School Of Computing

& Digital Tech

Calculus Course

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah

Fall 2024

1
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah
 Text Books
➢Calculus and its applications
By:
Marvin L. Bittinger, David J. Ellenbogen, and Scott A. Surgent;
10th edition

➢THOMAS’ CALCULUS;
By:
Joel Hass, Christopher Heil, Maurice D. Weir; 14th edition

➢Calculus early transcendentals; 6th edition

By:
JAMES STEWART; 6th edition

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 2

 Course Outline
-Introduction
functions and their graphs • Con. functions
• Definition of functions • The Natural Exponential Function
• Function Notation, Evaluating a function • Application of Exponents
• The Vertical Line Test of a Function • Rational Exponents (revision)
• Domain and Range • Logarithms (revision)
• Some important functions • Combining Functions
• Piecewise-Defined Functions, Absolute Value (revision), • Sums, Differences, Products, and
Linear functions Quotients
• Slope and Rate of Change • Composite Functions
• Quadratic functions, Polynomial Functions • Zeros of Functions: The Quadratic
• Power Functions, Rational Functions Formula and Factoring
• Exponential Functions, Laws of exponents (revision), • Odd and Even Functions
Logarithmic functions
• Finding maximum and minimum value
• Definition of limits
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah
3
 • Maxima or Minima
• Implicit Differentiation
Limits and their techniques • Application (Rates of Change)
• How to find a limit
• L’Hôpital’s Rule
• Techniques to calculate doesn’t exist limits
• Limit laws
• Limit techniques Integration
• Rules of Integration
• Indefinite Integral
The Derivatives • The Definite Integral
• Calculating the Derivative
• Techniques of Integration
• Differentiation Rules
• 1- Integration by Substitution
• Chain rule
• 2- Integration by Parts
• Applications of integration
• Con. The Derivatives
• Area Between Two Curves
• Higher Derivatives
• Application of Derivatives

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 4

 Evaluation
 20 marks mid-term exam

 30 marks participation, and assignments

 10 marks attendance

 40 marks final exam

 Lecture one
Functions and their graphs

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 6

RELATION
Consider the relationship between the weight of five students and their ages as shown below.
• We can represent this information as a set of ordered pairs. Age (years) Weight (kg)
An age of 10 years would correspond to a weight of 31 kg. An age of 16 10 31
years would correspond to a weight of 53 kg and so on. 12 36
• This type of information represents a relation between two sets of data. 14 48
This information could then be represented as a set of ordered pairs. 16 53
18 65
{( 10, 31), ( 12, 36), ( 14, 48), (16, 53), (18, 65)}

• The set of all first elements of the ordered pair is Summary

called the domain of the relation and is referred to
as the independent variable. The set of all second
corresponds to
elements is called the range and is referred to as the 𝑥 − value 𝑦 − value
dependent variable. defining
Domain
• For the above example, relationship Range

the domain = {10, 12, 14, 16, 18}

the range = {31, 36, 48, 53, 65} [Independent variable]
[Dependent variable]
1- Definition of functions

8
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah
 Definition of a Function
◼ A function is a relationship between two variables such that each
value of the first variable (x) is paired with exactly one value of
the second variable called f(x) or y.

◼ The domain is the set of permitted x values (inputs).

◼ The range is the set of found values of y. These can be called
images (outputs).

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 9

FUNCTION properties

❑Functions are special relations.

❑Every set of ordered pairs is a relation, but every relation is not a
function
❑Every input must have an output
❑One input can have only one output
❑Two different inputs can have the same output
❑It is NOT a function if one input has more than one output
FUNCTIONS
❑Functions All Around Us
❑Height is a function of age
❑Temperature is a function of date
❑ Cost of mailing a package is a function of weight.
Example
Which of the following relations are functions?
R= {(9,10), (-5, -2), (2, -1), (3, -9)} A function
S= {(6, a), (8, f), (6, b), (-2, p)} Not function
T= {(z, 7), (y, -5), (r, 7), (z, 0), (k, 0)} Not function

No two ordered pairs can have the same

first coordinate
(and different second coordinates).

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 12

Example
Identify the Domain and Range. Then tell if the relation is a function.
Input Output

-3 3

1 1

3 -2

4 Function?
Yes: each input is mapped
Domain = {-3, 1,3,4} onto exactly one output

Range = {-2,1,3}
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 13
Example
Identify the Domain and Range. Then tell if the relation is a function.
Input Output

-3 3

1 -2

4 1

Domain = {-3, 1,4} Notice the set notation!!!

Range = {3,-2,1,4} Function?

No: input 1 is mapped onto Both -2 & 1
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 14
(H.W 1: Now your turn: Is this a function?

1. {(2,5) , (3,8) , (4,6) , (7, 20)}

2. {(1,4) , (1,5) , (2,3) , (9, 28)}

3. {(1,0) , (4,0) , (9,0) , (21, 0)}

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 15

2- Evaluating a function

16
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah
Function Notation
f ( x) = mathematical expression

“f of x”
Input = x
Output = f(x) = y
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 17
Function Notation
Shorthand for stating that an equation is a function.
Defines the independent variable (usually x) and the
dependent variable (usually y).
y = 3x + 1 y ( x ) = 3x + 1 f ( x ) = 3x + 1
y = y(x ) = f (x )

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 18

Evaluating a Function
In the definition of a function the independent variable x plays the role of a placeholder. To
evaluate f at a number, we substitute the number for the placeholder.

Example 1

f (x ) = 2 x − 5 f( x ) = 4 x – 1 g (x) = x2 – 2x
find f(3). find f(2). find g(–3).
f (3) = 2(3) − 5 f(2) = 4(2) – 1 g(–3) = (-3)2 – 2(-3)
f (3) = 1 f( 2 ) = 8 – 1 g(–3) = 9 + 6
f( 2 ) = 7 g(–3) = 15
(3, 1)
(2, 7) (–3, 15)
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah
19
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 20
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 21
H.W 2

1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 22

How To Represent A Function

23
Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah
Representations of Functions
There are four possible ways to represent a function:
◼ verbally (by a description in words)
◼ algebraically (by an explicit formula)
◼ visually (by a graph)
◼ numerically (by a table of values)
A single function may be represented in all four ways. However, certain
functions are described more naturally by one method than by the others.

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 24

◼ An example of a verbal description is the following rule for converting
between temperature scales:
“To find the Fahrenheit equivalent of a Celsius temperature, multiply the Celsius
temperature by 95 then add 32.”

◼ An example of a algebraically description is a useful representation of the

area of a circle as a function of its radius

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 25

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 26
End of Lecture

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah 27

Dr. Marwa Abd-Allah
28