
strong desire to accomplish tasks and the drive to succeed. Without ambition, individuals may
lack motivation and the determination necessary to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals.
Ambitious individuals are more likely to set high goals and work towards them ,leading to personal growth
and development in life. Moreover, ambition can also help individuals to develop essential skills such as
focus , determination and perseverance.These skills can lead to increased productivity, resilience, and
creativity. Therefore, ambition is a vital ingredient for success, but it is important to balance it with other
values such as ethics and well-being to achieve sustainable and fulfilling success.

In my opinion, ambition can have negative consequences when it is taken to an extreme. When
individuals become overly focused on achieving their goals, they may neglect other important aspects of
their lives such as relationships, personal well-being, and ethical considerations. This can lead to burnout,
stress, and a lack of fulfillment. Moreover, when ambition is pursued at any cost, individuals may engage
in unethical or immoral behaviors, such as cheating, lying, or stepping on others to get ahead. This can
damage relationships and lead to a negative reputation. In extreme cases, ambition can lead to greed and
a desire for power, causing harm to others and society as a whole.

In conclusion, while ambition plays a pivotal role in driving individuals toward success，excessive or
misguided ambition can result in negative consequences.

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话题词伙一 技能类短语

发展他们的技能 develop/improve / boost their skills

团队合作能力 teamwork skills
解决问题的能力 problem-solving skills
学习和思考能力 learning and thinking skills
提高他们的学术技能 improve their academic skills
提高他们的生活技能 improve their life skills
发展独立思考的能力 develop independent thinking skills / critical thinking
深化他们对于....的理解 deepen their understanding of ....
获得实践经验 gain practical experience
树立自信 build their self-confidence
形成良好的学习习惯 develop good learning habits
更有创意 have more creative ideas
发挥他们的潜能 achieve their potential
激发他们的想象力 encourage their imagination
与同学密切合作 work / cooperate closely with their classmates
为就业做好准备 prepare for employment
进入就业市场 enter job market
提高就业能力 increase their employability
帮助他们为将来的人生做好准备 prepare them well for later life
有更多就业就会 have more job opportunities
有竞争优势 have a competitive edge
实现工作和生活的平衡 achieve a work-life balance
丰富知识 enrich one’s knowledge
开阔视野 expand one’s horizons ；have a broader view of life; gain a deep insight into the world
参加课余活动 take part in extracurricular / after-school activities
理论用于实践 put theory into practice ; apply theoretical knowledge to practice

话题词伙二 效率类短语

让学习变得高效 make learning more efficient

更高效地沟通与合作 communicate and cooperate more efficiently
提高他们的效率 increase / improve their efficiency 提高生产率 boost productivity
促进经济的增长 boost economic growth
提升它们（企业、机构等）的公众形象 boost their public image
提升学生们的学业表现 boost students’ academic performance
提升员工们的工作表现 boost employees’ job performance
增强他们的动力 increase their motivation
减少干扰 reduce distractions
充分利用他们的时间 make the best use of their time
是对他们时间对浪费 is a waste of their time
让我们的生活变得更方便、更舒适 make our lives more convenient and comfortable

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高科技的设备 high-tech equipment
可以节省人力的设备 labour-saving equipment
让交通变得高效 make traffic more efficient
改善公共交通服务 improve public transport services
升级道路系统 upgrade road system
提供最新的新闻和资讯 provide the latest news and information
让国家变得更有竞争力 make the country more competitive
导致劳动力短缺 lead to / cause labour shortage

话题词伙三 权利类短语
给他们更多的自由 give them more freedom 限制他们的自由 restrict their freedom
丰富他们的选择 increase their choices 减少他们的选择 reduce
一个自由、公正的社会 a free and fair society
给孩子们提供更丰富的娱乐选择 provide children with more entertainment choices
给人们提供更多的就业机会 provide people with more job opportunities
给青少年提供多种多样的有教育作用的活动 provide teenagers with a wide range of educational activities
为人民提供多种多样的文化活动 provide people with a wide range of cultural activities
应免于受到政府的干涉 should be free from government intervention
有更加灵活的时间安排 have more flexible schedule
有一份稳定的收入来源 have a steady source of income
员工福利 employee benefits 医疗保险 health insurance 带薪休假 paid holiday
感觉受到尊重和重视 feel respected and valued 受到平等对待 are treated fairly
建立社会保障体系 establish social security
提高员工们的工作满意度 increase employees’ job satisfaction
促进性别平等 promote/boost gender equality
有平等的就业和升职机会 have equal opportunities for employment and promotion
侵犯他们的隐私 violate their privacy

话题词伙四 责任类短语
教给孩子良好的行为举止 teach their children good behaviour
教孩子明辨是非 teach them the difference between right and wrong
好榜样 good / positive role models 坏榜样 negative role models
给他们支持和建议 give them advice and support
帮助他们发挥自己的潜能 help them to achieve their potential
工作的家长们生活忙碌 working parents lead a busy lifestyle
感觉和他们的家人缺少沟通 feel disconnected from their family
实现工作和家庭之间的平衡 achieve a work-family balance
对他们对工作很有责任感 have a strong sense of responsibility towards their work
照看年迈的父母 look after their elderly parents
满足某人的需求 meet one’s needs
增进亲情 strengthen family bonds
（父母双方）共同分担培育孩子的责任 share parenting responsibilities
通过立法来.... introduce laws to... regulate + 宾语 指对某事物进行严格的监督监管

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创造就业 create jobs / create employment opportunities
减少贫困 reduce poverty 减少社会不公 reduce social inequality
履行他们的工作职责 fulfil their job responsibility
是长期有效的解决方案 is a long-term solution 是一项短视的政策 is a short-sighted policy
促进公平的竞争 promote fair competition
提供可靠的信息 provide reliable information
举办大型宣传活动以鼓励人们去 run campaigns to encourage people to

话题词伙五 环境类短语
破坏环境 damage the environment 产生垃圾和污染 create waste and pollution
污染环境 pollute the environment 导致健康问题 cause health problem
交通污染 traffic pollution 控制汽车的数量 control the number of cars
加剧气候变化 contribute to climate change 加剧全球变暖 contribute to global warming
过度依赖化石燃料 rely too much on fossil fuels
减少人们对汽车的依赖 reduce people’s dependence on cars
鼓励人们购买环保型的产品 encourage people to buy eco-friendly products
研发更清洁的能源 develop cleaner energy
增加对自然资源的需求 increase the demand for natural resources
实现可持续发展 achieve sustainable development
人口的快速增长 rapid population growth
对...构成压力 put pressure on....
履行他们对环境对义务 fulfil their environmental responsibilities
对垃圾进行妥善处理 treat their waste properly
坚持环保的生活方式 lead eco-friendly lifestyle
通过立法来保护环境 introduce laws to protect the environment
对污染环境的公司进行罚款 fine companies that pollute the environment
为可再生能源的研究提供资助 give financial support to research on renewable energy
创立更多的野生动植物保护区 create more wildlife reserves

话题词伙六 健康类短语
保持健康的生活方式 lead a healthy lifestyle
提高人们的健康意识 raise people’s health awareness
增进健康和幸福感 improve their health and well-being
保持健康均衡的饮食结构 have a healthy and balanced diet
过着快节奏的生活 lead a fast-paced lifestyle
过着缺乏运动/久坐不动的生活方式 lead a sedentary lifestyle
对儿童构成健康方面的风险 pose health risks to children
对医疗体系构成压力 put pressure on the healthcare system
减轻压力和焦虑 reduce stress and anxiety
增进他们的心理健康 improve their emotional health
带给他们一种成就感 give them a sense of achievement
人口老龄化加重纳税人的负担 the ageing population increases the burden on taxpayers
在学业中承受很大的压力 are under great pressure with their studies

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面对激烈的就业竞争 face tough competition for jobs
花费太多时间上网 spend too much time online
过度依赖网络 rely too much on the internet / become overly dependent on the internet
对社交网络上瘾 are addicted to social websites
人们批评现代社会 people criticize modern society
有很多显而易见的方法去帮助 there are obvious ways to help
对快餐广告进行严格的监督 regulate fast food advertising

话题词伙七 财务类短语

Consumer society 崇尚消费的社会

冲动购物 buy things on impulse
消费文化的受害者 victim of consumer culture
购物成为了一个爱好甚至是上瘾 shopping has become a hobby or even an addition
人们也许被说服去买最流行的产品
people may be persuaded to purchase the latest products
增加对消费品对整体需求 increase the demand for consumer goods
有更高的消费水平 have a higher standard of living
形成良好的消费习惯 develop good spending habits
管理好他们的财务 manage their money well
缩小贫富差距 narrow the gap between rich and poor
减少收入不平等的现象 reduce income inequality
面对财务上的困难 face financial difficulties
加重纳税人的负担 increase the burden on taxpayers
获得很高的利润 make large profits
受利益驱动 are driven by profit
为....提供资助 give financial support to....
改善人们的生活水平 improve people’s standard of living
提高法定退休年龄 raise the retirement age
有其他更需关注的问题 have more important concerns
(政府)应加大对...的资金投入 should increase spending on ....
(政府)对...征税 impose taxes on...
（旅游，产业，体育产业等）是政府税收的重要来源 is an important source of government tax revenue
为当地经济做出贡献 contribute to the local economy
抢走当地人们的就业机会 take away jobs from local people
导致当地的企业很难生存 drive local companies out of business
为当地经济做出贡献 contribute to the local economy
(游客们) 消费当地的商品与服务 spend money on local goods and services

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话题词伙八 安全类短语

降低犯罪率 reduce crime rates

威胁人们的安全 threaten people’s safety / pose a threat to
减少这种行为 deter this behaviour
改造罪犯 reform criminals
给他们严厉的惩罚 give them harsh punishment
盗取用户名和密码信息 steal username and password information
从根本上解决犯罪问题 address the root cause of crime
为他们提供职业培训和就业指导 provide them with vocational training and career guidance
成为守法的公民 become good citizens who obey the law
成为有价值的社会成员 become useful members of society
频繁地接触到媒体里的暴力内容 are frequently exposed to media violence
青少年犯罪在增长 youth crime is on the increase
不会分辨真实生活和幻想之间的区别 can not tell the difference between real life and fantasy
违反交通规则 break traffic rules
Involve high costs 涉及高昂费用 Involve high risks 涉及很高的风险
威慑危险的驾驶行为 deter dangerous driving 保卫国家安全 protect national security

话题词伙九 文化类短语

保护他们的文化传承 protect their heritage

Feel disconnected from.... （某类人）感到自己与....相脱节
理解并欣赏文化差异 understand and appreciate cultural differences
对待文化差异更宽容 are more tolerant of cultural differences
有不同的价值观和生活方式 have different values and lifestyles
接触到不同的语言 are exposed to different languages
促进和平与理解 promote peace and understanding 建立理解和信任 build understanding and trust
借鉴其他国家的经验 draw on other countries’ experience
让沟通与合作变得更加容易 make communication and cooperation easier
通过立法来保护具有历史意义的建筑 introduce laws to protect historic buildings
美化一个城市的外观 improve the appearance of a city
让老房子适应现代生活的需要 adapt old buildings to meet modern needs
这些重要景点的维护 the maintenance of these important buildings
把艺术带入人们的日常生活里 bring art into people’s everyday life
建设积极的企业文化 build a positive company culture
(员工们)辛勤的工作获得回报 are rewarded for hard work

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话题词伙十 乐趣类短语

在一个虚拟的世界里 in a virtual world

导致社交孤立 lead to social isolation
是一种很好的休闲活动 is a good leisure activity
是趣味和乐趣的重要来源之一 is an important source of fun and enjoyment
是既有知识性又有娱乐性的 are educational and entertaining
激发他们对于....的兴趣 encourage their interest in....
在网络上与朋友们互动交流 interact with their friends online
形成亲密的友谊 form close friendships
便于携带而且便于使用的 are portable and easy to use
可以获取更多的信息 have access to more information
遇到紧急情况时可以迅速获得帮助 can get help quickly in an emergency
保持他们的（工作或学习）动力 keep them motivated
人们会感到有动力去努力工作 people feel more motivated to work hard
选择他们真正感兴趣的事业发展方向 choose career paths that really interest them
感到无聊和缺乏动力 feel bored and unmotivated
探索当地文化 explore the local culture
体验不同的风俗和传统 experience different customs and traditions
获得对当地文化更深入对了解 gain a better understanding of the local culture

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