Writing task 1
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Lesson 8: Dynamic chart - Body
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Revision
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Revision
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Adjective and adverbs according to
Strong the degree of change
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Specific change
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Sentence structure
1. Adjective + noun: was + adjective + noun
-There was a slight increase in the number of unemployed people.
-There was a dramatic rise in the amount of water.
1. Verb + adverb
-The number of unemployed people increased slightly.
-The amount of water rose dramatically.
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Sentence structure
1. Adjective + noun: was + adjective + noun
-There was a slight increase in the number of unemployed people.
-There was a dramatic rise in the amount of water.
2. Verb + adverb
-The number of unemployed people increased slightly.
-The amount of water rose dramatically.
Sample sentence
Exports of rubber ducks in the USA in 2013 started at 10,000 units and then climbed to around 15,000
units. After that, export numbers levelled off until 2015 and fell slightly by 2016 to around 13,000
units. However, from 2016 to 2017 exports fell sharply to end at approximately 2,000 units.
In contrast, the proportion of rubber ducks exports from the EU stood at 30, 000 units and rose
gradually but then dipped somewhat in 2015 to 21,000 units. Subsequently, the figure grew steadily
to over 33,000 units in 2016 and peaked at 40,000 units in 2017. Likewise, in the UK exports rose
steadily every year from 2014 ending at 40,000 units in 2017.
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
Useful structure
● Starting at…, the percentage of … is higher/ smaller than… that of
- Starting at 6 million people, the number of male smokers was considerably higher than
that of females.
● The number/ percentage of … started/ began the period at
- The number of men who smoked began the period at 6 million people.
● In…, the number/ percentage of … was relatively/ significantly/ negligibly low/
high, at…
- In 1960, the number of women who used cigarettes was relatively low, at about 1
million.
● Data + verb.
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
Useful structure
● A + witness/ see + increase/decrease + data
- The amount of electricity produced rose to 6,800 in 2010.
- The amount of electricity produced saw an increase of 1,800 from 2000 to 2010,
reaching 6,800.
● Recorded
● Saw
● Observed
● Documented
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
Useful structure
● An increase + to + data + be seen/ witnessed in the number/ percentage of…
- An increase to 300 kg in 2008 was seen in the amount of coffee consumed.
● An increase + of + data + be seen/ witnessed in the number/ percentage of… from
… to…
- A drop of 400 kg was witnessed in the amount of coffee consumed from 1990 to 2008.
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
Useful structure
● There was (a/an) + adj1 + N1, followed by/ preceded by/ lead to
- There was a slight decrease, followed by a sharp growth
● S + v + adv, then + v+ more/ less + adv
- The number of cars declined slightly in 2001, then fell more sharply five years later.
● S + v + adv, V-ing, … and (then) V (Must know structure)
- The number of cars declined slightly in 2001, remaining constant five years later, and
then increased by the final year.
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
Useful structure
● A + trend 1 + and later + A + trend 2 (Dùng cho 2 trend cùng xu hướng)
- The revenue of company A rose to $50,000 in 1998 and later increased more
significantly to $70,000 in 2000.
● A + trend 1 + but later + A + trend 2 (Dùng cho 2 trend khác xu hướng)
- The revenue of company A rose to $50,000 in 1998 but later dropped to $40,000 in
2000.
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
Useful structure
● A + trend 1, before + A + trend 2
- The percentage of females in Ho Chi Minh city increased to 40% in 2008, before falling
to 30% in 2009.
● After + A + trend 1, A + trend 2.
- After increasing to 40% in 2008, the percentage of females in Ho Chi Minh city fell to
30% in 2009.
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
After that,/ Next,/ Subsequently,/ years later/ in the next … years
● A + trend 1. After that,/ Next, A + trend 2
- The proportion of spending on clothing grew to $30,000 in 1960. After that, this figure
remained unchanged until 1980.
- The proportion of spending on clothing grew to $30,000 in 1960. In the next twenty
years, this figure remained unchanged until 1980.
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
Useful structure
● Despite + trend 1 (noun/ ving), A + trend 2
- Despite a drop to 10% in 2000, the percentage of female students who participated in
the competition rose to 35% in 2010.
● Although/ Though + A + trend 1, A + trend 2
- Although/ Though the rate of female students dropped to 10% in 2000, the percentage
of female students who participated in the competition rose to 35% in 2010.
● Having + v3, + A + trend 2
- Having remained stable at 2,000 until 2008, the number of university students who lived
alone increased to 3,000 in 2010.
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Dynamic chart - Change over
time
Useful structure
● After + trend 1, A + trend 2 until + time + before A + trend 3
- After dropping to 30% in 1970, the percentage of chocolate consumed remained stable
until 1990 before it began to rise to 50% in 2010.
- After a drop to 30% in 1970, the percentage of chocolate remained unchanged until
1990 before it began to grow to 50% in 2010.
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Sample question 1
The line chart below shows the results of a survey giving the
reasons why people moved to the capital city of a country.
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Introduction - Overview
The line graph compares the drivers of people relocating to the capital of a nation from 2000 to 2020.
Overall, the number of movers for education and employment increased over the given period, while
an opposite trend was seen for migrants for family or friends and leisure.
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Body- Analysis
Always analyse the main features before writing anything!!!
Reasons 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Job 60,000 ~82,000 ~100,000 ~100,000 ~100,000
Study
Family/
Friend
Entertain
ment
Now can you fill the table for me??
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Body- Analysis
Always analyse the main features before writing anything!!!
Reasons 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Job 60,000 ~82,000 ~100,000 ~100,000 ~100,000
Study 40,000 ~38,000 20,000 40,000 ~92,000
Family/ ~30,000 ~48,000 20,000 ~15,000 ~10,000
Friend
Entertain ~10,000 ~12,000 ~18,000 ~30,000 ~4,000
ment
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Body 1
Regarding academic and professional pursuit, there was a rise from 60,000 in 2000 to over 80,000
by 2005 in the figure for career reasons, then continued to rise to nearly 100,000 by 2010 before it
started to level off until the end of the period. A similar trend was witnessed in the figure for
educational purposes. Starting at 40,000 in 2000, it decreased remarkably to 20,000 in 2010 before
surging to over 90,000 by 2020.
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Body 2
Turning to the other reasons, the number of migrants seeking out their families or friends began at
approximately 30,000 in 2000. Five years later, it reached a peak of about 48,000, followed by a
continual drop to roughly 10,000 by 2020. Finally, the figure for entertainment started at about 10,000
in 2000, tripling by 2015 then plummeted to just over 4,000 by the end.
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Full report
The line graph compares the drivers of people relocating to the capital of a nation from 2000 to 2020.
Overall, the number of movers for education and employment increased over the given period, while
an opposite trend was seen for migrants for family or friends and leisure.
Regarding academic and professional pursuit, there was a rise from 60,000 in 2000 to over 80,000
by 2005 in the figure for career reasons, then continued to rise to nearly 100,000 by 2010 before it
started to level off until the end of the period. A similar trend was witnessed in the figure for
educational purposes. Starting at 40,000 in 2000, it decreased remarkably to 20,000 in 2010 before
surging to over 90,000 by 2020.
Turning to the other reasons, the number of migrants seeking out their families or friends began at
approximately 30,000 in 2000. Five years later, it reached a peak of about 48,000, followed by a
continual drop to roughly 10,000 by 2020. Finally, the figure for entertainment started at about
10,000 in 2000, tripling by 2015 then plummeted to just over 4,000 by the end. (198 words)
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Sample 2
The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four
different modes of transport.
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Sample 2
The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four
different modes of transport.
The line graph details statistics about products delivered by four forms of transportation in the UK from 1974 to
2002. Overall, all categories witnessed an upward trend. Moreover, goods sent by roadways were consistently the
highest, and the lowest level of delivery was seen in pipeline transport.
Freight shifted by waterways and railways registered a relatively comparable amount, at nearly 40 million tonnes
each in 1974. By 1982, the figure for shipping increased moderately to roughly 58 million tonnes, followed by a
plateau for sixteen years before reaching the highest point of 60 million by the end of the period. Although the
volume of rail freight decreased markedly to approximately 25 million tonnes by 1995, it then recovered moderately
to just over 40 million in 2002.
The tonnage moved by road transport was the highest during the period. It started 1974 at about 70 million tonnes
after which it experienced a marginal growth to about 80 million tonnes over the next 20 years, then increased more
sharply to finish the period at just below 100 million tonnes.
Finally, pipeline shipments in 1974 were the lowest throughout the period. This figure began at approximately 7
million tonnes, rising noticeably to around 22 million by 1994 and maintained stability until 2002.
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Sample 3
The graph below gives information about the percentage of people living in Australia who were born in Asia,
the UK, and other regions.
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Sample 3
The line graph compares the data about different groups of overseas-born Australian residents
between 1976 and 2011. Overall, the total rate of Australian people coming from foreign locations
increased during the given period. Moreover, while figures for residents born in Asia and other regions
rose, the reverse pattern was witnessed in those from the UK.
Despite a gradual fall from nearly 22.5% to just more than 21% in the first 25 years, the share of total
overseas born demographics in Australia registered a dramatic rebound, climbing to the highest point
of 25% in the final year.
The percentage of the UK born cohort was consistently the highest overall. Starting at 14%, this rate
declined markedly to 10% before experiencing a further considerable decrease to 5% by 2011.
Regarding the categories with an upswing, the year 1976 documented approximately 11% of residents
came from other locations of the world, followed by a peak of about 14% by 2006, and pulling back to
around 13% 15 years later. The figure for Asian births rose moderately from over 2.5% in 1976 to less
than 7.5% in 1996, then more sharply in the next 15 years, reaching 15%. (194 words)
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Exercise 1
The table below shows the results of surveys in 2000, 2005 and 2010 about one university.
Write a Full report
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Sample Answer 1
Given is the table which illustrates changes in the proportion of student’s positive evaluations for 5
different features of an unnamed university, in five year intervals, from 2000 to 2010. Overall, the
pedagogical quality, print and electronic materials show improved ratings , while the gratification for
the scale of offered modules reduced. Moreover, the rating for educational facilities remained constant
over the period.
Looking first at the categories with increasing positivity, print resources had the highest rank of
fulfillment in 2000 with 84%, significantly larger than those for teaching quality and electronic sources
accounting for 65% and 45%, correspondingly. Student’s satisfaction for the first category slowly rose
by 5% after five years, prior to experiencing a 1-percent reduction in 2010. A resemblance could be
observed in those of the two others mentioned above, with growth to 69% and 88%, respectively for
instructing standard and electronic devices.
Moving onto the categories that declined or remained static, the contentment for offered-module's
range represented 32% by 2000, compared to that for educational facilities making up 77%. Whereas
there were small declines of 2% and 3%, in turn regarding the former, the latter stayed continuously at
the same level over the decade. (185 words) (Written by Quang Tran)
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Exercise 2
Write a Full report
The graph below shows the number of tourists visiting a particular Caribbean island between
2010 and 2017.
Write a Full report
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Sample Answer 2
The line graph shows visits to an island in the Caribbean, by holidaymakers, from 2010 to 2017.
Overall the total visitors increased and this trend was mirrored by both the number of visitors staying
on the island and on cruise liners.
Total visits started at 1 million in 2010, and then increased throughout the period, except for a brief
plateau at about 2.7 million throughout 2015. A sharp increase in the final year saw visitors rise to 3.5
million.
Tourists staying on the island were about 750 thousand in 2010; then, during the next three years, this
doubled. The number plateaued from 2013 to 2015 at 1.5 million, and then fluctuated at this level over
the final two years. Vacationers on cruise liners started the period at 250 thousand, after fluctuating for
two years the number rose continually to reach approximately 1.3 million by 2015. Then, in 2015, the
number surpassed those staying on the island and finished at 2 million by 2017. [163 words]
(Written by Mike Wattie)
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Exercise 3
The pie charts below show the percentage of five kinds of books sold by a bookseller
between 1972 and 2012.
Write an introduction and Overview
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Sample Answer 2
The pie charts compare the share of sales between different genres in a bookstore from 1972 to 2012.
Overall, compared to 1972, while there was an upward trend for the sales of fiction books, the
remaining categories had a reverse pattern. Additionally, adult fiction reading materials accounted for
the greatest sales for most of the period.
In terms of the fiction books, the distribution of sales for both adult fiction and children’s fiction started
1972 at 20% and rose slightly to 25% for the former and 22% for the latter during the next 20 years. In
2012, the sales of fiction books for adults continued to increase significantly to 45%, while children’s
fiction only grew marginally to 25%.
Concerning the remaining categories, 25% of sales belonged to other literary genres in 1972,
decreasing by 5% to 20% in 1992 before declining more rapidly to 12%. There was a steady decrease
in the rate of biographies sold from 1972 , at 20%, to 1992, at 15%, then decreased more slowly to 8%
in 2012. Finally, despite a slight rise from 15% to 18%, between 1972 and 1992, the sales of travel
publications decreased relatively afterwards and ended the period at 10%. (196 words)
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