Subject: Therapeutic Interventions

Submitted to

Ma’am Samia khalid

MS Clinical Psychology

Semester 1st FALL 23

Batch (2023-2025)

Submitted by:

Qundeel Fatima ROLL # SU92-MSCP-043

Ayesha Fareed ROLL# SU92-MSCP-046

Aisha Ishaq ROLL# SU92-MSCP-003

Tanzeela Iqbal ROLL# SU92-MSCP-011

Fareeha Asif ROLL # SU92-MSCP- 087

THE SUPERIOR UNIVERISTY, CITY CAMPUS LAHORE

Table of contents

Sr#. Topics covered

1. What is autism

2. Introduction

3. Factors of Autism

4. Causes of autism spectrum

disorder

5. Treatment plan for autistic

child

6. Sleep hygiene management

7. Terms used for autism

8. Guidance for parents

What is Autism spectrum disorder

Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental difference affecting the way a person communicates

and interacts with others, how information is processed and how the person makes sense of the

world.

What is autism?

As with all people, each autistic person has their own unique profile of strengths, abilities and

challenges. For this reason, it is important that approaches to support are responsive to the

individual. There are however, some common threads underlying the autistic experience which it

can be helpful to consider when planning for support. The Scottish Government Different Minds

website was created in partnership with autistic people:

‘Autism is part of everyday life. Yet even though 1 in 100 people in Scotland are autistic, it’s

often misunderstood. Autism is a neurological difference; put simply, autistic brains work

differently to non-autistic brains.

Whilst every individual is unique, there are some core features which are common to the autistic

experience. As illustrated in the image below, these include:

▪ Communication differences

▪ Sensory differences

▪ Thinking differences

▪ Impact of Environment
If these four aspects are not appropriately supported, an autistic person can experience anxiety

and distress. For children and young people, there is a reciprocal relationship between the

autistic learner and the environment – this includes the physical environment and the people

around them. With appropriate understanding and adjustments autistic people can flourish.

Autism is not a linear scale running from ‘high functioning’ to ‘low functioning’, which are

unhelpful terms. Instead, autism varies in several different ways – sensory differences, levels of

anxiety, social skills and executive functions all vary both from person to person and from time

to time.
There are 3 levels of autism described in separate ways to identify the stages of autism spectrum

disorder.
Cognitive Theories

A number of theories have been developed to explain the autistic experience. These theories

overlap and are not mutually exclusive.

➢ They can give us clues as to how to adapt what we do to support an autistic learner.

Research is ongoing and these theories continue to be built on and refined as learning

develops.

➢ The move towards meaningfully involving autistic people in research is providing a

richer insight into the autistic experience, rather than relying on external observations

from other people.

➢ It is also important to remember that autistic learners are individuals and like the

population as a whole, will have different degrees of strengths and face challenges with

the experiences outlined in the theories below.

Autism correlate with trauma or not

➢ Here are some descriptions of autism with trauma , how autism cause trauma.
Skills of an autistic child

Skills of autistic child s compared to normal child, autistic child are more intellectual and

observant to nature.
Causes of autism spectrum disorder
Role of brain activity in autistic child
Strategies to cope up with autism spectrum disorder

➢ Love and affection is only strategic to cure an autistic child

➢ Never try to cure completely an autistic child

Truths and myths about Autism spectrum disorder.

➢ It is observed as a wrong perception that autism is an learning disability.

➢ It is a neurological disorder.
Prevalence of autism according to recent research

According to 2018 research, ratio of autism spectrum disorder has doubled.

 Other Terms used for autism

Many different terms are used to describe autism and there is no agreement within the

community of autistic people, parents/carers and families and their broader support network or

the wider community on the best term to use.

➢ Within the wider community there seems to be most consensus for the terms ‘autism’ and

also ‘on the autism spectrum’.

➢ Many autistic people have expressed a preference for ‘identity first’ language, for

example ‘autistic person’ rather than ‘person with autism’ (usually referred to as ‘person-

first’ language). Some members of the autistic community also choose to self-identify as

having Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) .

➢ The concept of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been rejected by many within

autism community because of the term ‘disorder’ conflicts with the understanding that

autism represents a difference rather than a deficit. Select the link to view a blog which

explores terminology.
Sleep hygiene management for autism

Many children with autism have difficulty with sleep. This can be stressful for children and their

families.

➢ This informational booklet is designed to provide parents with strategies to improve

sleep in their child affected by autism. The suggestions in this tool kit are based on both

research and clinical experience of sleep experts.

Strategies to Improve Sleep in Children with Autism sections include:

➢ Things to keep in mind

➢ Provide a comfortable sleep setting

➢ Establish regular bedtime habits

➢ Simple tips to a better bedtime routine

➢ Teach your child to fall asleep alone

➢ Encourage behaviors that promote

 Occupational therapy

Autism is not a disability, it’s a different ability

The aim of speech therapy for autism is to improve people’s communication abilities. However,

this is not only about learning to say words. We discuss the benefits of using speech therapy for

autistic people below.

Pre-linguistic skills

Many autistic children receive early intervention treatment. SLPs can help children develop pre-

Language skills, such as eye contact, gestures, and other vocalizations to help them

communicate.

Nonspeaking communication

Many autistic children have difficulty picking up subtle social cues in body language. SLPs can

help them recognize these physical signals.

Speech fluencey:

SLPs can also help autistic children with fluency issues, such as stuttering and cluttering. They
can help the children speak more smoothly and effortlessly.

Articulation

Speaking requires the coordination of different structures. SLPs can help autistic children have
better control and coordination or strengthen the muscles in their mouth, jaw, and neck to
produce sounds and sound patterns better.
 Speech therapy

Autism is not a tragedy.

Benefits

The aim of speech therapy for autism is to improve people’s communication abilities. However,
this is not only about learning to say words.

Pre-linguistic skills

Many autistic children receive early intervention treatment. SLPs can help children develop pre-
language skills, such as eye contact, gestures, and other vocalizations to help them communicate.

Nonspeaking communication
Many autistic children have difficulty picking up subtle social cues in body language. SLPs can
help them recognize these physical signals.

Speech fluency

SLPs can also help autistic children with fluency issues, such as stuttering and cluttering. They
can help the children speak more smoothly and effortlessly.

Articulation

Speaking requires the coordination of different structures. SLPs can help autistic children have
better control and coordination or strengthen the muscles in their mouth, jaw, and neck to
produce sounds and sound patterns better.

Grammar

Autistic children may have Trusted Source difficulties learning vocabulary compared with
neurotypical children. SLPs can help them lessen grammar mistakes and construct better.
 Physical therapy

Exercise is vital for healthy growth and development in all children, but kids with autism often
have trouble getting enough physical activity. Autism spectrum disorder (also simply known as
autism or ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts a child’s behaviour and social
And communication skills.The benefits of exercise for kids with autism As noted above, exercise
has a wide range of benefits for kids with ASD.

These include improvements in:

Behaviour – such as a reduction in repetitive and self-stimulatory behaviours

Motor skills – including skills like running, jumping, and kicking a ball

Social function – exercise programs can provide an opportunity for kids to socialise in a natural
environment

Communication skills – group programs can help kids with autism interact with others in a
relaxed setting muscle strength and physical fitness – which is important for participation in
everyday life and activities such as sports

Balance and coordination – which are also important for participation in sports, school and
community activities

Physical health and wellbeing – by supporting healthy metabolism and weight

Mental wellbeing – exercise releases chemicals which boost mood and help to relieve anxiety
and depression symptoms

Sleep – regular physical activity can enhance sleep quality and quantity