Scribd
Upload
59 views

AP - and - GP

Uploaded by

Aditya Anand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views

AP - and - GP

Uploaded by

Aditya Anand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Arithmetic

Progression (AP) &


Geometric
Progression (GP)

Understanding Sequences
Introduction to Sequences

• A sequence is like a queue of people waiting in line, and the


position of each person matters.
• A sequence is an ordered list of numbers (or objects) that follow
a specific pattern or rule.
• Each element in the sequence is called a term.
For example, the sequence of even numbers:
2,4,6,8,10,…
Finite and Infinite Sequences

Finite sequence: A sequence Infinite sequence: A


that has a limited number of sequence that continues
terms. indefinitely.
Example: 1,2,3,4,5 Example: 1,2,3,4,5,…
Common type of Sequences
Arithmetic sequence/ Arithmetic progression: A sequence where each term
is obtained by adding a constant value (called the common difference) to the
previous term.
Example: 5,8,11,14,… (common difference = 3).

Geometric sequence/ Geometric progression: A sequence where each term is


obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant value (called the
common ratio).
Example: 3,6,12,24,… (common ratio = 2).

Note: Given a term, you can write the next term in each of the lists
Arithmetic Progression (AP)

• So, an arithmetic progression is a list of numbers in which each


term is obtained by adding a fixed number to the preceding term
except the first term.
• This fixed number is called the common difference of the AP.
Remember that it can be positive, negative or zero.
• General form of AP is
• a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, ...
AP Cont…
Now to know about an AP, we need to know its first term a and common
difference d.

For instance if the first term a is 6 and the common difference d is 3, then
the AP is

6, 9,12, 15, . . .

and if a is 6 and d is – 3, then the AP is

6, 3, 0, –3, . . .
Questions

1. What is the first term a and common


difference d of the AP
3 1 1 3
, .− ,− ,.....
2 2 2 2

2. Which of the following list of numbers


form an AP? If they form an AP, write
the next two terms :
A. 4,10,16,22,…
B. -2,2,-2,2,….
Formula for the nth Term of an
AP

• Formula: aₙ = a + (n - 1)·d
Where,
a: First term
d: Common difference
n: Number of terms
Questions
3. Find the 10th term of the AP 2,7,12,….

4. Which term of the AP : 21, 18, 15, . . . is – 81? Also, is any term 0?

5. Determine the AP whose 3rd term is 5 and the 7th term is 9.

6. How many two-digit numbers are divisible by 3?

7. Find the 11th term from the last term (towards the first term) of the AP
: 10, 7, 4, . . ., – 62.
Sum of the First n Terms of an AP

Sum of first n terms of an AP,


𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ቃ
2

If there are only n terms in AP then


𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙 ቃ
2

,where 𝑙 is the last term of AP


Questions

8. Find the sum of the first 22 terms of the


AP : 8, 3, –2, . . .
9. If the sum of the first 14 terms of an AP
is 1050 and its first term is 10, find the
20th term.
10. Find the sum of first 1000 positive
integers.
11. The first and the last terms of an AP are
17 and 350 respectively. If the common
difference is 9, how many terms are
there and what is their sum?
Arithmetic Mean
(AM)
• The arithmetic mean between two numbers a and
b is 𝑎 + .𝑏
2
Harmonic Progression
Non-zero numbers 𝑎1, 𝑎2, 𝑎3, . . . . , 𝑎𝑛, . . . are said to be in
a harmonic progression (H.P.) if 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 , . . . . . . , 𝑎1 ,…
1 2 3 𝑛

are in A.P.

The harmonic mean between two numbers a and


2𝑎𝑏
b is 𝑎 + 𝑏
1 1 1 1
nth term of the HP , ,
𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑑 𝑎 + 2𝑑
,.....,
𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
Geometric Progression (GP)
A sequence in which each term is obtained by multiplying
the previous term by a fixed, non-zero number (common
ratio).

Common Ratio (r): The constant by which consecutive


terms are multiplied

General form: a, ar, ar², ar³, ...


Formula for the nth Term of a GP

Formula: aₙ = a·r⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾
Where,
a: First term
r: Common ratio
n: Number of terms
Questions

12. Find the 6th term of a GP with first term 3, common ratio 2.
13. In a geometric progression, the 3rd term is 36, and the 5th
term is 324. Find the common ratio of the sequence.
14. The 4th term of a geometric progression is 64, and the
common ratio is 4. Find the first term of the sequence.
15. In a geometric progression, the first term is 5, the common
ratio is 3, and the last term is 1215. How many terms are
there in the sequence?
Sum of the First n Terms of a GP
Formula for sum of first n terms of a GP
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑆𝑛 = ,𝑟 ≠ 1
𝑟−1
Questions:
• Find the sum of first 5 terms of the geometric series

2 4
1 + + +. . .
3 9
• How many terms of the G.P. are needed to give the sum 3069/512?
3 3
3, , , . . .
2 4
Geometric Mean (GM)

• The geometric mean of two numbers a


and b is 𝑎𝑏
Series

• Let a1 , a2 , a3 ,…,an , be a given sequence.


Then, the expression:
a1 + a2 + a3 +,…+ an + ...
is called the series associated with the given
sequence. The series is finite or infinite
according as the given sequence is finite
or infinite. Series are often represented in
compact form, called sigma notation, using the
Greek letter ∑ (sigma) as means of
indicating the summation involved. Thus,
the series a1+ a2 + a3 + ... + an is abbreviated
as 𝑛
෍ 𝑎𝑘 = 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑘=1
Series cont…
If the sequence is an AP having n terms, then sum of
series will be the sum of first n terms of that AP.
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ቃ
2
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙 ቃ
2

Similarly, If the sequence is an GP having n terms, then


sum of series will be the sum of first n terms of that GP.
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑆𝑛 = ,𝑟 ≠ 1
𝑟−1
Questions
If for a sequence , 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑆𝑛 = 2(3𝑛 − 1) find its first four terms.

Which term of the given sequence is first negative term?


1 1 3
25,24 , 23 , 22 , . . .
4 2 4
Find the sum the series 2 + 4 + 6 + . . . up to 40 terms.

Find the sum of first 19 terms of the A.P. whose nth term is
(2 n + 1).
Find the sum of the series 1 + 3 + 5 + . . . 99.
Questions

23. Find the sum of all the three digit numbers which leave the remainder 2
when divided by 5.
24. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series is in the ratio
(7 n + 1) : (4 n + 27). Find the ratio of their 11th terms.
23. A sum of Rs. 6,240 is paid off in 30 instalments, such that each instalment
is Rs. 10 more than the preceding instalment. Calculate the value of the
first instalment.
24. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 18 and their product is 192. Find the
numbers.
25. The sum of four numbers in A.P. is 24 and product of the squares of
extremes is 729. Find the numbers.
Questions

1 1 1
28. Find the nth and the 15th term of the series: 1− + − +. . .
2 4 8

29. If the third, sixth and the last terms of a G.P. are 6, 48 and
3,072 respectively, find the first term in the G.P.

30. Three numbers whose sum is 21 are in A.P. If 2, 2, 14 are added


to them respectively, the resulting numbers are in G.P. Find the
numbers.

You might also like