Tnlcot*t

s.r! tljTr,l OD{JCTIOhI . Angle

:t Trigonometric Ratios
The word 'tiSononetry' is derived from two Greek words 'trigonon' ir Relitionship Between Trigonometric
'metrol meanimg'thtee angle mtasure'. So the literal meaning of the word Ratios
-"u.rt"*ent of a triangle' It is a branch
'tigonometry'i" th" of
: Range of Trigonometric Ratios
Mithematics, whictt deals with the measurements of sides and angles It Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specfic
of a triangle. Now, the scope has been widened and now it is a branch Angies
of Mathematics, whictr deals with the sides and angles of a triangle or I Trigonometric Ratios of Some
of any other figure.
ComplementarY Angles
It is a mafter oigreat pride of us that the study of Trigonometry was
fhst r Tiigonometric Identities
.:l Questions Based on Elimination
started in India. Its elements can be found in Rigveda' All ancient
:r Evaluation of Trigonometric Ratios in
Indian Mathematicians like Aryabhatta, Bhaskara I and II and Terms of One of Them
Brahma8upta got imPortant results. All this knowledge first went from
India to Middle East and then from Middile East to Europe'
Con(ept & Activity
'{ | /si, ClI. L-4, 9-11, L6. 19-20' 27, 30
Illustrative ExamPleg
This is the amount of reoolution undergone by a Rnolaing Line in 4-6, l1-L3, 75-L7, 20-25, 27-28, 30-3L
Exercisea & Arawels
a Plane.
Ex.8(a) 6-8 Ex.8(b) 13-15
t et a revolving line, starting from its ,o Ex.8(c) 77-18 Ex.8(d)
initial position OX to the terminal 29 Ex.8(/) 31-32
position OP, then ZXOP is said to u,'"/ Ex.8(e)
Hints to Sele.ted Questions 8,15' 19, 29
have been traced out. ;&r/ Higher Otder Thinking Skills
Here, OX is called as initial side and
1z/ (HOTS) 32-34
OP as temrinal side, where O is called Additional Question 34
frl.e aertex.
" Initial Side
2, 9-10, 19
Nytra
\ltl€,. f{,r Sigrs nf Angiee NCERT-FILE
35-43
(r) The angle XOP is regarded as Questions from NCERT Book
Questions lrom NCERT ExemPlar 44-47
positive if it is traced in the 48-s0
For As6eSSment
anticlodswise direction as in the 50-52
Competition File
figure. National Talent Seatch Examinatiol
(NTSE) 52-53
53-54
(il) The angle XOP is regarded as Summary
Chapte! Test 54
negative i{ it is traced cut in t}re
Proiect 55
clockwise direction as in the
figure.
 5.2 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
Here, we sha-ll study some ratios of the sides of a right triangle with respect
to its
acute angles, ealled trigonometric ratios of the angle. we shall iestrict
our discussion
to only acute angles, whereas we can extend the ratios for other angles also.
Let ZXOY = 0 be an acute angle having OX and Oy as initial side and terminai
side
respectvely. o
Let P be any point on OY the terminal side. Draw pN,I, perpendicular from p
on OX,
the initial side.
Thus, in right triangle OMp,
Base = OM (= r), Perpendicular = PM = (y), Hylgotmuse = Op (r) and ZMOp 0.
=
Now, we deline the six kigonomehic ratios (known as t-ratios) as below:

(, Pemendicular av
t-e g =
rr*ot"^rse = ' which is written as sin 0

(ii) Base x
cosrne H = Hypotenuse - *rhich is written as cos 0

Pemendicular a,
u
(iii) 0
Base -
tansent which is written as tan 0
" tt
Hvootenuse r
(ia) cosecant e = P"ffi""h" = - which is written as cosec 0
'
HvDotenuse
(r) secant e= -=r* = z , which is written as sec 0

Base )t
(vi) cotangent 0 = Perpendiuclar = , which is written as cot 0.
!
Ceution:
The abbreviation of 'sine of 0' is sin 0, which is not the product of sin and g.
Rather ,sin 0, is one word. Same is the
case for other trigonomehial ratios.

Note:
We define the above trigonometrical ratios for the acute angle ,0,.
Observation:
The trigonomekic ratios are dependent only orr the value of angle
0 and are independent of the position of p on the
terminal side oY of the acute angle ZXOY. Thus, if P takes another positio.,
o., by, tt t1." lmgths Mp, oM and
OP will change but trigonometric ratios will remain same. ".,
THEOREM Trigonometric ratios are same for same angle.
Proof:
Let ZXOY = 0, an acute angle with initial side OX and terminal
side Oy. Let p, and
P, be two different points on the terminal side Oy. Draw prM, and prM.,
perpendiculars on OX.
In As OM'P, and OI\4,P,

and
zYr-ol' = zxo\ = tMzoPz o
l right angre'
rhus, As oM,p, and orr4,p,,""
"**f?H;;;:#k
.'. By lq!A,r{ Sind' arity Criteria, we have:

o& MlP1 OMl

_
- OM2
oP, = M2P2
 @E
MlP1 _ M2P2
...(1)
oPr oPz
M,P,
In AOMIP, sin0= oil
M"P"
sin o = _oE1 lusing (1)l

Thus, the value of sin 0 is independmt of the position of the point. Similar is the case with other
trigonometric ratios.

Aim: To find the measure of angles of a right angled triangle when length of two of its sides are given.
Materials required: Cardboard, Coioured sticks and Gum'
Procedure: 1. Take the cardboard.
2. Paste 2 sticks each of iength 1 unit on it such that the angle betweem them is a right angle.

3, Now paste the third stick to comPlete the triangle' It will be of measure Jf units'
Name the triangle as ABC'

Observation: We observe that, sinc= # = # ="t*'

ag = 45.

and si^A=#=sin45'
zA = 45'.

Resulk we can find the measure of angles of a right triangle when two of its sides are given'

8.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

From the figwe, we have:

sin 0
MP cosr= OM
6p, Op
MP
and tan 0
oM'
Now, tan g
MP MP/OP
lDioiding num. A dmom. bY OP)
OM OM/OP
sin 0
Hence, tan 0
"."e'

From definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angle 0, we have:

111 (,0 t".0=.o"0 cos0=
1
(0 cosec0= sin,- and sin 0 = ;...0
and
SCC U

11 (io)
sin 0
cot0 =
cos 0
;.
(ili) cot0= ,tan ;e and tan0=
" - I+n
cot 0
tan 0 =
;; and
STN U

Observation: sin 0 . cosec 0 = 1, cos 0 . sec 0 = L and tan 0 . cot 0 = 1'

 8.4 RANGE OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
-r Consider a AABC, right angled at B.
We lnow trat in right angled triangle, Perpendicular < Hypotenuse and Base < HyPotenuse
t';
Peromdicular
- -:I=:---1 ---:
Base
-1
Hypotenuse 'HyPotenuse-
sin e < 1 and cos 0 < 1, where Z0 is acute
1<cosec0andl<sec0
cosec0> Landsec0>1. ,^-
Iastly, Perpendicular < Base or equal to Base or > Base ^
Peroendicular
:ff < lorequaltolor>1
tane < 1orequaltolor> 1
cot 0 > 1or equal to 1or > 1.

sin 0 and cos 0 are less than or equal to 1 (in particular case)
cosec 0 and sec 0 are greater than 1 or equal to 1 (in particular case)
tan 0 and cot 0 can have any real values.

lu-usrRarve Exaupues
Example In AABC, right angle at B, if AB = 3 and
1:
and cotA =
Base AB3
BC = 4 find all the six trigonometical rulios ol ZA. Perpendictdar BC4
Solution: Reference to ZA:
Example
-122: Given g= !, calculate all other
Base, AB = 3 tmits, perpendicular, BC = 4 units. "".
C higonomekic ratios.
Hvpotmuse 13
Solution:\,Vs hays, sec e = -- g;- = D.
So we drarv a right triangle, right angled at B, sudr that
Base, AB = 12 k and
Hlpotenuse, AC = 13k, where k is a positive number.
A38 By Pythagoras' Theorem,
By Pythagoras'Theore4 AC2 = AB2+ BC2
AC? = A* +K2 + - (12*)2 + K2
(13k\2

= (Z)2 + (4)2 = 9 + L6 = 25. + W2 = 169P - 1,4qC = 25#

=+ BC = 5k.
.'. HYPoterruse, AC = JZS = 5 units' c
Peroendicular BC 4
3in d = ------r-- -:==-
HYPotenuse= AC 5
Base AB3
"oto = rtyp**r* = AC=5
Pemendicular BC 4 Reference to lA
ane = = AB=5 = Q:
-ts."." Base, AB = 12k Perpendicular, BC = 5k and Hypotenuse,
Flvootenuse AC 5 AC = 13k.
cosec A= = BC =Z BC 5k 5
Percendicular -.-.-==:-=
"-Ihdt""l- srrr u - _:-:-
Hypotmuse= AC 13k = 13
Hypotenuse AC
. --EI-=AB-3_ 5
s.",r= Base AB IzK 12
cose = :: .
n,?otenuse =
AC 13K 13
 Pemendicular BC 5k 5 Example 4:11 sln 6 = frove that 3cos O - 4cod 0=0.
ta" o = -- s;- = en= w= Tz |,
AC t3k 13
HvDotenuse Pemendicular 1
_-r-
cosec u = ; -:*r^-= - BC 5k 5
Solution: U7s l6yg sin 0- = =- '
Perpendicular ".=E= a HyPotenuse 2

Base AB 72k Lz So, we draw right triangle, right angled at B, sudl that
a
and cotO = p"rf,e.,ai.ut- = BC= 5k = 5 Perpendicular, BC = k and HyPotmuse , AC = 2k' wtete
k is a positive number.

Examnle 3: If cos g = i, find the value of

5

sece+cot0
5cosece-4tan0'
Base 3 A
Solution:1,Yg hays; 66s g = Js*
Hlpotenuse 5
By Pythagoras' Theorem,
So, we draw a right triangle, right angled at B, such that AC2 = AB2+ BC2
Base, AB = 3k, and Hpotenuse, AC = 5k, where
/r is a (2k)2 = +P
ABz
positive number. AB2 = 4l?-l? =31?
AB = J5K.
Reference lo ZA = 0z
Base, AB = rfak , Perpmdicular, BC = k and HyPotenuse'
AC=2k.
Base = AB J-sk
t = ,yp*""t"
By Pythagoras' Theorem, "'
cos
Ac= x
AC2 = ABz + BCz
+ (st)z = ,rn,' * ra' =zG ...(1)

+ BCz = 2St& _ 91{ = L6t3

+ gg = 4k. €l- nff
Reference lo lA = O:
Now. 3cos o - 4cos3 o = ,f
\.2) \2)l'
Base, AB = 3k, PerPendicular, BC = 4k and Hypotenuse' 3J3 36 o' which is true'
AC = 5k.
-; =
=
Pemendicualr BC 4k
BC 4k 4 '
Example 5:11 6 66BC. right angled at C and 2A= lB'
tan o = ----E"[-
Base
= er-3k-
AB I (i) Is cos A = cos B? (ii) Is tan A = tan B?
Base AB 3k3 (iii) What about the other trigonomekical ratios of lA
cot 0 = Perpendicular BC 4k4 and ZB? Will theY be equal?
Solution:\,ryg |6yg: right triangle ABC, right angled at C'
Hypotenuse _ AC-5k_ 5
sec 0 = Base -
AB 3k 3
Hvpotenuse AC 5k 5
and 0
Perpendicular BC 4k 4
cosec =

53
sec0 + cot 0 -+
34 Now lA=lB
E,L
5 cosec 0 - 4tan0 sx;-4x; gg=AC
I,., Sides o4pasite to equnl attgles me equall
20+9 29 BC = AC =k (say)
75-& 11
E@
By PSrthagoras' Theorem, [:r the following, one of the trigonometric ratios is
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 given. Find the values of all other trigonomekic
AB2 = k2+lC=21C ratios:
AB = .1-u. 8
(t) sin e = (ii\ slnu= J5
(i) Here,
-ACKl
cos A =
17 -7
AB J2K J2
---:=: (li) cos 0 =
7
(ia) cosg=
9

_BCk1. -z.a -41.

cos ts =
and
AB .lz* J2.
-=-_=:
(o) tan e = J5 (z'il cot0=2
cosA = 12
Hence, cos B. (oii) cos 0 = (aiii\ sece = 25
A,BCK
13 -7
(ii) Here, tan = _=_=l
ACK (rd sec e =
13
(x) cosec g = J1O
5"
and *rr'r g = 49=!=r -15
BCK (xl) cosecU=
-.
Hence, tanA = tan B.
If sin :,? sin0 cosO
(iiO (I)Now sina = !9 k
4. 0 = find the value o{
1
7.o,,
AE=.m= T2 2
5. IfcosA= , find the value of 4+4tanA.
and ts
ACkT U
Sul = AB JzK=:J2' (cBsE sP 2018)
-=:
4cos0 - sin 0
Hence, sin A = sin B. 6. If 3 tan 0 = 4 find the value of
2cos0 + sin 0
@
AB J-2K
Now, cosec A = _=_=-t.) '- 1C
BC k |, Ifcot0= i, find the value of
8
AB J-X t= (1-
AC K ,-.
and cosec B (2 + 2sine) sin 0)
' (cBsE 20(x))
(1+ cos0) (2 - 2cos0)
Hence, cosec A = cosec B.
AB J'X /i E sin0-cos0
(Itr) Now, =ac=t=" 8. If sec S = t.r:.d the value of-
sec A ;, ffi
and
AB JZT F 9. If cosec 0 = e find the value of cote +1+shO
sec B
BC k '-' coso
.

Hmce, sec A sec B. Short Answer Type Qestions (SLAB-II)

(V) Now, A
ACk
cot
BC-k-' 10. (, If cos 0 = E, (tan 25
13show that sin 0 0) = 156
and B
BCK 1-cos2o
cot =
ACK (ii) If cot o = A. show
- rhat
----
J3'- 2-cos2o
Hence, cot A = cot B.
1a
ji, 2sin0+ 3cos 0
(iii) Ifsec 0 = show that
4st[_9cos0=13

11. (, If tan 0 =
$, rno*,h"
;:*r<H#
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-D
1. h AABC, right-angled at B, if AB = 5, BC = 12 and 3
AC = 13, find all the six kigonomekic ratios of 4'
ZA. asin0- bcos0
(ii) If tan g = 1, show that asin0 +
2. h AABC, right-angled at A, if AB = L AC = g b bcos0
and BC = 5, find dI the six kigonometric ratios a2 -b2
ol ZB.
a2 +b2'
 @I
23. Ir1 the following fig:re, ZR = 90", /'BAC=0,8C
12. 6 :1
" If cot A = 4'. strow that =CD=4crnandAD=10cm.
Find:
t
"\t t (i) sin 0 (ll) cos 0.

cosec2A - cot2 A
(i If sinA=:.showthat
4'
t;
\lt
3'
5 - 4cos3 A 3cosA
L3. If sec 4 = f, verify that :-
r csinA - 4sin3 A
1-3tan2A
=
5t"J:t".tA Answsns
1-sin0+cos0 -12 5 12
14. If tan e = show that 1. sin A= iS,cosA= 13,tanA=
fi, 1+ sin 0 + cosO 7 E,
j," ''' :osO: - sinO
: 12/ cosecA=
l],,""e= f,"",,t= fr
cotg - tan 0 - -.
15. If sec 0 =4 show that
sinB= 9-,cosB= ,,*r= ,-*"u=
16. If 7si#0 + 3cos20 = 4 show that tan e = *VJ
f f !,
.
c4
r""B =
(CBSE 2OO8) Z,cotB= T
12 2 sino coso 372
17. If tan 0 = =. ' show that ------;-----;- = -- .
" .."0= E.tan0=
3. (fl t7'
a.cot0= 15
15' T,
13 cos'O - sin'0 15
17 17
sec0= cosec 0 =
cosec 0 + cotO 81
_= _. find cosO + sin 0 iE, 7
18. If
cosec 0 - cotO 49 cos0.- sinO (li) cos0 =f;,rune= JS,cote=
19. If A = 2, find the value of:
cosec f,
sec0=2,cose"e=
tanA
sinA
.------_+-.
L + cosA
ft
(iii)
24
sin0= -.tan0= 24 7
20. If tan 0 +
1
find the value of: 25 -,cot0=
7' vt'
-:- =2.
.tan e
sec0 =
25 cosec 0 =
25
-, 24
tan'?e+ -f^
tan' 0
.
4{J40
(tx') sin0= +f ,trre= T,cot0= 9
4A'
Long Answer Type Questions L1 L1
21. In AABC, right angled at B, AB = 7 cm and r"a0= q,cosec0= 40j:
sine=.J5
(AC - BC) = 1 cm. Find the values of sin C and
1 1
cos c. (a)
7,cos0=;,cot0=
22. (0 h AABC, it is given that ZC=90'andtanA
1
sec0=2,.o"".e= 4\/J
= --r , find the value oI (sin A cos B + cos A
vo
2
sin B) (CBSE 2008) (zz) sin0=f,.ore= ---
J5
,tan0=
1

,,
(r, In AABC, right-angled at A, if tan C = J5 ,
find the value of (sin B cos C +.cos B sin C). ,""e= f ,coseco= ./5
(cBsE 2008)
I@
t2
(all) sin o = *,"" e=
fr, cot e
J (xi) sins= X,.o, s=z'!2:.tano=
15', 15 -L.
2J26',
E
'*e= lf,"oru"o= 15

(?rli) sin 0^247 24 "orr=f,,""r= 2\!%

= -, cos 0 = -, tan 0 =
7'
4' 9 4 225
Z,.o*o= 4 so
5. 25 6'57'il
cotg=
24 24

(II) sin O =
72s
cos 0 = tan 0 =
12 8' 12
9. z tE. -firn.,
-, -, T, 35

cot0=
513
20.
7-24
smc=E,cosC=iE
72 cosec 0 = -12
2
-.
(x) sin O = *,"ore= *,tane= 1. 22. (, - (ii) 1
vlu Jl'0 3
23. (4 0.55 ('r 0.83.
cot0=3,"""e=
f
Hnrs ro seucreo Quesnorus E
(2 + 2sin0) (1- sin0) 2(1 + sin0) (1- sin0) 16. 7sin20+3cos20
(1 + cos 0) (2 - 2cos0) 2(1+ cos0) (1 - cos0) + 7 tan20 + 3 = 4 sec2o
:+ 7 tar?O + 3 = 4+4! t20
(1 + sin 0) (1 - sin 0) 1- sin2 0 cos2 0 3 tan2e
= =
(1 + co"0x1 - *s 0) 1- cos'0 sin'0 1
+ tan 0
J3
115 \2 225
=cot"0= l-l =
- \8i -.64 20. tan 0
*e =, Squarinp en20 + -1..- * , = n
+
13 :+
sec0=; t2
(rrl)
J5
tan0= =. + tan2e + -],
tan' e =
,
2sin0+ 3cos0 2tan0 - 3
" 22. (i) tc= e0", tane =
4sin0 - 9cos0 4tan0 - 9 f =l=s0".
,f u),
'l.T,l-'
zB = 180" -(90'+30")=59".
24-75 g ^ 1
,(12\ ^ 4[8 - 415 3 -' sinA=sin30'=;,z
\si l;
A=
(il tano= * + cot0= J7.
cos cos 30o =
T
t-
'J7 VJ
sin B = sin 60' =
cosec2o - secz o (1 + cot2 e) - (1 + tan2 e) T,
cosec'e + sec' 0 (tl o-) - (il tr"to) cosB = cos 600
1
".t' 2'
cot2o-tan2o
--____________;_ : etc- .'. sin A cos B + cos A sin B
2+cot'0+tan'e'
,. E;,A;F;
12. (lr) i-_;-
_ 11) 11)
- \z)\z) .(f)(f)
_ =
Ji sec'A - 1
1*9 =r.
1
cot A; etc.
44
tanA =
 @I
8.5 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SOME SPECIFIC ANGLES
In earlier class, we have already leamt the construction of angles of 30",45', 50' and 90'. Now, we shall find the values
of trigonometric ratios for these angles along with those of 0'.
8.5.1 Trigonometric Ratios of 45'
Consider a right triangle, right angled at B, such that lA = tl5'.
Since lA+ lB + ZC = 780",
45'+ 90' + ZC = 180"
tC = 180" _135"=45..
Thus, tA = ZC=45
AB = BC=a(say)
By Phylhagoras' Theorem, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AC2 =a2+d + AC =2a2
AC = {2a.
Thus in AABC, ZA = 45", Base, AB = 4, Peryendicular,BC = a and HyPotenuse, AC = "lZa .

Peroendicular BC a 7
srn 45" = Hyp.t".*" = lc- J-za - Ji
Base AB a1
cos 45o = ::-
-l-t)?otenuse AC JZa .12

Peroendicular BC a ,
AB a
1_
cosec 45o = stn_=+J Jz

1_
sec45'=cos +J
^= Jz

and cot 45' = -l^ = t'

$n45

8.5.2 Trigonometric Ratios of 30' and 60'

Consider an equilateral triangle ABC with each side = 24.
Thus, eadr angle of AABC = 50'.
Draw AD perpmdicular on BC.
Since AABC is equilateral,
.'. altitude AD bisector of ZA and median AD coincide.
a
... BD = DC = and /BAD = IDAC = 30".
By Pythagoras' Theoreru
AB2 = AtP + BfP
Qa)2 = Aff+ n2
Ad = 4*-a2=3a2
AD = .13a.
(a) Trigonometric Ratios of 30'
In right triangle ABD, right angled at D.
Base, AD = .l-3 a,BD = a, Hypotenuse, AB = 2a and ZDAB = 30'.

Perpendicular a 1 Base ,,13a J5

J-so J3
sin 30' = ,r;p."r"* = -= ,, cos JU" = Hyp"t""*" = zr=T
II@
tan 30. =
PerPendicular
_ a 1 cosec 30'
-^-= 1 = 2
Ease #a= T3'
"i"3tr
sec3o.
(b) Trigonometric Ratios of 60.
=
";r1rr.=
f , *,r0"= #= O
In right triangle ABD, right angled at D.
Base, BD = a, Pelpendicular, AD = f3a, Hypotenus e, AB=2a and ZABD = 60".
PerPendicular .f3a
sin 60"= Hypotenuse _ _ J5
2a 2
cos 60. =
Base a-f
Hlpotenuse- Za 2
fio u
PerPendicular
tan 60. = Base - a = \"
cosec 50o
12
sin50' vJ
sec 60" = _=2
1

cos60'
and cot 60" =
1 1-
=
tan60" J3
8.5.3 Trigonometric Ratios oI 0. and 90.
Let Z)(AY = 0, which is acute angle. Take a point p.o4the terminal side Ay. Draw pM
perpendicular on AX.
In AAMP, we have,

sm0=
MP AM MP
E.,cos 0 = ;p andtan0= AM
(a) Trigonometric Ratios of 0"
M
ln AAMP, it is evident that as 0 becomes smaller and smaller, the line segment Mp becomes
smaller and smaller.
Finally, when 0 becomes 0o, then p will conicide with M. Consequently,"rw
= o u"a ap = arr,r.

sino. =
H= *=r,-,0"= ff=fr=r
t o' = ; -
" #=;h=o, cosec oo =
#=; (undefined)

^.-LIL'l
secU" = -r -+6 (undefined)
^.="=1,cot0.=
coSU I tanO"= 0
(b) Trigonometric Ratios of 90o
Lr AAMI', it is eYident that as 0 becomes greater and greater, the line segnrent
AM becomes smaller and smaller. Finally,
when 0 becomes 90", then M will conicide with AI
Consequently, AM = 0 and Ap = Mp.

sin 90' =
H= #=,,coseo.= #=*=,
90'
tan =
ffi=H -+-(underined)

cosec 90o
1 1.-
sin90' 1

sec 90o =
11 - --) @ (undefined)
-=
cosg0- U
 @I
11
and cot 90. = ,"" gcr =;=0
Now, we enlist the triSonometric ratios of 0', 30', 45', 60" and 90' for ready reference'
TABLE

0' 45. 90.

1 J5 1l
sin 0 0
, 2

Jg 1 1
cos g 1
2 i 0

1
tan e 0 1, ,5 Undefined
(*)
2
cosec 0 Undefined 2 t; 1
(-)

6ec e 1 J' , Undefined

(*)
1
cot 0 Undefined t; 1 0
(-)

AIDTOMEMORY
TABLE

0 30' 45" 90.

/5 J5
sin 0 l+ 2
Et
cos 0
,E=' \s- z

When sin 0 and cos 0 of an angle are known, the other trigonometric ratios can be found by using the following
formulae:
sin0 cosO 1^1
1*6= fr,cotg= --;;,sec0= and cosec 0 =
6i6.
"o.g
h-lusrnrtvs Exmlpus
Example 1: Evaluate the following: (ir) cos 60'cos 30' + sin 60'sin 30'
(0 sin 60'cos 30" + sin 30'cos 50o _ 1J3J5 1
_x_+_x_= J5GJ5
(i0 cos 60'cos 30o + sin 60o sin 30o. 2222 442
-+-=-
Example 2: Prove that:
Solution:
(, sin 60o cos 30'+ sin 30'cos 50" sin60' + coe30' l5
(r)
J5,5 1 x-=
--:-X'--+- 1 31,- 1+ sin30'+ cos60" Z
= 222 2 -+-=I.
44 Qit 2(sin245'+ cof30") - 6(cos245o- tan230') = 6.
Ir@
Solution: (ll) We have: 3 tan2 0 -1 = 0

(, IrIs=
1
sin 60' + cos 30"
+ sin 30' + cos 60'
^1 =
tan'o -.,
1
tan ft = :
_2 1 2_ =f=o'
1- [For 0" <0<90.,tan0>01
=e tan 0= tan 30".
(r, tHS = 2(sin2rt5. + cof30.) - 6(cos245" - tan230.) Hence, 0= 30..
Example 5: Find the value of '*' in the following:
=,[(#)'.,rrr)-'(#)' -(+l) zx ran2 fi" + 3r cos26o. _
27 set 4s'
-
4 cos2 3o'
561u1isn Wehave:
=,(1.r-,(;-+) 27 sec2 6"
U tu] 6A" + 3x co*60. =
3o'
=,(i)-'(i)=7 - 1 = 6 = RHS.
4 cos2

| 7\2 27 x2
= 2xx(J3)-+3xx[)) =
Example 3; Find the value oI 'r' in the following:
n;:4
(0 2cos3*= 1 Qil JStanzt-g = o. ,3x
Solution: (l) We have : 2cos 3r = I 6I+-
4 J
1
"*3, = 2 Ia+jlr = 18
\ 4/
cos 3r = cos 50" 27
3x = 60'. 4
= 18
Hence, x = 20". 3
(ir) We have: J5 tan Zr - g= O -x
tan 2x = 4=J3
J3
Hence, x
8
3
tan 2r = tan 60' Example 6: In an acute angled triangle ABC, if
2x = 60". tan (A + B - C) = 1 and sec (B + C - A) = 2, find the values
Hence, r = 30'. of An B and C.

Example 4: Solve lfte following 0' < e < 90': Solution; We have:
tan(A+B-C) _,|
(0 2cos0-1 (l0 2sin0= 1 and sec (B+C-A)
2
:+ tan(A+B-C) = tan 45'
(iiA 3tan20-t=0.
and sec (B+ C-A) = sec 50'

Solution: (r) We have: cos e =

1 A+B-C = 45. ...0)
-z and B+C-A = 60' ...(2)
=+ cos 0= cos 60o. Also, A+B+C = 180'
Ftrence, 0= d0..
...(3)
Adding (1) and (2),
(i)wehave2sirf 0= (A + B-C) + (B + C -A) =a15. + 50.
]
28 = 105'
:+ sin3 0 =
1
4
B = s21
1 2
sin 0 = Adding (2) and (3),
2
sin 0 (B + C -A) + (A + B + C) = 60. + 180.
= sin 30'.
Hence, 0= 30". 2(B+C) = 240'
B+C = 120'
 @I
1' AQ = 30x2
= 52, +C = 720' AQ = 50 cn
Hence, AP+AQ = 120 + 60 = 180 cm.
+ c=120'-s2f,"=ozf,' Example 9: An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a

Putting the values of B and C in (3), we get: circle of radius 5 cm. Find its side,
Soiution: Let ABC be an equilateral triangle in a circle of
radius 5 cm. If O be the centre of the circle, then
e+sz| +azl = :,rlo"
OA = OB= OC =5 cm
+ A+120'= 180"
+ A = 180'- r20'
= A = 60'.
1'
52, and C= 67 - '
_1'
Hence, A = 60', B =

Example 7: If 'O' is an acute angle and sin 0 = cos 0, find

th. vilue of 2tan2 0 + sint 0 - t.
Solution: We have: sin e = cos e
Draw OD, perpendicular from O on side BC'
sin0 _ , Thm, D is the mid-Point of side BC.
= cosO -'
Also, OB and OC are bisector of ZB and ZC respectively'
+ 0 = tan 45o
tan
In rt. angled AOBD, we have:
+ g = 45".
ZOBD = 30', OB = 5 crn'
.'. 2 tan20 + sin20 - 7 = 2 tar? 45" + stf 45" - 1
BD
1')'-' ... cos ,0" =
of
= .(rr+
2t1\2' lt[8]
BD
= cos 30' =T
= z*!-t=I-r=9 ,5 BD
Example 8: In the lollowing figure, ABCD is a rectangle 25
in which the segprents AP and AQ are drawn as shown'
Find the length of (A? + AQ).
BD = ;J3 orr

C Now, BC = 2(BD)= rl;J5l= sJ5 m.

1 Henca side of equilateral triangle = 5./J crn'
PE
I
a1! 66o" B
I
Shott Answer I'ype Questions (SLAB-D
Solution: In rt. angied AABP, -=--> Evaluate the following (1 - 7):
AB- sin 30'
x. (l) sin 50' cos 30' + cos 60' sin 30'
AP (ii) sin 60' cos 30o - cos 50' sin 30"
50 1 (ili) cos 50'cos 30' + sin 60' sin 30'
3 'AP , (io) cos 50' cos 30'- sin 50' sin 30"'
+ AI' = 60x2 2. (4 sirf 30" + si# 45' + si:f 60'
+ AI' = 120 crl. (il) cos2 30' + cos2 45o + cos2 60o
AD (i4 tan2 30" + tan2 45' + tanz 50'.
In rt. ansled A ADO, = sin 30'
"AQ 3. (i) 2cof 60' + 3sinP 30' + 2cos2 90o
(ii) 4(sina50' + cos430") - 3(tan2 60" - tan2 rl5J
30 1
.AQ 2
+ 5 cos2 415'.
r-]?tr1
.1. (i) (sirP 30. + 4 co* 45" - seC 60")
(iti) tan 2tanl
(coseC 45. sec2 30o) 24, = 1-tan,A
(ir) (cos 0' + sin 45. + sin 30.) (sin 90.
14. If A = 30. and B = 50., verify that:
cos 45" + cos 60').
(0 sin (A + B) = sinAcos B + cosA sinB
41 -,-r (;) cos (A + B) = cosA cos B*sinA sinB
5 (,) ;A55; - 2cos2 45' - sin2 0'
3tr
_. + B) tanA+tanB
(,tr) tan (A
(i,) * = 1-tanAtanB'
.nrrarr. ,rr,luo.
- cos2 45'.
15. If A = 60. and B = 30., verify that:
6. (q sin 30' cot45" sin60' cos30' (t) sin (A-B) = sinA cos B-cosA sin B
* (tt) cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
cot45' sin60" tan45' sin 90" -
sin4q" sec60' _ 5sin90' (lii) tan (A-B) tanA-tanB
(ii) + =
1+tanAtanB
cosec30' tan45' 2cos0'

7.
tan2 60' + 4cos2 45' + 3cos2 60. + 2cos2 90. 16. (r) Using the formula, sin A =
find the value of sin 30., if being given that
8. Prove that: cos 60' = 1.
(r) cos 60' cos 30. - sin 50. sin 30" = cos 90o
2

(r) cos 60' = 2cos230. - 1 = 1 - 2sirf 30.

(i) Using the formula, cos A =
tan60" - tan 30"
(iii) tan 30'. find the value of cos 30., it being given that
1 + tan 60' tan 30"

Short Answer Type euestions (SLAB-II) cos 50" = 1.

Find the value of 'r'(0. < r < 90") in each of the
17. Using the formula, tan 2A 2tan A'
following (9 - 11): = 1-1unzo'findthe
9.(q 2 sin2r= rE (4) 2cos3x= 1
(iir) tan 5r = 1. value of tan 50', it being given that tan 30.
=
10. (, sin 2r = sin 60. cos 30. - cos 50. sin 30o
.
;f,
(ir) cos x = cos 50o cos 30o + sin 50. sin 30. 18. (r) Using sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin
OA Wt 3x = sin <15' cos r[5o + sin 30". B, find sin 15"
(i) Using cos (A - B) = cos A'ios B + sin A
cos.r - sin -x 1-.6 sin B, find cos 15..
cos r + sinr 1+J3 19. (r) If sin (A + B) = l and cos (A -B) = 1,
If A = 30", verify that: 0' < A, B < 90., find A and B
(r)sin 2A = 2sinA cosA td
(a) cos 24 = 1- 2sin2A (ii) U sin (A + 28)= f I and cds (A - 48) = 0,
(iii) cos 2A = 2cos2A - 1 0" < A, B < 90., A > B, find A and B.
(tu) sin 3A = 3sirl{ - 4sin3A
20. Find the values o{ A and B:
(a) cos 3A = rlcos3A - 3cosA.
13. If A = 60", verify that. cos (3A +
11
r) = ana sin (3A -B) =
2tanl
i i,o..e,
(r) sin 24 = 1+ tan' A B < 20'and A < B, find A and B.

21. If tan (A - B) = and tan,(A + B) = {g,

(ir) cos 2A -
1 - tan: A f
1+tan,A 0" < (A + B) < 90. and A > B, find A and B.
 @I
22, In the following figure, EGwERs
AABC is right-angled
triangle in which ZB =
90", ZA = 30' and 1. (, 1 ('a
1 ..." J5
\tlt) - (ia) 0
,
AC = 20 cm' Find AB and
3 113
BC.
2. ..^ (iin i
(i)
, \tlt ;
ABC, a
23, In a right triangle 2
(a+7
right ingled at C, if 3. (0
17
12 (ii) t a.(i) 5
zE = 50' and AB = 15 crn. Find the remaining 13 p
angles and sides. 5. (0 :J (i0
6
24. In a rectangie ABCD, AB = 20 crn, /.BAC = 60''
calculate tlie BC and diagonals AC and BD' Js -z t-"1 . 29
6. (4 zJl
(r,
2J' ',' 33
Long Answer TYPe Questions
e. (0 r = 3,0' (ii) x = 20" (iii) x = 9"
25. If A and B are acute angles such that t * = 1' 10. (, r=15" (ii) x = 30' (il,) r = 15'
" .td
@r(in :2
1
1 tanA+ tanB 11. x=60" 75. tv. .ls
tanB= andtan(A+B)=
*---''- ' 1- tanAtanB-,snow
3
thatA+B=45'. {?;} ,,,
If each of cr, p and 1is a positive acute angle such
18. (0 sin 1S' =
"".15'= f;1
't' L9. (4A=B=45" (,,) A=30',8=1s'
that sin (ct + 9-r) = l,cos tg + v-cr) = i and
A=B=15' :l.A=45',B=15'
20.
p and y'
tan + ct - 9) = 1, fina the values o{ o'
(T 22. AB = 10J5sn and BC = 10 cm
27. A rhombus of side 20 cm has two angles of
60' each. Find the length of the diagonals' 23. ZA = 30',BC = 7.5 crn and AC = T * *t
In the following figure ABCD is a rectangle
DC = 8 cm ana BC = 6 cm' Line segmmt CM is 24. BC = 20J5 crn, AC = 40 cm, BD = '10 crn
drawn making an angle o{ 30" with DC,
intersecting AD-at M. Find the lengih of CM and y= 521
DM.
25. a= zz!" ,0 = 45'and

B
27. 20J5 cm and 20 cm

6cm 16vE 8J5

28. CM= ? cmandDM= fcm
C

Hwrs ro Seucreo QuesrPns

1e. (0 sin(A+B) =1
sin (cr + P -Y) =
1

+ .A+B=90' ,
cos(A-B)=1 (x+P-T=30'
=
= A-B = 0'. 1
Solve for A and B. cos (B + 1- ct) = ,
'7
tan(A-B)=15 = P+1-a=60'
tan (1 +c[-P)=1
A -B=30'
tan(A+B)=J5 - T+Ct-P=45o'
Solve for a, P and 1.
+ A+8=60'.
Solve {or A and B.
 8.6 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SOME COMPLEMENTARY
ANGLES
Complementary Angl
ea. Two angles are said to be complemmtary
if thetr sum is 90".
Now, we shall obtain the kigonometric ratios of complementary
angres in terms of those o{ given angles.
Theotem: If '0' is an acute angle, then prove that
ein (90" - 0) = cos 0 cos (90" - 0) = sin 0
tan (90' - 0) = cot e cot (90" - 0) = tan 0
sec (90'- 0) = cosec 0 cosec (90. - 0) = sec 0.
Proof: Consider a right triangle, right angled at B.
I€t ZBAC = g,
then ZACB = 90. - 0.
Reference to angle 0:
Base = AB, Perpe.ndicuiar
= BC and H)?otenuse = AC.
.'. sino = 19.
AC' "ore=
AB
tane= !9.
AC, AB

cosec U ^ACAC
= sece=;*, coto= AB
*, BC ...(1)
Reference to angle (90. - 0):
Base = BC, Perpendicular and Hlpotenuse = AC.
= AB

"' sin (e0'- o) = *. cos (90'

BC
- 0)
AC'
tan (90" - 0), = g.
BC'
cosec (90" - e), = +,
AB' sec (90" - 0) =
AC
BC
and cot {oo. - o) = ff ...(2)
From (1) and (2), we conclude that:
sin (90'- 0) = cos 0,
tan (90o - 0) = cot O
cos (90" - 0) = sin O
sec (90'- 0) = cosec 0
cosec (90" - Q) = sss 0,
and cot (90" * 0) = tan 0.

hlusrnlrve Exauples
Example 1: Evaluate the following:
Solution:
(, t*53: (r,l "q13' ' (,) cos2 14. - 76
cot27' cos77' slo,? = cos2 190" - 26.) - s# 76"
s]m2 76" - sin2 26" = 0.
Solution: (,) hG tan(90'-27') cot27. [ ..- cos (90" 0)
- = sin 0l
" cot27"
= =
"izr; .... cosec 13o cot20.
[,: tan (90""itzr"=l'
_ o)
= el cot
\ttt sec77o tan 20.
sm t:J sin 13' sin 13'
= -1 _ cosec 13o _ cot 20'
cos// cos (90' - 13" ) sin t 3 sec(90.-13.)
['.' cos (90" - 0) = sin 0]
Example 2: Evaluate the following: cosec 13o cot 20"
cosec 13. cot 20"
cosec 13o cot 20o
(,) cos2 14. - sin2 76" (iil
. sec 77" !an7}" [',' sec (90" - 0) = cuec O and tan (g0. - O = cot ej
(CBSE SA 2017) = 1-1=0.
-
 @I
Example 3: Evaluate the following: sec13" cosec 1.4

cos2 40" + cos2 50'

(lu)
- ----=;
cosec / /
(u)
sec /o
cos (40. - 0) - sin (50. + 0) + -7-
srn2 40' + sin2 50"
2. (i) sin 37' - cos 53'

Solution: (ir) tan 55'- cot 35"

cos(m' -o)-sin(so' * el*$ffffi (lli)

(ia)
sec 55"
ccsz
-
42'-
cosec 25'
sin2 48".
',I2

= sin [90" - (40' -0)]-sin(50' + o) i sin 25" \'z I cosot'

c' \'/ |. J \. sin29' ,/
cos2 40' + cos219o' - 40') ".,s65'
sin2 40' + sin2(90' -40') ( .n47' \2 . ( sin+r' )'z
(li)
[."'4Y ,) '[.*n* ,J

= sin(50" +o) - sin(50' . r). #### (iii) I sin20" \2 *. (.os31" )2

0I - 1 [ ss; )
.J
l'; as (90'- 0) = sin sin (90" 0) = cm 01
",,."r0; "itt
=0+L=L. 4. (0 sec 50' sin 40' + cos 40o cosec 50'
terms of (ii) (sin 72" - cos 18") (sin 72' + cos 18')
Examnle 4: Express each of the following in
t igo"l-"el""t tatios of angles between 0' and 45":
42' tan rl5" tan 48'tan 67''
(iii)
(0 cos 85' + cot 75' (A cos 67' + sin 75"' 'i,JI.23'tan
5. Express each of the following in term-s of
-'
Solution: t liono*"ai" ratios of angles, iying between 0' and
- 5") + cot (90' - 15') 40':
(r) cos 85'+ cot 75o = cos (90'
(i) sin 58" + cos 53'
= sin 5" + tan 15"'
(ri) tan 63' + cot 59'
(r0 cos 67. + sin 75'
(iii) sec 74' + cosec 51'
= cos (90" - 23") + sin (90" - 15')
(iu) cos 77' + sin 77'
= sin 23' + cos 15o'
(u) sn 72' + cosec 54o'
Example 5: Prove that
6. (0 ff O = 45', then find the value of:
(0 tan 1' tan 2' tan 3" -. tan 89' = 1
sec 0 cot 0 - cosec 0 tan 0'
(CBSE SA 2017)
(i0 cos 1'cos 2o cog 3o... cos 180'= 0'
tan 30'+ tan 45"
Solution- (ir) Find the valrre of t trr', 30" tu.l' 15'
(, LHS = tan 1" tan 2'tan 3' " tan 89'
-
(cBsE sA 2017)
= tan (90'- 89") tan (90'- 88) "
ian 88' tan 89' 7. Prove that:
= cot 89o cot 88' tan 88'tan 89'
(, tan 10' tan 25' tan 45' tan 650 tan 80" = 1

= (cot 89o tan 89') (cot 88' tan 88') .I11!- *

r,,, cOS 90" .o,
,.-. T" cosec 43" =2
''' (cot 44' tan 44) tan 45'
5

= (1) (1)...(1).1 = 1= RHs.

(r, LHS = cos 2'cos 3" " cos 180"
1o cos (i;;\ sin70'+cosec 20'-2cos70"cosec20'=0' ,

= cos 1o cos 2'cos 3' ... cos 90'" cos

180" ""' cos20" sec 70"
RHS'
= cos 1o cos 2" " (0) " cos 180'= =0
Short Answet Type Questions (SLAB-II)
8. Evaluate the following:
(i) tan 35' tan 40' tan 45' tan 50" tan 55"

(ii) lan 7" tan 23" tan 5f tan 83'

Short Answer TYPe Questions (SLAB-I)
Evaluate the fo[owing (1 - 4):
(iii) 4(sina 30' + cosa 60o) - I tri,.-oo"-to"+s')

1. (t)
sin10' ^
(,,)
cos17'
(iii)
tan 20'
* 1t*'
2
60'
;s8d .ir,z3"
"oizo"
r@
2, (r) sin 0 = cos (0.- 45), where 0 and (0 45.)
(i:a) j(cos.30' - sin4 45") are acute angles
-
(rir) sin 3e = cos (0 - 6), where 30 and (0 _ 6)
- 3 (sin2 60. - sec2 +s.) + eo. are acute angles.
]cot, 13, If sec 2A = cosec (A - r12.), where 2A is an acute
(7,) cosec (65' + 0) - sec(25. - e) -tan(55" 0)
- angle, find the value of A.
+ cot (35. + 0).
If A, B and C are interior angles of a AABC, show
,i Evaluate the following:
that:
sin 50" cosec 40'
l, ----^ - -------:::- - 4cos50' cosec 40. .. B+C= cos-
,. sm-l- A B+C A
(rI) cos----- = sin:.
cos40- sec 50' 0)
2sin68" 2 cot15'
(ii)
.""ix - itunis' Long Answer Type Questions
15. If A, B, C, D are interior angles of a cyclic
_ 9 lglnS' tq4" tan 40' tan.50' tan Z0. quadrilateral, prove that:
5 -.AC
(i) sm,
(iii)
J COS 55 -= cos

sm, + sln B= cosTC+ cosT

/ srn J5
,.,...A
(1, D
4(cos70" cosec 20") -
7(tan 5" tan 25' tan 45' tan 65' tan g5.)
,,,,,
(rr,) ...A + sec B= cosec C+cosec7.
D
sin 18"
sec
- - ,
(ia)
cos /1 II L B, C, D are interior angles of a quadrilateral,
prove that:
+ J5 {tan rO" tan S0' tan 40" tan 50' tan 80.
}
cosec2 63'+ tan2 24" o) sinfA+D)="o.[B*c)
(?,) \ 4 ) \4)
.ot'66. + sei\7i
sin2 53'+ cos53.s in27. + s.in27" sec 63.
r, ""(tl;_*,(-!)
(cBsE sP 2018)
Prove that: <iirr *.[A1e)-**.(T)
(l) cos €" cosec 42o + sec 48o sin 4l2o 2
=
sin70" cosec20'
(;0 *
... ZA ;" ZA - 2 cos 50" cosec 40' = 0 AlrswEns
p;i1
c"tf!; +.ors7'cosec 7. (All parts) L z^ (All parrs)
33' = 2. 0
SINIU
3. (l) 0 (i, 2 (iii) 2
Prove that:
4. @ 2 (ii) 0 (iii) 1.
(r) sin 0 sin (90. - - cos g cos (90"
O) - 0) = Q 5. (4 cos 32" + sin 37e (ii)
cot 27" + tan 31.
.... tan(90' - 0) cot0 (ai) cosec 16' + sec 39. (ro) sin 13" + cos 13.
(r,) ,- -cos'0=0
cosec-0 (a) cos 18' + sec 36"

cos(90" - 0) sec (90" - 0)tan0 (i)0(ii)2+ Jj

(iii)
cosec (90" - 0) sin (90' - 0) cot (90" - 0)
... 5
8.(0 1 (A1 (ur) (ia)
113

-f,
tan(90'_0) 5 i(zr) 0
=2^
cot 0
72. Find the value of '0': e. (0 - 4 (ii) 1, (iii) -i
1
(ia) 2
@ cos 20 = sin 3O where 20 and 30 are acute
1o
arigles 12. (0 18. (ii) 67; (iii) 24" 13. 44.
 EEI
Hnrs ro Selecreo Quesnons
15. In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, A+C=B+D= 15. Ina quadrilateral ABCD A + B + C + D = 360'.
180'.

8.7 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTTTIES

An equation is called an identity if it is true for all values of the variable involved'
For Example: (i) * - L6 = (x - 4) (x + 4)

.., (x-a)(x-b) (x-b)(x-c) . (x-c)(x-0) ,

\t') k - o)(, -bJ* @-b)(a-c)- lb-c)(b-a\-'
are algebraic identities because they are satisfied by all values of the variable r'
Or:r similar lines, an equation involving trigonometric ratios oI an angle 0 (say) is called trigonomehic identity
iJ it is true {or all values of 0'
1 .= ,i.g (rir,e - 1)
For Exanple: (i) sin20 - -:sine
\ 2)
1
(i cosec0= --
qtn t
are trigonomekic identities because they are satisfied for all values of '0' except those for which sin 0 = 0 in (il) case.
Now, we shall establish some fundammtal trigonometric identities whidr will, however, be used to get more identities.
8.7.1. Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
(a) (i) sin2 e + cos20 = | k;t 1+ tan2 0 = sec2 0 (iiil 7 + col26 = cosec2 0.

(l) Let ZXOY = 0 be the given acute angle.

Let P be any point on the terminal side, OY, other than O.
Draw perpendicular PM on the initial side OX.
MP
InAOMP, sin 0= Op
OM
and cosO = OF
By ['Srthagoras' Theorem,
...(1)
I\y'I,2 + OM2 = Op2
Dividing by OP2, we get:

-oM2 _ oP2
MP2
oP2'oP2-oP2
/ MP \2 / oM\2
. l-l +l-l
\oP/ \oP/ I = = (sin 0)2 + (cos e)2 =

Hence, sin20 + cos20 = 1.

Remark sirP0 (cos20) is the square of the sin 0 (cos 0).
Cor, sin2o = 1-cos2o and cos2o = 1- sirfo.
(ll) Dviding (1) by OM2, we get:

MP2 oM2 oP2

l.Yl)'*, /oP\2
oM2 ' oM2 -
=
oM2 \OM, I otnl J

(tan0)2+1= (sec 0)2. Hence, 1 + tan20 = sec20.

Cor, seCo-tan2o=1 and seC0-1= tan20.
1 1
Also sec e + tan 0= --------.----=
secu - tanu
and sec 0 - tan 0
r""0 . t*0
 (li) Dviding (1) by MP2, we get:

-riI,rtr MP2
-,-
oM2
_
oP2 -I+t,-
/oM\2I /oP\2
I\P2 MP2 MF' \MP,,
=
I rr.tp J
1 + (cot 0)2 = (cosec 0)2. Hence, 1 + cot20 = cosec20.
Cor. coseC0 - cof0 = and
1 cosec20 - 1 = coP0.
1,
Also, 1
cosec0+cot0= and cosec0-cot0 =
cosec e - coto cosec0+coto'
shO
(b) (r) tan 0 = (illcote= l9x9
cos0 sin0
MP OM
In the above figure, sm 0= cos 0 =
OP' OP,
-.
.MP
tan U= OM
OM
and cot 0 =
- MP.
MP
(, t* o= MP = OP
ofr' lDiailing numuator I denominator by Opl
OM
OP
Hence, tano- _sin 0
cos 0
OM
(iD cote=
oM-_ oP
MP MP. lDiaiding numerator & denominator by Opl
OP
cos 0
Hence, cot 0
sin0'

Remark: The above identities have been proved for an acute angle 0 but these identities
are tr.ue for any angles.

ft-lustnanve Exlnaples
Example 1: Prove the following trigonometric Soiution:
identities: (0 LHS = si#0 (1 + coP0) = sirf 0 cosec2o
(0
sin2 0 (1 + coP0) = 1 l':1+cot20=mse&07
(10 (1 - cos2 0) cosec2 0 1 1\
= ^/
= srn'o I
6iA 0 + tan20) (1 + sin0) (1 -sin0)=1 --ri=l=RHS.
\ srn- 0,/

e (i4 tHS = (1 - cos20) coseC0

tan2 cosec20 I
' tan'e-1 ."-/ 1\
sec'e - cosecz0 sin20-cos20' = sin.e 1... 1 - cos20 = sin2g!
[;5.,J
= 1 = RIIS.
 @-
Qiq LHS = (1 +tan20) (1 +sin0)(1 -sin0) Example 3: Prove the following trigonometric
identities:
= (1 + tan2 0) (1 - sin3 e) = sec20 cos20 2sin2 o - 1
I'; 7 + tan2| = sec2g, 1. - sin21 = cos201 (r) tan0 - cotO = --:---:------ ^
srnt cosu
/1\
l---l-lcos'O=1=RHS.
= \ cos' o,/
,,^
(lr' 1-"ho = o + cot 0.
cos0 ".sec
tan2 o coseC0 Solutioru
r LHS = ---- a ------.-.- f;
r ru
"
tan'0-1 sec'0- cosec-u (r) LHS=ian 0 - cot 0
o 1
sin2 sinO
- cose -
- sinO
cos0 sin2 o - cos2 0

;Je - -tl"to
- sin2 sin0 cos0
O ,' 1 _ 1
sin2o-11-sin2e;
o sinzo .o"2 =
"oJo-t "t.r
0
"aa
O

sin2 0 cos2o - 1 cos2osin2o sin2o-1+sin2o 2sin2o-1

' = = - RHs.
cos2 o - aoa'o sin2 o sin2e-cos2o .i"0 sinO cos0
"irr'o
sin2 e cosze (,, t'HS=
sin 0 ""tosin0 l+cosO
- '
sinzo-cos2o sin2o-cos2o r-.oso = 1-.oro ^ 1*"o.0
sin e(1+ cos 0) sin 0 (1 + cos 0)
sin2e+cos2o 1
= t-cos'o
= ffi=;I;-;Ji =RHS' sin2 o
l':L- cu20 = sin2 0l
Example 2: Prove the following trigonometric L+cosO 1 cos 0
identities: sin0 sin0 sin0
(0 eosecz0 + sec20 = coseC0 sec20
=cosec0+cot0=RHS.
(ii) sin (1 + tan A) + cos A (1 + cotA) = sec A + coeec A.
Example 4:Prcve that:
Solutiort
(, LHS = coseC0 + sec20 F:mo = 2sec0.
1 cos2 o + sin2 o
! r + "irre
- sin2 e' cos2 0 o ri''' o Solution
"os2
11 1
LHS =
..,r2 o sin2 o sin2 o cos2 e
coseCo sec2e = RHS.
(,, LHs = sinA(1 +tanA) +cosA(1 +cotA)
r* thA)*"o"a It * tott)
'"ina[
-:-Y- 1-sin0./1+slne

sinA \
/ cosA +
:::j_j___:
\ cosA,/
- /sinA+cosAl
\ sinA,/
=ffi-- ffi
(1 + sin 0) + (1 - sin e) _ 2

sinA
\ cosA ,/l+cosAl_
|
\ sinA )
/ sinA cosA \ 2
= (sinA+cosA)l-+-
' '\cosA sinA./
| = cos Q
= 2sec0 = RHS.

Example 5: Prove the following trigonometdc

/.in2A+cos2A)
= (sinA+cosA)l-
( sinAcosA i
| identities:

ta - (cBsE 2007 c)
= (sinA+cosA)l '
/1\

\sinAcosA./
I ffi= r"tsec o cot o)2

sinA cosA sinA + cosA

__-.--+ sinA- cosA
{i,}
= sinA cosA sinAcosA sinA - cos.d sinA+ cosA
11+ ----:-- .n
- ---i-
cosA sinA = sec A + cosec A = RHS. - sin2 A- coszA 2sin2 A- 1
-+-
I/sE
Solution: (i) We knowthat sin2 0 + cos2 0 = 1.
(, LHS =
1 - cos0 1-cos0 1-cos0 Cubing, (sin2 g + cos2 e)3 = 1
1+ cos0 1 + cosO 1- cos0
+ (sin2 0)3 + (cos2 O)3 + 3sin3 0 cos2 0
(r (si#0+cos20)=1
_ - cose)2 _ (r - cose)2
1 - cos2 o sin2 e + sin6 0 + cos5 0 + 3sirf 0 cosz 011y = 1.
I...sin2e=1-cos207 Hence, sin6 0 + cos6 0 + 3sirf 0 cos2 0 = 1
(t - cose )'? / r cosO Or
=(rrnol-(rt"g-rl"ol 12

sin6 g + cos6 0 = 1 - 3sin2 0 cos2 0.

= (cosec 0 - cot 0)2 = RHS,
Example 7i Ptove the following trigonometric
identities :
l'.' stn0
L J =cosece ard 'oso
sinq=rote1l (sin 0 + cosec 0)2 + (cos 0 + sec 0)2
(ii) First Temr = 7 + tan2 0 + co$0. (CBSE 200& OZC)
sin A + cosA sin A - cosA Solution: LHS = (sin 0 + cosec 0)2 + (cos 0 + sec 0)2
sin A - cosA sinA + cosA = (sin2 0 + coseC0+ 2sin 0 cosec 0)
+ (cos2 0 + sec2 e + 2cos 0 sec 0)
(sinA + cosA)2 + (sinA - cosA)2
(sin A - cos A) (sin A + cos A)
= frir,'o *.or""'g * zri,., g 1)
(sin2 A + cos2 A +
\ sin 0,i
2sinAcosA)
+ (sin2 A+ cos2 A
- 2sinAcosA) +[cos2o+sec2o+z"o"e 1 )
sin2A-cos2A \ cos 0/
(si#g+coseC0+2)
+ 2sinAcosA)+ (1- 2sinAcosA)
+ (cos2 0 + seC 0 + 2)
= (sin2 0 + cos2 0) + (sec2 0 + cosec2 0) + 4
1... sin2A + cos2A = 1l
= 1+{(1 +tan20;+(1 + cot20)} +4
= -:--;--------;=
sin' A cos' A = Second Temr (Proved)
{... sec2 e = 7 + tan2 e and. cosec2 0 = 1 + mt2 0l
-
22 = 7 + tan2 0 + cod 0 = RHS.

sinz A - (1- sin2 A) 2sin2 A - 1 Example 8: Ptove that:

= Third Temr. cosece-1
(sec 0 + tan o)2
Exavrple 6: Prove that: = cosec0+1'- (CBSE SA 2017)

(0 (sin€ - cos$ + 1) cosec2O = 2 Solution:

(i0 sin60 + cos60 + 3 sin20 cos20 = 1 LHS = (sec0+tan0)2
Or ( t sin o )'? _ (1+ sin
sin50 + cos$ = 1 - 3 sin20 cos20- _ | _+_ |
O)'?

l.cose cos0J cos' o

Solution:
(1+ sin 0), (1+sin
(, LHS = (sina€ - cosaO + 1) coseCe = lf rt"tt = (1+ sin 0)(1- sin 0)
O)'?

[(sin2e + cos2e)(sin2e - cos20) + 1] coseCo

((1) (sin20 - cos20) + 1) eoseC0 I
1+sin0
l.: sin20 + cos20 = 1'1 -_ 1-sino _--l"i,.'o*1
_:_1
(sin20 - cos20 + 1) cosec20 sin 0
(sin20 + sinP0) coseC0
lDiaiding numerator and denominator by sin 0l
1.,. 1- cos20 = sin21l cosec 0 + 1
2sin30cosec20=2=RHS. = -----------:---:
cosec 0 - 1
= RHS-
 @I
Example 9: Prove the following trigonometric t 2cosec o I
identities: = sinO { -------------=- - I
Icosec'0 - cot'0.J
(i)
' --=1 - =s€cO-tanO
sece + tan U
= ,ir'ref2t":"t0) l.; cosec20-co! e='11
sece - tan0 \1)
r-,1
"" - 1- 2secotano + 2tan2 e
sec0 + tanO / 1)
= 2 (sin 0 cosec e) = z[sine x _J
sin 0 sin0
(iiil
cot0+cosec0 cote - coseco = 2(1)=2=RHS.
Solutioru Example 10: Prove the following trigonometric
identities:
(fl LHS = -
1

" sec e + tano cosA sinA

1 --=:jl + --i::j:- = cos A + sin A. (CBSE 2007)
sec 0- tano 1- tanA 1- cotA
sece + tane sec0 - tan0 Solution:
lMultiplying and diaiding by sec 0 - tan cosA sinA
LHS = 1- tanA 1-cotA
sec0 - tan0 sec0 - tan0
sec'o - tan'O 1 cosA sinA
- sinA '- cos A
l'.'sec2o-tan20=11 t_- I_
cosA sinA
= sece-tan0=RHS.
sec0-tanO
cos'A sin2 A
(ii) LHS cosA - sinA sinA - cosA
sec0+tane
aos'A A
sinz
sec0 - tano - tano sec0
seco + tano sec0 - tan0 cosA - sinA cosA - sinA

lMultiplying and diaiding by sec e - tun 07

"o.'A-sir,'A
'(sec cosA -sinA
0 - tan0)2
= ;;o-ta#o _ (cosA - qinA) (cosA + sin A)
cosA-sinA
sec2 0 + tuo2 e - 2sec0 tan o
= cosA+sinA=RHS.
1
Example 11: Prove the (ollowing trigonometric
l': sec2e-tun2e=11 identities:
(1 + tan20) + tan2 g - 2 sec 0 tan 0
l': sec2o=1+tan2el sin2o-sin4o'
1-2 sec 0 tan e + 2 tan2 0 = RHS. (CBSE 2008, 07)
sin 0 sin 0
(ili) We have:
coto - cosec 0
cot0 + cosec 0
LHs= 11+-l)lr.-1-)
\ tan'01\ cot'O.)
sin0 sin0
coto + cosec 0 coto - cosec 0

sin 0 sin 0
LHS =
cot0 + cosec 0 coto - cosec 0 secz bcosec2o sec2 ocosec2o
(tan 0 cot 0)2 1

=.ir,el 1 .---l ] 11 1,

Icosec0+cot0 cosec e-cot0J =

;;to ;r^'e (1 - sin'0) sin'0
.
^ {cosec0-cot0+cosece+cot0
............... --------_ I
=
1
re = RHS.
- sur v \ (cosec
"i"ze -;t
[ 0 + cote) (cosec 0 - coto) J
E@
Example 12; Prove the following trigonometfic
identitiesr sinso+cos3o
(ii) I,EIS = + sirr ecos 0
(1 + cot 0 sinB + cos0
- cosee 0) (1 + tane + sec0) = 2.
(cBsE 2008)
= -Eaq1l91gj('-_9::-!l9:9fj9{g + e.o"o
Solution: sinO+cosO "i,
LHS = (1+ cot 0 - cosec e) (1 + tan 0 + sec 0)
I': a3 +F= (a+b) (a2
-ab +V)l
n.o"0 _ 1 )(r* rho * 1 ) -
=(sirf 0 sin 0 cos 0 + cos2 e) + sin O cos 0
= [l
\ sin 0 sin 0 / \ cosO cos 0l =sin2 0 + cos2 o = 1 = RHS.

-\/ sin0 + cosO - 1) i cos0 + sin0 + 1 )

"*o J( ."re l
_ (1sine+cose)-t)( (sin0
- l-
'*o ll
+ + cos0)
cos 0 I
(sin0+c6sg)2 -12
sin0cos 0 Example 14:Prove that cos20- sin20 = -&9-
1-tan'0
i" r,ot
sin2 0 + cos2 0 + 2sinOcosO - 1
an idenHty.
sin 0 cos 0
2tan e
1+ 2 sinO cos0 Solution: We have: cosz 0 - sirfo= ...(1)
- 1
_
Zsin0cos0 _, 1_t""%
sir, 0 cos 0 sin 0 cos I Putting 0 = 30', LHS =
= RHS.
cos2 30" - sini 30.

Example 13: Prove the following trigonometric /J5l' rrt' 3 1 1

identities:
\z) \2/ 4 4 2

(i) ; o--: + sin3 o

cos2
- *----------- = 1+sinecosO
1- tan0 sinO - cosO
^i-1
z>< 2*-E
2tan30' E
(ii) -sin3o+cos3o
---:----------- + sinocoso = 1, rHs=r-,,,rz3y=
srnu + cosc
,_i.E] r_5
Solutioru "T=;I
(' 0 + sin3 0 ^1
zx-
LHS = t-tano
"os'
sin 0 - coso
= ---- \i3= vJ
r
'
_ cos2 e * sin3o n
. sin0 sinO-cos0
cos 0 Thus LHS + RHS.
cos3 o sin3 0 Hence, equation (1) is not an identity.
cos0- sin0 cosO-sin0 Trigonometric Identities Involving T-Ratios of
1, Complementary Angles
= -cosu-----. - [cos'0-sin'01 Example 15; Show that:
- srn u ,t
1 ( '3: cosec258' - 1cot58' tan.32'
= cos0-sin0 ("oso - sino) 3

cos0sing + sin2 0)
(cos2 0 + - 3: tan13" tan37' tan45' tan53" tan77" = - 1
l.: aj *F = (a
-b) (a2 + ab + b2)l (cBsE 2m9)
= cos2 0 + cos 0 sin 0 + sin2 0
= (cos2 0 + sirf 0) + sin 0 cos 0 (ii) (sin2 25' + sin2 65') + J5 (tan 5' tan 15" tan 30"
tan 75'tan 85') = 2 (CBSE 2008)
= 1+sin0cos0=RHS.
 @I
Solution
')-') (iii)
"or""
o,'[ -1ffi = 1.
(, tHS = cosec'58o -;cot58o ian 32"
i 4. (, zcos2 o + --2---.--
1+cot'0
=, (CBSE 2oo9c)
-itan 13' tan 37' tan 45" tan 53' tan77'
.,
aa
= 1cosec258' -i cot58' tan(90' - 58') (il) 1+ _tan2 e = Sec S
J.) 1+sec0

1 . 1
- ?,ur,
J
rr" ,- gr' tan 45' tan(90'- 37) tan(90" - 13') (iii) =,-'
1+tan2e 1+cot20
= 'JJ.osec2 58' -' cot 58' cot 58' /^ coso .-- 1+ sino
\'/ 1-sino coso
- "3 tan13' tan37'tan 45'cot 37'cot13' cosO 1- sin0
lrl't
,-,)^6 -cotz 58' - (tan13' cotl3')
' ' sin0 cos0
1+
='cosecz58" - -
JJJ
rtil 1 + 1
tan45'(tan37'cot37') ' ' -=-
1+sine 1-sin0 =2sec2o.
1(
= 1("ose.2 5s" -cot'? 58') - :3(1) (1) (1) (r) (cosec 0 + sin 0) (cosec t-
3' ' "1"?rr,
* ** U
,q1
-(1)_-=-'=_1=RIIS.
= 3., 3 3
t - sirf 0 = tan2 0 sin2 0
tan2 0
(iii) (1+ tan2 e) (1 - sin e) (1 +. sin 0) = t.
(ii) LHS = sirf zs' + si# 65" + Jg (tan 5" tan 15'
tan 30' tan 75' tan 85')
2
7. ll O = 60', show that : (l) sin 0 =
= sirf 25. + sin (90. - 25") + J5

(tan 5'tan rS' t (90" - 15) tan (90'- 5'))

f " (cBsE sA 2017)
= (1) + (1) (tan 5' cot 5') (tan 15" cot 15')
l': sin2 25" + cos2 25" = 17 Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II)
= 1 + (1) (1) (1)= I + 1 =2= RHS. Prove the following trigonomekic identities (8 - 33):
8. (l) (sin 0 - cosec 0) (cos 0 - sec 0)

tano + coto
Short Answer Type Questions (S[AB-I) (ii) sin2 e + cosa 0 = cos2 0 + sina e
Prove the following kigonometric identitiesl (ili) coseC0- cosec2 0 = cof 0 + coP0.
1. (,) (1 - sirfO) sec20 = 1 9. seC 0 (1 - sinP 0) - tan2 e = 1.
(il) (l + tan2e) cos20 = I
lo. ,;' 1 - tho = (seco - tano) 2

- 1) (coseCa - 1) = t
(lil) (seCA '-' I + sin 0
(rr) S*'o *..*Co = tano + coto. 1+ sin 0
(iit
' ]__:]:]=(sec0+ tanO) 2

Z. (l l-$nu
O -cos 0) (1 + cos 0) (1 + coP 0) = 1
(ii) (1 - sin 0) (1 + sin 0) (1 + tan2 0) = 1 1+ cos0
{iii) -, _ = (cosec 0 + cot 0)2
(,r,) sirfe cof e + cos20 tan2o = 1. ",r*ry
3. (r) sec 0 (1 - sin 0) (sec 0 + ian 0) = 1
(lu) 1- cos0
(r) sin 0 (1 + tan 0) + cos 0 (1 + cot 0) ' 1+ coso = (cosec 0 - cot0)2.
= sec 0 + cosec 0 {CBSE 2OO8)
-
I@
/1-srn0 1-tax2o
11. (4 =secO-tanO 23. (i) :----- ,: = cos'e - sinz 0
V1+sr^o t + tan'0

(it F + cosO (ii) -1-tan2e

"- 'l = tan.0.
= cosec 0 + coto . cot' e -
!1-coso
24. (0 tan0 * ------:------
tan e
2cosec 0
rT -..re secu- I seco+1 =
-:_-
12. *{t*";=ztot"te'
coto + -----------
cosec0+l
li" -------:--=
cosecU+I cote -=2sec0
1?. r,'\
1111
" sece- tane coso coso seco+ tane ,_^ shO - cos0 sin 0 + cos0 z
--- ' sin0 + cos0 sin0-cosO 2sin2e_1
11 +
(r, secoL seco+ 1=2cosecocoto ,--, - cosO 2sec20
sin0+cosO. sin 0
' - cos0 sin0+cos0 tan20_1'
sin 0
(lli) cosec 0 cosec 0
--illilJ-=2s".29.
cosecu--t
--:-:+ cosec0+1 cos3o+sin3o cos3e-sin3e
26.
cos0+sin0 +--=-_=2
14. (i) (sec 0 + ran 0 -1) (sec 0 cos0-sine
- tan 0 + 1) = 2tan 0
(li) (1 + cot 0 - cosec 0) (1 +tan0+sec0)=2. sino cos 0
sec0+ tane- I cosec0+cot0-l - ''
15. (r) sec60 = tan6 0 + 3tan2 0 sec2 0 + 1
cosO cosec 0- sin0 secO
() cosec6 0 = cot6e+ 3cot20 cosec2o + 1. 28. -------:-----.- -=cosec0-sec0.
coso + sino
16.
...
(i) tanA + tan B
;rA;;;=tanAtanB cotz 0 (sec0 - 1) . / 1- sin0 \
29.
1."t"0 =sec'ol1*seco,l'
,--. tanA+sinA secA+1 sinA-sinB cosA-cosB
tanA-sinA
\'!/=----:.--
secA_1 30.
cosA + cosB sinA + sinB =o
--+
17. (0 - coslA. si#B = sin2A -
sin2A cos2B sin2B tanA+tanB
(ii) tan2A seCB - sec2A tan2B = tan2A - tan2B. cotA + cotB =tanAtanB.
18. cotzA cosec2B - coPB cosec2A - coPA - cot2B.
(.
l1+-- t \i-
lllr i )l=-- 1
32.
\ tan'A/[
cot, A / sin2A-sinaA'
sec0-1 / sinO \2
79. cot0+cosece-1 1+coso
sec0+i (1+cos6./
".10-".*"e.1= "i"0
sine+1+cos0
-=l-l 1+sin0 Without using kigonometric tables, evaulate the
20. (,
cosO - 1- sin0 cose folJowing:
...
(i) sec2 54"- cot2 36. .! 2sinz 3g. sec2 52" _ sh2 45"
/ 1+ cos0 + sin0 \2 1+ sin0
(i,
| 1+ cos0 - sin0 I - 1-.t"e '
cosec'57o - tan' 33"
--+:----j:r+-
27. (, (rt) secaS" 2
-;+-.=tar 17'tan38'tarl60" tan52. tan73.
(1 - sin 0 + cos 0)2 = 2(1 + cos 0) (1 - sin 0) --
cosec5l" J3

(it (cosec 0
1-cose. - 3 (sin2 31' + sin2 s9.).
- cot o)2
' = 1+ cose Prove that none of the following is an identity :

0)sin20-cosec0=1
cosO-sinO+1 (li) tan2 0 + sin
22. (4
O = cos2O.
cos0 + sin0-1 =cosec0+coto 2tan0
(cBsE SP 2018)
(1t,.) cos. U - srn.O =
l+tan2o'
sin0-2sin30 .a ).
If sin e + cos 0 =O, then evaluate tan 0 + cot
(ii) ___ __=tane 37. If cos 0 + sin 0 = ,[ sin O prove that:
o.
2cos'0 - cose
cos 0 - sin g = ,!cos 0.
 @a
Long Answer Type Questions sin 0 cos 0
= 1.
Prove the following trigonometric identitiee (38 - t18): s€ce+ tan0-1 cosec 0+cot0-1
cosec e + cote
38. = (cosec 0 + cot 0)2 sin3e+cos3o
cosec e - coto +sin0cos0=1.
sin0+cos0
= 1 + 2cod0 + 2cosec 0 cot 0.
sec0+tane
=1+2tan20+2secetane. If cot21+0(sece - 1) ser, o /1-sinO\
*a€ - tr" e 46. =
sino---- [1 +seceJ.

sin0 + cos0 sin 0 - cos0 47. (1 + cot e + tan 0) (sin 0 - cos 0)

sinO - cos0 sin 0 + cos0 seco
"--': ----:-
= cosec'O
cosec 0
= sin 0tan 0-cot e cos e.
sec'0

-+- =
;;to-;t"T = ,;roL (sec 0 - cosec 0) (1 + tan 0 + cot 0)
= tan 0 sec 0 - cot 0 cosec 0.
41. (1 + tan 0 + cot 0) (sin 0 - cos 0) If Tn = s;n' g + cosz 0, prove that:
/ sec0 cosec 0\
- t---t
l.or""'o r".2 o ./'
Te -Ts
T1
-
Ts -Tz
T3

42. sin6 0 + cos6 0 + 3 sirf 0 cos2 0 = 1.

43. sins 0 - coss 0

Ar.lswrns
= (sirf 0 - cos2 01 11 - 2sirP 0 cos2 e).

34' (, ,5 (,0 o

8.8 QI,JESTIONS BASED ON ELIMINATION

Irt order to eliminate 0, called the 'eliminant' for the given trigonometric equation, we shall use the fundamental
trigonometric identities uiz.
si# 0 + cos2 o = 1, seCe - tan2 e = 1, cosec2 0 - cot2 0 = 1.

E lu-usrRarve Exruples
Example 1: Eliminate '0' from the equations: Example 2:lt r = a sin 0 + b cos 0 and y = a cos 0
r=acos0andy=6s;n6. - b sin 0, prove thatz+ yl = fi a 62.*
Solution: The given equations are:
Solution: The given equations are:
x = acos 0 ...(1)
r=/tsin0+&cos0 ...(1)
and / = bsin0 ...(2) and y=4 cos 0 - D sin e ... (2)

x Now, 12 + f =(a sin 0 + b cos 0)2 + (a cos 0-& sin 0)2

From (1), -a = cos0 ...(3)
lusingD A@)
u + tscos2 0 + 2ab sin 0 cos 0)
From (2), i- = sin0 ...(4) = (a2 sin? 0
b
+ (a2cos2 0 + *su,':0 - Znb sin 0 cos 0)
Squaring and adding,

4*4="o.'e*.m'e
-
=r2(sin2 0 + cos20) + ts (sin2 0 + cos2 0)
a' b' =i(1) + l?(1) f': sin20+cos2e=1l
x" v - Hence, I +f =a2+*.
b' =
1.
a'
E@
Example 3: If tan 0 + sin 0 = ,r, and tan 0 - sin 0 = r, *2
prove that - fiyz = 16 mn ot m2 - = 4Jffi
1 = _=----:- n2
lm2 n2 . sin' A tan' A
Solution: The given equations are:
l...cosec2B - mt2B =1)
tan0+sin0 = m ..(1)
and tan 0 -sin 0 = n ...(2)
m2 n2 cos2 A
Adding (1) and (2), 2 tan g = m + n .t"T--rt"zA
tfi +n = sin2 A co*A
= m2 - n2
:+ tanO= ...(3)
= 1-cos2A n2 co*A
= nP -
Subhacting (2) from (1), 2 sin 0 = m - n
+ (r2 - 1)cos2 A = m2-7.

m-n Hence, -7
m2
sine= 2
...(4)
cos2A =
7-'
, Example 5: If sec0+tan0=I,showthat =
From(3),cot0=:.
m+fi
$f "-e.
(cBsE 2009)
2
From (4), cosec 0 = Solution: We have: sec e +tan 0 = l, ...(1)
*_"
Putting in coseC 0 - cot2 0 = 1, we get: .r. fl -1 _ (seco + tane)l -r
= lusing (1)l
X' +1 (sec0 + tan0)2 + 1
( 2 \'-( 2 \'=t
\^-") \-+") sec2 0 + tan2 o + 2sece tano - 1

44 sec2 e + tan2 e + 2sec0 tan e+ l

(m -n)2 (m +n12 - '
1sec2 0 -1; + tan2 0 + 2sec0 tan0
4(m+ n\2 - 4(m-n12 - sec2 0 + 2sec0tane + (1+ tan2 e)
--(m-nf 1**nS = t
tan2 0 + tan2 e + 2secOtanO
4{(m2 +n2 +zmn) - (nt2 +n2 -zmn1} - sec2 0 + 2secOtanO + sec2 0
(*' - n')' =1
2tan2 0 + 2secetane
4(4nn)
= ,*.iT -,r".€t""0
1.
(*' - n')' 2 tan O(tan 0 + sec 0)
Hence, (m2 - =
n2)2 16 pn = ,*.0(*.e + t- 0)
or m2 - n2 = 4"!mn . tanO sinO
= *.0 =..r0.*"e
Example 4: If tanA = z tan B and sin A = m sin B, prove
sin0
-----:-=sm0=RHS,
=
that cog2 A = 4-1. 1
tt'-l Example 6: If a cos 0 - b sin 0 = c, prove that:
Solution: The given equations are: ,--:--------:-
(a sin0 + b cos0) = *,r!ar+br-cr.
tan A = ntanB "..(1)
Solution: We have : a cos 0 - b sin 0 = c ...(1)
and sinA = msinB ...Q)
Now, cos 0-bsin 0)2 + (a sin 0+ Dcos 0)2
(a
For the required result, it is indicated that B is to the
= (a2 cos2 0 + b2 sir? 0 - 2tb sin 0 cos 0)
eliminated.
+ (a2 siilt2 O + l? cos2 e + 2rb sin O cos O)
From (1), cot B = -i ..(3) = ,2 (cos2 0 + si# 0) + b2(sirf e + cos2 e)
tan A
= a2 +B
From (2) B = srn.4.A ..(4) :+ 4 + (a sin0 + b cos0)2 = a2+*
"os". lusing (1)1
Squaring and subtracting,
(asin0+bcos0)2 a'+ b. - (.
m2 n2 r-;-----;------;
coseCB - cot2B = - t".tA Hence, (asinO+bcos0) +\la'+b'-c'.
"t"tA
 @I
9. If tanA = n tan B and sin A = m sin B, prove that
cos'A = "; -.
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-I) n'-l
1. Eliminate '0' from the equations: 10. If r=asec0+ btan0and y=atan 0+bsec0,
(, x=asec 0 and y =btang prove that *- Y2=a2-P.
(ii) x=a cosec 0 and y =bcot0.
2. Eliminate '0' from the equation: Long Answer Type Questions
r = sin 0 + cos 0, y = sin 0 - cos 0. 11. If cosec 0 - sin 0 = a3 and sec 0 - cos 0 = ts, prove
3. (i) If sece+tan0 =m alrrd sec e-tan0= lr, +hat *F (a2 + V) = 1.
ProYe lhat mn = l. tZ. Ilm=stn0+ cos 0 and z = sec 0 + cosec 0, prove
(ri) If cosec 0 + col g = m and cosec 0 - cot 0 = r,
prove that nxl, = 1. that n(m2 - 1) = 2m.
4. If x =, cos3 0 and A = b stn3 0, prove that: 13. If r = r cos ct sin 9, y = t cos u cos p and
22 z = r sin cr, prove that I + f + z2 = P-
[l), * [z), =, 14. If cot0+tan0=,,1andsec0-cos0 = n,prove
\a) \b) that:
5, If rcosec0=aand y cotg= b, prove that 22
a' b' (mzn1i - 1mn21i =1.
--;---;-r
x' y' 15, If tan 0 + sin 0 = m and tan 0- sin 0 = fl/ Prove
that:
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II)
l r*-n2= 4Jmn.
o. tf lsin}-f;cosO= and lcoso+f;sinO=t,

prove that:
.4.b. * !-=2. Auswrns
'-
7. If sin 0 + cos 0 = m and sec 0 + cosec 0 = , prove
*tal n(r? - 7) = 2m.
- o asinl - bcosl a2 -b2
1. G) a-,-#=1
b'
(ii)-a--=1
a' b'
.2.x2+f=2.
R
"' If tan 0 = :.
b' show that: asin9+bcosO a' +b'

-
HrNrs ro Seucreo Quesnorus
2
9. ianA=n B = tan cotB =
.o"5 o
tan A
sinA= m sinB = cosec B = -f1- sinS o
sin A
Euare and subkact,
_. L 1 -cos2 o sinz o
m2 ,| hi _ __coSU =
cosec2 B - cot2 B = -iltA cos 0 cos0 sin0
"t"tA ?
m2
- sin'A
n2
tarr'A
1 - - sin3 0
1

= m2- n2 cosz A
= sin'zA "o.5
e
+ m2 - n2 cos2 A
= L cos2A - 14. mzn = sec3 0

= (n'?- 1)cos'zA = m2 '1, - seco = (m2n)i

1

cos2A =
m2 -1 and mn2 = tan3 0
- 7-1 1

1 l-sin2O cos'0 = tan 0 = (mn2)i .

11. ai = Square and subtract.

sin0 sinO sin 0
--SlnU
 8.Y EVALUATIoN ot' TRIGoNoMETRIC RATIos IN TERMS OF ONE OF THEM
When sin 0 is givery find all other kigonometric ratios.
't*l- sin o = r.
l
sin 0 x
"org = ,/i-rin'e = ,lr:7
11
, tan0=
cos0

11
W
cosec 0 = ---= - sec0=cosu
^ =_-==
sino x _
,/l 'r2

and cote j=
= tane
"T4 V
x
Similarly, we can find the different trigonometric ratios when the values of cos 0, tan 0, sec 0, cot 0 and cosec O are
grrror.

lulusrnrrve Exauples
4
If sin 0 =
Example 1:
i, find the values of other Example 3: Given tan 0 = f , evaluate
#Htr+
trigonometrie ratios. (cBsE sA 2017)
Solution: We have: sin 0 = 4
=.
5 Solution: Here, tan 0 =
f16 3
1.
.'. cos 0 = ,II--
\25 5 2sin0cos0 2tan0
4
Now,
;JT-rt"to = i-t-T
= 5
tan e=
| = 1,.o*.e=
3
1
[Dizriding numerator and dmominator by cos2 0)
- 5
sine 4
2t4/r)
2(4/ 3) -
8/3 8 9 24
seco= 1, = 1= l,"ote= 1 =1.
= 1:@7* = l-ws=l^j=-V'
cosor3tano4
5 - 4:
Example If cot 0 = 3, find the value of
q 8'
Example 2: If cot 0 = -:, find the values of sec 0 and (2 + 2sine) (t - sino)
(cBsE 2009)
(1 + cosO) (2 '
cosec 0. - 2 cosO)
q Solution:
Solution: We have: cot 0 =
i .
(2 + 2sine) (1- sin0)
_ 2(1+sinO)(1-sinO)
40
... tan e=
T.
(1+.cos0) (2 - 2cos0) 2(1 + cos0) (1- cos0)
2(1 - sin2 0) cos2 0
(, sec 0= = ,1 -;oJ o) = -:--2
^ = cot2 e

/, 1600
_11+- 115\2 225
=
v81 -[a/ - ol

(ii) cosec 0 = d.""t'o= t7

=
r/'.(* Example 3; If sec A=
;, show that:

ts1
- V'' _,-_t16s1
- \ireoo -
3- 4sin'?A 3- tan': A
(CBSEsA2017)
rooo a;g8,A-3 = i:5rr"tA'
 @I
Here,secA=; +cosA=
t78 r 1\ / 1\
Solution:
7 = [x+-]+[r- G) =2'.
289 225 Adding (1) and (3), sec e + tan €
and tanz A =seczA-1= SS -1= 64 / 1\l-l.r--
/ 1\I 1
- lr+-
\ 4x) \ 4x.l = 2x
3-4sin'?A
4cos'?A-3 - 4cos2A-3 1
Hence, sec0+tan0 = 2r o,,
4cos2 A
-1
=a;JA-3

+(e\-t
\289 ) 256-289
-
/jq;)
\289
256-867 Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-D
1. Find the values of other trigonometric ratios:
3 4
(0sine= g (il) coq0=
-33 33 5
411= 611' ,n
2. If sin 0 = r * ,0'< 0 < 90", find the values
))\ la' + b'
3-tan2 A
3 - --:: of cos e and tan e.
RI{S = 1- 3 tan'- A = ))q 1 2sec 0
64
3. If cos e =
,, find the value of
1+tanr,.
792-225 _ *33
.,
-
33 4. If sin 0 =
;, find the value of (tan 0 + sec 0)2.
64_6?s --._677 671.
3
Hence LHS = RHS. 5. If cos e = U
, find the value o{ cosec 0 + cot 0.

If
1
x+;i, prove that
12 1+ sino
Example 5: sec 0 = 6. If tan 0 =
U
, find the value of
1_ ,im
.

sec0+tan0 =zxo, f-. cosec2o + cot2 o

2x 7. If cot 0 = .,J6, find the value of [ffi[[d.
Solution: Wehave: sec0= x+1 .. (1) 1 co"ec2o - sec2 o
4x s. the value of ---------;- ---
lf tan 0 = --4 , find .
12 cosec'o + cot'0
Squaring, 0 "11 13 2sin0 3cos0
9. lf cosec 0 = ,-, find the value of n*r6-- ,.os.
secz =
1,6x' 2 .

:=r 1+ tan20 "11

x'*-*- Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II)
16x' 2
10. If tan e + cot 0 = 2, prove that tan2 0 + coPo = 2.
1 1 / 1\2
= ian2 0
16xz 2 \ 4x) 2 sin2 A + 3 cot2 A
11. If cosec A = Jr, prove that Z tan[f;FA
tan 0
r i\
+lx--l 8
\ 4x.) 7'
tan, = (r_*) ...(2) 12. It Ji tan 0 = 3sin 0, find the value of
sin2o-cos2o.
t"rro = -fr-f) ...(3) 13. If sin 0 + cos 0 = J2 eos(90' - 0), find cot 0.
\ 4x)
Adding (1) and (2), sec 0 + tan 0
I@
ANswsns --- b
2. cos0= and tan0=1.
,,la' + b' b
I
cose = j
3 4 5
1. (r)
)
tan0=-
4'
.otg=- secg = -4 3. 1. 4.4 5.2
5
and cosec 0 = ;.
J 6. 25 ,.-27 f. 3
to io
3
(ii) slnH=- tantl=- cos ec e = IE sec0 = IE 1
5' 4' 5 4 9.3 72. ;J B. Ji-r.
4
and cot 0

Hrcxen onoen TxrruxrNc srcrrs (HorS)-

Example 1: Prove that sec'?0 + cosec,0 can neverbe less < 2xy
x'z+ yz
than 2.
=
= x2+y2-Zxy < 0=+(x-y)2 <0,
Solution: Suppose that sec2 0 + cosec, 0 < 2.
which is a contradiction.
Then, (1 + tanr 0) + (1 + cotr 0) < 2
1... Square of a real number can neoer be --'oel

-
= tan2 0 + cot'z 0
f... Sum
< 0, which is impossible.
of squares of two real numbers Hence, sin 0 can nur.", b" to '1+ /' .
is always non-negatiztel "qrrul 2xy
Hence, sec2 0 + cosec2 0 can never be less than 2.
Example 4: Prove that:
Example 2: Prove that the value of sin 0 can never be
2(sin50 + cos60) - 3(sina0 + cosaQ) + 1 = 0.
a+ :,
1
where 'a' is a positive number.
a Solution: LHS = 2(sin6 0 + cos6 0)

Solution:We know that - 3(sina 0 + cosa 0) + 1

= 2[(sin'? 0)3 + (cos'? 0)3] - 3(sina 0 + cosa 0) + 1

[.4-f]"' r Square of a real number 2 0l

= 2l(sin'? 0 + cos'z 0) ((sin'? O)'z- sin'? 0 cos, 0+ (cos, 0)r)]

=. (r4,.[#)'_,( ,l[+]', - 3(sina 0 + cosa 0) + 1

l.: a3 + bt = (a + b) (a, - ab + U)l

+ o* L -zro = o*! r2 = 2[(1)(sin' 0 + cosa 0 - sin2 0 cos, 0)'l
aa
+ sin 0 2 2, which is a contradiction. -3(si#0+cosa0)+1
= 2(sina 0 + cosa 0) - 2 sin2 0 cos2 0
l-.. sin 0 is always ! 1l
- 3(sina 0 + cosa 0) + 1
Hence, sin 0 can never b. o * !
a
.
=-(sina0 + cosa0) -2sinr0cos20 + L
= - (si# 0 + cosaO + 2 sinr0 cos, 0) + 1

Example 3:Show that sin 0 can never be e Stilb +l:" , =-(shr0+cos20)r+1

where x and y are non-distinct real nurnbers such that =-(1X+ 1=-1 + 1=0= RHS.
xy>0and0'<e<90".
Exanple 5;If cosec 0 - sin 0 = I and sec 0 - cos 0 = rz,
prove that:
* U'
Solution:tet us assume that sin 0 = fo. e irt
" 2xy ".r', l2mz(12 + n? +31 =1.
0'<0<90.. Solution:We have:
x2 +u2 cosec 0 - sin 0 = I and sec 0 -cos 0 = m.
-r* . -)'
l'.' sin 0 < l for 0" <0 < 90'\ Now, l2m2(12 + m, + 3)
 @I
= (cosec 0 - sin 0)' (sec 0 - cos O)'? sin2 0
1
[(cosec 0 - sin 0)' + (sec 0 - cos O)'? + 3]
= smo
and cos =v
"
aos'HX- U

' '2, \2

= ll-ri"ej Il . -.o.el
[sinO Jlcos0
cos 0

)
1 , sinz 0
and
-=X = v.
1 -.oro]'*:l cos 0 sin 0 cos 0
l[ '
ll'i"e
-.',"r1'*{
J lcos0 I l Now, (x2y)2/3- (xy2)2/3

lr-"it'e)'{1 "or'e\' I t ela' I 1 .. sinn o la'

su'
-l
_tttt
sino cose Jl J [sin'0cos'0 cos0 i lcos0sin 0 cos'eJ

[[r -,i"' el' *[r - el'

*,]
( t la' lrin'ela'
"o.' = l-l -l-l
[[ sine][coseJ] Icos'eJ [cos'eJ
ol'lrir" e1'f1."" el'z+lsin' 0l'z+3l
1
'., - sin'zO
"", , = sec2^ 0-
-
- l.os2 = cos'0 cos'0
tan'z0 = 1,

lsinoJIcosol[[ sin0l lcosol ]

which is true.
cosa ox sinaoJcosae sina e ^l Example 7: If sin 0 + sin'? 0 = 1, find the value of:
= I - + +Jl- -
sin2 o cos'z0 [sin, o cos'0 ] cosu 0 + 3 cos10 0+3 cos3 0+ cos6 0+2 cosa 0 +
2cos20-2.
. - ["o"uo+sinoo+3cos2osin2gl
= cos'osin'0l - - Solution: We have: sin 0 + sirf 0 = 1
cos' 0 sin' 0
I

I ]
sin0 = l-sin'zO
=
= {(cos'? 0)3 + (sinr 0)3} + 3 cos2 0 sirf 0 + sin 0 = cos'?0 ...(1)

= [(cos'z 0 + si# 0)3 - 3 cos'? 0 sirf 0 .'. cos12 0 + 3 cos10 0 + 3 cos8 0 + cos6 0 + 2 cosa 0 +
2cos20-2
(cos2 0 + sin'?0)l +3cos':0sin'?0
= (cos12 0 + 3 cos10 0 + 3 cos8 0 + cos6 0)
l'.' a3 + W = (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b)l +2(cosa0+cos'?0-1)
= [1-3 cos'?0 sin'z0 (1) + 3 cos'?0 sin'?0] = (cosa 0 + 0- 1)
cos2 0)3 + 2(cosa 0 + cos'?

= (sin'z0 + cos'z0)3 + 2(sin'?0 + cos'?0 - 1)

= 1-3 cos2 0 sin'z0 + 3 cos2 0 sin'?0
lUsing (1)l
=1=RHS. = (1)3 + 2(1 -1) = 1+2(0) =1+0 = 1.
Example 6: If cot 0 + tan e = .r and sec 0 - cos e =y, Prove
Example 8: If sin 0 + sin'z 0 + sin3 0 = 1, then prove that:
that
0 + 8 cos'z0 = 4.
cos6 0 - 4 cosa
tdy)!3-tafl ,=L.
Solution: We have: sin e + si# 0 + sin3 0 = 1
Solution: We have:
= sin 0+ sin3 0 = 1-sin'z0
cot 0 + tan 0 = r and sec 0-cos 0=y
sin 0(1 + sin'20) = cos'z0.
=
+ J-*12,1g =, and 1-cosg=y Squaring, si# 0(1 + sin2 0)2 = cosa e.
tan 0 g cos
+ (1 - cos'?0X1 + (1- cos'?0))' = cosn 0

1+tan20 1-cos2 0 + (1 - cos'zO)(2 = - cos2 0)2 cos4 0

tan 0 cos 0 + (1 - cos'? 0)(4 - 4 cos2 0 + cosa 0) = cosn 0

= 4-4 cosz 0 + cosa 0-4 cos2 0

sec2 o sin2 o

tan 0 cos 0
+ 4cosa 0-cos6 0= cosa 0

+ cos6 0 - 4 cosa 0 + 8 cos'? 0 = 4 which is true.

 Example 9: If tan, 0 = 1 - a, prove that: (1 + cos c)'? (1 + cos p), (1 + cos 12
sec 0 + tan3 0 cosec 0 = (2 - a)*. g
-@ = (1 - cos, cr) (1 - cos, p) (1 + cos,
Solution: We have: tan2 Q =7-a ...(1) (1 + cos oc), (1 + cos p), (1 + cos 1),
Now, sec 0 + tan3 0 cosec 0
= sin'? cr sin, I sirf T
sece(sec0+ tanr 0cosec0) (1 + cos a) (1 + cos p) (1 + cos y)
sec 0
=rsindsindsiny.
lMultiptying and dioiding by sec 0l
Hence, one of the values of;
cosec 0] (1 - cos a) (1 + cos p) (1 + cos 1) is sin cr sin p sin y.
= "". elt + tu,,' ,
I sec0 ]
Similarly, by multiplying both sides by (1 - cos cr)
(1 - cos p) (1 - cos y), we can prove that one of the values
= sec 0{1 + tan3 0 x cot 0}
of (1.- cos cr) (1 - cos B) (1 - cos 1) is sin a sin p sin y.
= ,tf * tr"' e tf + tan, 0(tan e x cot e)l Example 11: If tan, O = 1 - m2, prove that:
= J 1+ tan' 0 {1 + tan, 0 (1)l sec 0 + tans 0 cosec 0 = t (2
- m2lw.
Solution: We have: tan2 0 = 7 - m2.
= gri - t""T O + tan, o) = (1 + tu,.' e)u"
.'. sec2 0= 1 + tan2 0 = 1 + 1 - m2 = 2 - m2
=(1 + 1 - a)3/2 [Using (1)1
= (2 - a)3/2, which is true. + *"e = *Ji17 ,..(1)

Example 10: Given that: Now sec 0 + tanr 0 cosec 0

(1 + cos c) (1 + cos pXl + cos fl
= sec o + turr, g ltun g. 1 ]
= (1 .: cos a) (1 - cos p) (1 - cos fl, I sin 0J
show that one of the values of each member of this
equality is sin c sin p sin 1. (sin0 1 l
Solution: We have = sec0+tan2Ol
"(cos 0 sin 0J
I

.
(1 + cos a) (1 + cos p) (1 + cos y)

=(1 -cos d) (1 - cos p) (1 -cosy)

= sec 0 + tan,0 (sec 0)
+ (1 + cos cr)2 (1 + cos p), (1 + cos 1), = sec 0 (1 + tan, e) = sec 0. sec2 0
= (1 -cos u) (1 -cos p) (1 -cosg (1 + cos cr)
= secr 0
(1 + cos p) (1 + cos 1)
grlultiplying both sides by (1 + cos a) = ("^[r-*'-)' lusing (1)l
(1 + cos p) (1 + cos
ll = (2 - z,)3/r, which is true.

Aoornonll Quesloru
Example 1:'.{ friend'8, to show that x + 1=
asked his L
-2>0
x x
sin 0, where ,r/ is a real number. A knows that the
problem is impoesible. wa _
1
:'
x
solution: we kno* *," - >o Butsin031.
[",E fJ'
1
Hence, the problem is impossible.
1
x+ - -2.,1x. ---
V.r
>0
 @I

NCERT Exencrses (Sorveo)

Q. 3. If sin A = calculate cos A and tan A.

i,
In AABC, right-arigled at B, AB = 24 cm. c
Q. 1'
BC=TctuDetemdne:
(i) sin A, cos A (ii)sinQcosC
SoI. By Pytlagoras' Thmrem,

- -
Sol. Here, sinA=:4
BC3
24 cn B AC4
AC = AB2 + BC2 BC= 3k
Qa)2 + (42 and AC = ak,
= 576 + 49 = 6'25 where k> 0.
AC = 25 cm.

BC7
an= r(ac;r@ = {Af:(3kf
A
(0 sin
AC 25 =J@:fr=W=ot.
AB 24
AB k=JV
and cos A = AC = 25' cosA = ^lV
aC= +f 4

(ii) AB 24
sin C
AC 25 BC3K3
and tanA= AB=m=T.
BC7
and cosC = eC =25. Q. 4. Given 15 cot A = 8, find sin A and sec A.
Sol.
Q. 2. In the fig,, find tan P - cot R

15*

o u*
We have:
.a 15cotA = 8
I
Sol. By Pythagons' Theoran, 3 cotA = -:-
15
QR2= PR2- PQ2
= (13)z - $2)2 = 169 - r44 = 25 AB8
QR= s.
BC 15.
Now, tan P - cot R .'. BC = 15t and AB - 8k, where k > 0.

98 ... AC = GBt+Bct = ek),+Eskf

= 9ts
PQ- PQ =0. = ,[@.'ts. = J,fjskz =17k'
 .'. BC 1.5k 15 AC BC
sm A = i
-@ AC= 17k= AB AB
AC 1./k t7 :+ AC =BC
- AB + lB = ZA.
8k-8 f '.'Angles opposite to equal sid* are equalf
Q.5. Given sec 0 = f,|, calculate all other Hence, ZA = ZB.
trigonometric ratios. 7
Sol. We have: Q.7. Ifcot0= evaluate:
C 8,
.- (1 + sin 0) (1 sin 0)
'' (L + cos 0) (1 -- cos 0)
(ir) cof 0.
7
Sol. We have: cot 0 = i8 (1)

13 (1+ sin 0)(1- sin 0)

".
sec 0
12 (1+ cos0)(1- cos 0)
AC 13
,AB i' =
1- sin2 e cos2 0
=;Po
... AC
and AB
L3k
1.2k,
t;;o
where k 0. - (7\2 49
= cotzQ= l=l= -. lusing (1))
BC = r/ACz - AB, = ,lttzt<)' _ttzk)z \6/ 64

(ul ^ = l:l=- (7\' 49

coFe
= JErc =sr. u./ \ 64

.'. BC5K5 Q. 8. If 3 cot A = 4 check whether

srn0 = AC=13k=13
1 - tan2A
cos 0
AB 1.2k 72
-------------=-
1 + tan'A
= cosz A - sinz A or not.
=
AC 13k 13
-=-=- Sol. \.{g tpvg;
BC5K5
AB 72k=-.
tan u =
-=- 12
_113
sinO- -5
Also-' cosec e =

and.1t2coto= --
^=-=.
tanu 5
Q.6.lt ZA and lB are acute angles such that
cos A = cos B, then show thab ZA = ZB.
Sol. We have: cos A = cos B
3cotA
4
cot A
3
AB 4
BC J
AB =4k
and BC = 3k,
 @a
where k> 0. (l) sin A cos C + cos A sin C

.'. AC = JA#+BC'= [email protected] /BC\/BC\ /AB\TAB)

= I ll l+l- ll |

IAC,/\ACi
- -
\AC,/IAC/
-
= 16nz.roz = JNt& =st.
/BC\2 /AB\2 (k\2 (.r3k\'
... BC3K3
sinA = AC_=5k=s,
= l.m,] .lACj = [aJ .[ x
.J

.t
AB 4K4 /1Y IJ3-,2 1 13
_ _r-
cos A = [z].[zJ - -,|
4'4-''
= AC5K5
(ii) cos A cos C - sin A sin C
BC3K3
and tan A -AB4k4' rAB\/BC\ TBC\TAB\
IacJ[ec./ [acJ\ ec]
,- [q)'
\4)
[#)(#) (#)[#)
1-tan2A
LHS =
l. + tan2 A
;rif \41
, 9 t6-9
_ 16_ 16 _- ie
t+)(i) (;)(f)
t+-9 1.6+9
'25-725 J5J5^
1,6 76 16 44
RHS = cos2A-sirf A
Q' 10. In aPQ& right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm
I 4\2 ( z\'z "t6-g 7 and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values of sin P,
- tsl l5l - 25 2s' cos P and tan P.
Sol. lyg hayg; pR + QR = 25
Hence, LHS = RHS. + QR = 2s - PR ...(1)
By Pythagoras' Theorem,
Q. 9. In triangle ABC, right-angled at 4 if tan a = {, PR2 = PS+QR2
'/3 = (5)2 + (2s - PR)2
(ind the value of:
(0 sinAcosC+cosAsinC
= 25 + 625 + (PR)2 - 50 (PR)
50(PR) = 6s0
(i0 cos A cos C - sin A sin C.
PR = 13.
L R
Sol. We have: tan A =
Js
BC 1

AB J3

P
Putting in (1),
QR =25-13=72.
.'. sin P
QR 12
^Fz* PR 13'
... BC = k PQ= 5
and AB = Jst, cos P = PR 13
where k > 0.
AC= JAB'.BC = J#;F and tan P = QR=12.
PQ5
J+t'=x.
IE@
q. ff. State whether the fiUo,oir,g are true or
false.
|ustify your anewer.
(0 The value of tan A is always less than 1.
J3 I J5(1-Jr)
2J2 t+.13 2J2(1+Jr)(1-.6)
(i' secA=
12
- for some value of angle A. J5-s ."5-e .Ja
-sJ,
(iil cos A is the abbieviation used for the ffiw)= -iE -8
cosecant of angle A.
(la) cot A is the product of cot and A. z"lD-J6
=8
(o) sin 0 = 1 for some ange 0, sin 30" + tan 45.
3 (i7))
- cosec 60o
Sol. (l) False. sec 30' + cos 60' + cot a15.

Reason: Sides ofa right-angled triangle can have

any length and their tan A can assune any value.
1,2 32
2Jz
(il) True.
(ill) False.
1... sec A is a always > 1l =
zll; = 32
l'.' cos A
is abbrmiation used for cosine Al
(ra) Falee. cot A is not the product of
l'.' 3.15 - 4 (3Jd - 4) (3J5 - 4)
cot and A because cot has no meaning) 3J3+4
(o) False.
(3J5 + 4) (3J5 - 4)
l'.' sin 0 cannot be > 1l

_ (3Jr-4F _ 27 +i,6-24",15 $-24Ji

27 _L6 11 11

5 cos26oo + 4 sec2 30. - tan2 45.

Q. 1. Evaluate the following: (a)
(0 sin 60' cos 30o + Bin 30o cos 60. sin2 30. + cos2 30.
(A 2 h^2 4s" + cos2 3oo - ein2 60o
cos 45"
Qiit
sec 30" + cosec 30.

sin 30' + tan 45. - cosec 6{to

G?,)
sec 30. + cos 50. +
.
cot 45o
5L6 15+&_12
.. __---------=-
5cos26oo+4sec2 30'- tan2 45.
(z,)
I
-+--1
.=4 3 ---.-w-
sin' 30" + cr ;%0. 13
_
1 12'
(0 sin 60" cos 30. + sinr 30' cos 60' -+-
44
(Je) (.,6) rrrrr Q. 2. Choose the corlect option and justify your choice:
'.) 9*1=,
=l.z][z].t.z,it, ,l= 4 4 _-
(r,
2tan30"
(i{) 2 tan2 r[5' + cos2 3oo - sin2 60.
,
-------
1+ tan' 30'
=
t2^
=,,,r.[+l -l,+ I =2+ - IJ J
- _ -,
(a) sin 60"
(c) tan 60'
(b) cos 50"

\-,/ \'_,)4 tdl sin 30o

cos 45' 1- tan'? 45.
(iii) {a) =
sec 30o + cosec 30. ,**..*
1
.(a) tan
go' lb) |
Jz 11 (c) ein 45' (Ao
-;-\-- 2.12 l (ili) sin 2A = 2 sin A is true when A
lr].o' ,5
+1
(a) 0" (b) 30"
=

(c) 4s" lA 60"

 @I
' 2 tan3oo
Q. 4. State whether the following are tme or false.
o'o) justify your answer.
-(d) *gro" = (, sin (A + B) = sin A + siri B.
cos 60' 0) sin 60" (i0 The value of sin 0 increases as 0 increases.
(c) tan 60" @, sin 30'
(iir) The value of cos 0 increases as 0 increases.
So1. (i) Ans. (a)
(iu) sin 0 = cos 0 for all value of e.
I

,f 1) (a) cot A is not defined for A = 0'.

Reason:
2 tan 30' \./3 i Sol. (i) Ans. False.
l;I;r30o- ;r+f
\./3 ,/
Reason: Take A = 60'andB=30'.
sin (A + B) = sin (60''+ 30')
2 = sin 90' ! 1.
2 3=-J5
=iI =:x-J342
J3
= sin 6(1".
sinA + sin B = sin60"+sin30"
_ - t -J:+t
''6
(,,) Ans. (d)
lmce,
Hmce, sin (A + B) * sin A i sin B.
I -tan2 45" 1-(l)2 o ^
---------------- {.ns. True, when 0 increases from 0" to 90".
(ii) Ans.
Reason:
1 + tan' 45" 1+ (1)'
=:2 =U,
Reason:
Reason: sin 0o =.0,
=
(lli) Ans. (a) 1

Reason:
sin 30" = ;,
z
sin 2A = 2 sin A holds true for A = 0o and for no 1' I
other value oiz. 30', 45" and 60". sm r+J- = t:,
.
(lu) Ans. (c)
.13
Reason: sin 50' = I-
r and
2 tan 30"
"l )
"tJ5l
2
Ja
and sin 90" = 1.

.'. The value of sin 0 increases as 0 increases from

1 - tan2 30' ,_7TY 0' to 90'.
3
\J3l = (lli) Ans. False.
2 3 Reason: cos 0" = L,
X- = J5 = tan 60''
E 2
cos 30'
!5
t =
Q3.If tan (A + B) =J5 and tan (A - B) = 1
0< A + B < 90'; A > B, find A and B. cos 45' = ,12
Sol. tan(A+B) = J5 1
+ tan (A + B) = tan 60' cos 50o = :2
+ A+B = 60' ...(1) and cos 90' = 0.
1 .'. The value of cos 0 decreases from 1'to 0 as
tan(A-B) =
G 0 increases from 0' to 90'.
+ tan(A-B) = tan 30" (iz) Ans. False.
:. = 30' A-B ...(z) Reason: sin 30" * cos 30"; etc.
Adding (1) and (2), But sin 45' = cos 45o.
2A = 90' .'. sin 0 + cos 0 {or all values of 0.
+ A = 45'. (a) Ans. True.
Subhacting (2) from (1), Reason:ForA=0o,
28 = cosA cos0' 1
30" "+ B = 15'. cotA = slnA sin 0" - 0'
Hence, A=45' -
and B = 15'. which is not defined.
 + cosec (90" - 4A) = cosec (A - 20')
90'-t1,4,=A-20'
-@ Q. 1. Evaluate: tlA+A
90" + 20" =
sin 18' la,l.26' 110' = 5A.
'' cos720 cot 540 Hence, ZA = 22'.
(iil cos 48'- sin 42" (izt) cosec 31'- sec 59". Q. 6. If A, B and C are interior angles of a triangle
ABC then show that:
sin 18" sin 18" sin 18'
sol (0
. /r+c)l=cosl-
fA\
cos7Zo cos (90" - 18') sin 18' srnl- | (CBSE 201' 10)
\ 2 ) \2/'
(ii)
tan26" tan26" tat 26"
cot 64' cot (90'- 26') lat 26' /B+C\ /180'-A\
(lll) cos 48' - sin 42'
sol. LHS =r. [ ,.,J=t*[ , .,J

=cos (90' - 42") - sn 42' ['. lnAABC,A+B+C= 180'

=B + C=180"-Al
=sn 42" - sin 42' = 0.
/ A
(77) cosec Jl." - sec 59" ^\J = cos=
=shll 90._11 2 = RHS.
= cosec 31o - sec (90. - 31.)
= cosec 31o - cosec 3L' = 0. Q. 7. E)(Precs sin 67' + cos 75'in temls of kigonometric
Q. 2. Show that: ratios of angles between 0. and 45..
(, tan 48" tan 23" tan 42" tan 67" = 1 (CBSE 2OO9)
(il) cos 38' cos 52o - sin 38" sin 52' = 0.' Sol. sin 67" + cos 75o

ssl (l) LHS = sin (90" - 23') + cos (90' - 15)

= fan 48" tan 23" lan 42' tar. 67' = cos 23o + sin 15".
= tan (90' - 42') tan 23" tan 42' tan (90'- 23')
= cot 42" tan 23 tan 42" cot 23"
I
=(\ tan'42",unt")/ (,,-.,rr'
I ') )
tan23. Q. 1. Express the trigonomekic ratibs sin A, sec A and
= (1) (1) = 1= RHS. tan A in temrs of cot A,
(r, LHS = cos 38" cos 52'- sin 38. sin 52"
= cos 38o cos 52' - sin (90" - 52) sin (90. - 38) Sol. (l) sin A = - .,[.".1'A
cosec A
= cos 38' cos 52o - cos 52o cos 38" = 0 = RHS.
Iftan 2A = cot (A - 18"), where 2A is an acute
l .' cosec2 A = 1+ co4Al
Q. 3.
angle, find the value of A. (l 1 1
secA = cosA = cosA-
Sol- We have: A
tan 2A
= cot (A - 18.) sinA
=+ cot (90'- 2A) = cot (A- 18') -.Stn 1

cotA----I
+ 90"-2A = A-18" [Part (l)]

= 90'+ 18" = A+2A J1+ cot2 A

+ 108" = 3A.
Hence, ZA = 36'.
cot A
Q. 4. If tan A = cot B, prove that A + B = 90..
Sol. We have: tan A = cot B (iiil' tarlA = --l-.
cot A
+ tan A = tan (90" - B)
+ A = 90'- B. Q. 2. Write all the other trigonomekic ratios of ZA in
Hence, A+B = 90". temrs of sec A.
Sol. We know that sin2 A + cos2 A =
Q. 5. If sec rtA = cosec (A - 20"), where 4A is an acute
1

angle, find the value of A. + sin2 A = 1-cos2A.

g6l. We have:
(,) sin A =
sec 4A = cosec (A - 20")
l'.' A is acute + sin A > 0\
 @I
Sol. (r) Option (b)
Reason:9sec2A-9tan2A
= 9 (sec2A-tan2A)
= e(1)=c.
(ll) Option (c)
Reason: (1 + tan e + sec e) (1 + cot 0 - cosec 0)

(ii) A=
1 sinO r If x][.I + cos0 1 I
I1+-+-
cos ---------. = { >
secA I cosO cos0J I --- sin0 sin 0]
(iii) t*A = GcA-1 I cos0+ sin0+ 1l Isin 0 + cos0- 1]
)- \vr-\
l'.' 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A = tan2A = se& A - 11 -I
-
cosg I" I sin 0 )
11
(io\ cotA = ------- = _-:-,
tanA J""., A-1 (cos 0 + sin 0)2 -1
= O, ti. e
1 ---sec A "."
tol cosec A = --.---=
sinA= Jsec2A_l cos2 0 + sin2 0 + 2cos0 sin 0-1
lusing part (i)l cos0xsin0
Q. 3, Evaluate:

sin263'+ sin2 27' "o:tt1" 9

cosUlsrnU
=r. l'. sin2 o+ cos2 o=11
6l -------;------' .
cos' 77" + cos' 73" (lll) Option (d)
(ir) sin 25" cos 65o + cos 25o sin 65'. Reason: (sec A + tan A) (1 - sin A)
sol. (4 sin2 63' = sin2 (90" - 27") = cosz 27" ( 1 sin A)
cos2 Zg" = cos2 (90" _ 12") = s:tr? 72". = l-+-
cos A cos A]l(1' - sin A)
\
63 + 27" slltz cos2 27' + sin2 27"
- ;JlF;;t7t sil;r2
=
;;r1?\R 1?. (1 + sin A) (1 - sin A) 1-sin2 A
cos A cos A

=1 = r. 1...sin2A+cos2 A=-rl aar"2 A

1 __ = .oc A.
(li) sin 25' cos 55' + cos 25' sin 55' cos A
= sin 25o cos (90' - 25') + cos 25o sin (90' - 25")
l'.' cos2 A + sin2 A = 1 + cos2 A=1- sin2 Af
= sin 25' sin 25' + cos 25o cos 25o (ru) Option (d)
= sin2 25" + cos2 25o
+ tan2A A
= 1.
1 1+ tan2
l'.' sin2 A + cos2 A = 1l Reason: -- -------
Q. 4. Choose the correct option. Justify your choice.
l + cot'A r*-l
tan'A
(r) 9sec2A-9tan2A=
(al I (b) e
1+ tan2 A
(c) 8 (40 ^
tan'A+1
= tan'A.
(t0 (1 + tan 0 + sec 0) (1 + cot 0 - cosec 0) =
(a\ o (b) 1
t*tA
Prove the Iollowing identities, where the angles
lc\ 2 @-1 Q. 5.
involved are acute angles for which the
(iii (secA + tan A) (1 - sin A) = expressions are defined.
(a) sec A (b) sin A
(c) cosec A (d) cos A - 1-cos0
1+cos0
1+tan'zA
o") 1+ cot'A = (CBSE 2013, 11, 10)

(a) sec2 A O) -r cos A 1+ sin A

(ifl
' 1+sinA+ cosA =2secA
(c) cofA (A tan2 A
(cBSE 2010)
I@
tan0 cot 0
ua l--------:; i :------------= = '1. + sec 0 cosec 0 A
1+ 1+ 2sin _ 2(1+ sin A)
l-cotU 1-tan0 (1+sinA)cosA (1+ sin A)cos A
(cBsE 2013, 10)
2
1+secA sin'A (CBSE 2010)
= cos A
secA = RHS-
<ir)
secA 1- cos A -=2
(o\
cosA-sinA+1 (iii) LHS= tato + cote
cosA+sinA-1 = cosec A + cot A, 1- cot 0 1- tan 0
using the identity cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A. sin 0 cos 0
(ArcBsE 2013, 10) 0
""rcos0
e
"i.sin0
. .
(oil =secA+tanA sin 0 cos 0

(cBsE 2013, 10) sin 0 'cos0

_ 0 sin 0
sin0-2sin30
(rriil =tan0 sin ""r
0-cosO cosO-sin 0
2 cos30 - cos 0
'sinO cos 0
(CBSE 201' 10)
(rzi0 (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 -_+_ sin2 0 cos2 o
* ;i" e (.osO
- rt.r 0)
".. G"r -
0 0 - e)
=7+tan2A+cofA "i"
(rr) (cosec A - sin A) (secA-cosA) t I cos' e- sin r e'l 1

1
cosO-sinO I cosOslne ]-
""10-"1"0
= t g- sin 0)(cos2 e+sin2 e + cos0 sin0)'l

'
. . f 1+ tan'A ) / 1- tanA \'
(3' t--t=t_ t=tan.A
",c.i;ia
Lrl
[1cos

cos0sin0
| 7+cot'A) (1-cot{J cosz0+sin2e+ 1+cosOsinO
(CBSE 2012)
cos 0 sin 0 cosesin0
Sol. (i) LHS = (cosec 0 - cot 0)2 1-
- cosO sinO
( t coso) (1 -coso)2
cos0 sin 0 cos0 sin0
_______-
( sin e sin 0 ,/ sin' 0 =sec0cosec0+1=RHS.
'r- 1
l. sin2 0+cos2e=11
lr?)) LHS =
1+secA ''cosA cosA+l cosA
secA 1 cosA 1
(1- cos O)'? 1-"o"0 A
= = RHS. "or
(1 - cos 0) (1 + cos 0) 1+ cos 0
(1 + cos A) (1 - cos A)
=1+cosA = 1-cosA
(ii) LHs= "o"A *1+sinA
1+sin A cos A
1- cos2
--------------=
A sin2A
cos2 A+ (1 + sin A)2 1-cos A = 1- cos A = RHS.
(1 + sin A)cos A
- cosA _ 1
cos2A + 1+ sin2A + 2sin A
(a) LHS =
cosA-sinA+ 1 _ sin A sinA
(1 + sin A)cos A cosA - 1
cosA+sinA-1 _+t__
sin A sinA
(cos2 A+ sin2A) + 1 + 2 sin A
(1 + sin A)cos A lDit:iding Num. €t Denom. by sin Al
 @I
(,r) LHS = (cosec A - sin A) (sec A - cos A)
cotA-1+cosecA (cosecA+cotA)-1
A+ 1-cosec A 1 -"o,a)
cot cotA+1-cosecA
' -*o)l](cosA
=l[sinA )
(cosec A+cotA)-(cosec2A- cot2 A)
cotA-cosecA+1 a\f t-cos'A)
l' t-"in2
(cosec A+ cot A) (1-(cosec A - cot A))
I sina J[ cosA ./
cotA-cosecA+1
= fe{4) [.h'A] ="o,e*,e
(cosec A + cot A)(1- cosec A + cot A)
\ sinA./ \cosAJ
1- cosec A + cot A cosA sinA A sinA
cos

=cosecA+ cotA= RHS. 1 coszA + Sm'A

- cosz A sin2 A
cosAsinA'cosAsinA
sinA l+sinA 1+sinA
1+
Jt -"itt'e Jtot'A cosA [Dioiding Num. I Deno. bY cos A sin A)

1 sinA 11
".-"' = sec A + tan A = RHS.
= ---1 + cosA cosA srn A cotA+ tanA
cosA sinA'cosA
sin0-2sin30 sin0(1-2sin'zo)
(zii) LHS -=-=- o-1) = tanA +- cotA
1
2 cos'0 - cos 0 cos0(2cos2 = RHS.

sin O [1- 2(1- cos'? e)] sino (2cos'?o - 1)

= - = I + tanzA sec2 A
-1) o (r..?e - 1) (.r) 1st term =
"*e(r"r;to ""r 1+ cotz A cosec2 A
sh0
= cos 0
=tan0=RHS. 1

;;,A
(oiii) LHS = (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2
= 1si# A + cosecl A + 2 sin A cosec A)
1 ffi ='u"'o=3rdterm'
sin'A
+ (cos2 A + sec2 A + 2 cos A sec A)

term = /1-tanA\2
l-l /1-tanA\2
I[sin.+ll-
t,_ . \l_cotA,/=l-l ,
2nd
*.ot2 A)+
= f ri.r' e * 2 sin o
1t
eJ] lr_tanA I

I /
t ' .^l,
--"' l'l f 1-tanA
I cos2
L*- '- A
tan' A) + cor
+ (1+
lcos a Jl
2
I
\2
*r"a-i | /-tu.,e(tuoe-r))'
= sin2 A + 1 + cot2 A + 2 + cos2 A + 1 \ tane i \ tanA-l )
+tar:PA+2 = (- tan A)2 = tan2 A = 3rd term
= (sin2 A + cos2 A) + 6 + (tan2A + cot2A) Hence, lst term = 2nd term = 3rd term.
=1+6+tan2A+coPA
=7 +tarP A+ coP A = nHS.
t

NCERT Exeupun Pnoeletus

-@E Topic-I: Multiple Choice Questions.
Exercise 8.1: Refer Competition File q. 9, The value of 2 sin 0 can be (,*1), *,,*" o i"
Topic-II: Short Answer Questions with Reasoning a positive number and a * 1.
aro. False,

1.
lustification: If2 sin 0 = a +
Write 'True' or 'False' and justify your answer in each a
of the following: 1 f 1\
then sin 0 =
Q. 1.
la'r47o
;r4r = 1.
,
-l'*;)
4ro. True.
+sin 0 =
1, - l\2 I
zt3) '!a-Ta)+2)
tan 47"
-Iustification: cot43"_ cot43o - tan(90" Z t(
, 1.( - 1)2
_ cot 43o _ r
cot43' '' = r+r[v4 -G) > 1 , which is false.
e. z. The expression (cos2 23o - sin2 67.) is positive. a2 +b2
4rr"- False, Q. 10. cos 0 = , wherc a and b are two distinct
1;
Justification: cos2 ?3 - stn2 62. numbers such that ab > 0.
= cosz 2Z _ s6z (90. _ 23.)
416. False.
= cos2 23. - cos2 23. = o. Justification:cos0S1
e. 3. The value of the expression (sin 80. - cos 80o) is
negative. a2 +b2
= <1
4r,.. False. 2ab
lustification: sin 80. > cos 80. -a2+F < 2ab
+ =
(sin 80' - cos 80.) is positive. + (a-b)2 < O
o. e. Jir--"of ex*6 = t"" e.
:+ (a-b)z < 0, l'.' a +bl
which is false.
4r,". Ttue.
jwtifieation:,ifu ;J-oEae Topic-III: Short Answer Questions

cos2 o Prove the following (from Q, 1 to e .Z)

- Jtu.'e = t* e' sin 0 1+ cos 0
e. If cos A + cos2 A = ! then sin2 A + sina A = 1. Q. 1. :--------: + ----:- - = 2 cosec 0.
s.
l+cosu srnU
4r.,". True.
lustification: cos A + cos2 A = 1 tho, +l*"oto
cosA = 1- cos2 A sol. LHs = I, +cos0 sin 0
cos A = sin2 A
lin'zj 1 {1+ cos o;'
cos2 A = sin4 A = sin 0(1 + cos 0)
1-sin2A = sina A
sin2 A+ sina A = 1.
0 + 2)(2 tan 0 + 1) = 5 tan 0 + sec2 0.
= ":{ryU*qq'o12cospl
e. 6.(tan sin 0(1+ cos 0)
4,'r. False. (ri"' o1"ofg)+ t!9osiQ
Justification: (tan e + 2) (2 tan 0 + 1) = sin 0(1 + cos 0)
=2tafig+tane+4tan0+2
=5tan0+2(1+tan2e) 1+1+2cos0 2(1+ cos0)
=5tan0+2seC0. sin0(1+ cos0) - sin 0(1+ cos0)
e. 7. and Q. 8 are given in Chapter 9
= srn,2.B =2cosec0=RHS,
 @I
tanA tan A (I)l
. (sin'o+
cos2 a)
- 2. -:--------:-
O. - -------------- 2 cosec A.
1+ sec A 1-secA = = (srn (I + cos
dcosct
I

\ srn /
Sol. LHS
tanA A
tan (1)
1+ sec A 1- sec A =(sinc+cosa) I srnc[cos(l
_
/
I

\
(1- secA) - (1+secA)l
[r j_______________
r^-
^
l 11
| (1+ sec AX] - sec A) .l = cosct sin rt

.[ - 2secA
'l -+-
=seco+cosecc=RHS.
[2secAl
tanel-r"4al=t*ALffi]
= (JI
Q. 5. + 1) (3 - cot 30') = tan3 60' - 2 sin 60'.
secA ? sol. LHs = (J5 + 1) (3 _ cot 30)
= 2----
tarA. = --.-----:-
sinA =2cosecA=RHS.
372 = (J5+1X3-J5)
If tan A =
Q. 3.
;, then sin A cos A = 25. = eJ5 -3+3-J5
J
So1. tanA = 4 = 3J5 - Ji =zJ\ .

RHS = tan360'- 2 sin 60'

f rE)
= tJ5)3-zl;
\--,/ I

t;
^l; _ VJ
= JVJ
_ ,\ l;
z v!,

LHS = RHS.

CB3 Q.6. 1+ 1+ cosec

cot2o
= cosec (I.
AB4 ct

CB=3K
cot2 cr
and AB = 4k, Sol.LHS=1* G;r"",
where k>0
and AC = !68,+BC, 1r cosec2 a - I
= ' ' 1+ a
"or".
(cosec a+1)(cosec o -1)
= 5lC
= 1+
1+ cosec g
BC 3K3
-- AC 5k 5 = 1 + (cosec o - 1) = cosec cr = RHS,

AB 4K4 i. i. tan 0 + tan (90. - 0) = sec 0 sec (90. - 0).

and "o"A = eC=Sf=5.
}i. LHS = tan 0 + tan (90' - e)
= tan0+cot0
.'. 34 - 72
sinAcosA = -x-=-
c c 25' sin0 cos 0
=+cos0 sin0
Q.4. (sin o + cos o) (tan o + cot o) = sec o +
cosec ct. sin2 o
o + cos2 7

Sol. LHS = (sin a + cos o) (tan d + cot o)

= sin o cos o
= t;o .;G
.Isincr coscr ) = sec 0 cosec 0
= (srn ([ + cos cr)l
\cosd srr(I /
|

= sec 0 sec (90' - 0) = RHS.

-+-
I@
Q. 8. is given in Chapter 9. Topic-IV: Long Answer Questions
Q.9, If .vE tan 0 = 1, then find the value of
EXERCISE 8.4
sin20-cos20,
Q. 1. If cosec 0 + cot 0 = p, then prove that:
Sol. JI tutr0 = r
.o"e = Pi
1.

tar 0 =
1 p'+1
= Js Sol. We have: cosec 0 + cot 0 = ?

= 0= 30'. 1 cos 0
.'.sin2g-cos2e = sin2 30' - cos2 30" - sin0'sinO - /
-
-.) 1+cos0 = psin0.
r1)" IJ3l
l.rl I o
=
I
Squaring,
1 + cos2 0 + 2 cos 0 = pz sit*O
13 1 + 1+cos20+2cos0=p2 11 - cos2 0)
44 2 (p2 + 1) cos2 0 + 2 cos 0+ (1 -p2) = g.
is given in Chapter 9.
=
Q. 10.

Q. 11. Simplify: (1 + tan2 e) (1 sin 0) (1 + sin 8).

- 4-4(p2 +1)(1-pz)
.'. cos 0 =
Sol. (1 + tan2 0) (1 - sin 0) (1 + sin 0)
= (sec2 e) (1 * sin2 0) = sec2 0 . cos2 o = 1.
Q. 12. If 2 sin2 0 - cos2 e = 2, then find the value of 0. -1 rf-o-p,)
Sol. 2 sin2 0-cos2 0= 2 f+1
=2sin2e-(1 - 0) - sin2 2
=+ 2sin2 e-1+ sin2e = 2 -1* p'
3sin20 = 3 p'+1
sin2 0= 1

sinO = 1. Q. 2. Prove that secz 0+ cosec" 0 = tan 0 + cot 0.

Hence, 0 = 90'.
LHS = {G"'e*.or"C 0
cos2 (45" + o) + cos'(4s. - e)
Q, 13. Show that =1.
tan(60'+ 0) tan(30" * 0) + tan'?e)+ (1+ cot2 O)

_ cos2145'+ 0;+ cos2(45'- 0) tan2 e+cot2 0+ 2

sol. LHS
tan (60'+ 0) tan (30" - e)
\i (tart 0 + cot0)'
g9!lgs'+ e) r o)l tan0+cote=RHS.
= "os'1ro'-1as'+
tan (60'+ 0) tan {90'-(60'+ e)} Q. 3. is given in Crapter 9

cos2(45'+ o) + sin21a5'+ o; Q.4.lt 1. + sin2 0 = 3 sin e cos O then prove that

- tan (60'+ 0) cot (60'+ 0)
tan0=1or 1.
2
= _ =1=RHS.
1

1
Sol. We have;
1+sin2e = 3 sin0cos 0
Q, 14. is given in Chapter 9.
Q. 15. Show that tan4 0 + tan2 0 = sec4 0 - sec2 0.
+ (sin20 + cos2 e) + sin2 0 = 3 sin 0 cos 0

SoI. RHS = sec4 0 - sec2 0 + 2 sin20 + cos2 0 = 3 sin 0 cos 0

-2tar?g + 1=3tan
g lDioiding by cos2 el
= (1 + tan2 0)2 - (1 + tan2 0)
.+2tar?g-3tan0+1=0
= (1 + 2tan2 0 + tana 01 - (1 + tan2 0)
+(tan0-1)(2tan0-1)=0
=tan40+tan20=LHS.
 @-
:+ tan0-1= 0 Adding (1) and (3),
or 2tan0-1 = 0
+ tan 0 = 1
2"""6=l*].
or tan 0 =
1,

Z
Hence, ,*e= ?.
Q. 10. If sin 0 + cas S =p and sec 0 * 6osg6 $ = 4, then
Hence.
'2 tan 0= 1, I. prove that 4 @2 - 1') = 2p.
Sol. ttts = qlp2 -7)
Q. 5, Given that sin 0 + 2 cos 0 = 1, then Prove that
2sin0-cos0=-2. = (sec 0 + cosec 0) ((sin 0 + cos 0)2 - 1)
Sol. sin0+2cos0 = 1 _( , _ , )
+ sin0 = 1-2cos0 -
...(1)
l"*e-"*0./
Now, 2 sin 0 - cos 0 = 2(7 - 2 cos 0) - cos 0
(sin2 0 + cos2 0 + 2 sin 0 cos 0 - 1)
=2_-4cos0-cos0
2-5cose t'l'^*t1'l (1+2sinocoso-1)
= ...(2) =f
\ sin0cos0 /
Squaring both sides of equation (1), we get:
e = (1 _2cos0)2 sine+cos0
= :_-=-
sin2 (2 sin 0 cos 0)
a .in2 0 = 1+4cos2e-4coso sin0cos0 '
L - cos20 = 1+4cos2o-4coso = 2(sin 0 + cos e) = 2p = RHS.
=
5cos20-4cos0=0 Q. l1,.lf a sin 0 + b cos e = c, then prove that:
=
= cos0(5cos0-4)=0 acos0-bsin0= 17-b'-"'
Sol. Here, a sin e + b cos 0 = c.
+ coso=oorcose= 15' Squarin&
Now, using equation (2), we get: a2 sin2 0 + b2 cos2 0 + Zab sin 0 cos 0 = c2 ...(1)
. ^2, L2 ^2
2-5cosg=z-sx!5 =a2 +F -a2 sin2 0- b2 cos2 g -znb sin 0 cos 0
2-4 lusing (1)l
=
= a2 cos2 o + b2 sin2 o - 2ab sin o cos o

Hmce, 2sin0-cos0=-2. = (a cos 0 - b sin 0)2.

Q. 6. is given in Chapter 9. Hence, c cos g - D sin 0 = "til.b'-"'

1+sec0-tan0 1-sin0
Q.9. If tan e + sec 0 = I, then prove that sec O = +. Q. 12. Prove that
1+sec0+tan0 cos0
Sol. We have:
0-tan 0
1+sec 1- sin 0
sec0+tan0=l .(1) Sol. Here,
1+sec0+tan0 cos0
We know that
sec2o-tan2o=1 ...(2) 1+ sec 0-tan 0
=sec0-tan0
Dviding (2) by (1), 1+sec 0+tan e
:+ 1+sec 0-tan 0
seczo-tantg _ 1
= (sec 0 - tarl 0)(1+ sec 0 + ian 0)
sec 0 + tano I
:+ 1+ sec 0-tan 0
(sec0 - tano)(sece+ tan0) 1 = (sec 0-tan 0) + ( sec2 O-tan2 0)
sec0+tan0
- 1 + 1+ sec 0-tan e
= sec0-tan0+1,
sec0-tan0= 1I' ..rrt which is true.
 Fon Assessuenr
-@ Very Short Answer Type Questions 23. Write the value of cosec'?(90' - 0) - tan,O.
1. Write the minimum value of sin 0. .,
2. Write the maxirnum value of cos 0. 14. If cos A = '25', find the value of tan A + cot A.
-
(cBsE 2008)
3. Write the maximum valre of -i ^ .
cosec u 'L

25. If sin 6 = ;J , the find the value of 2coP 0 + 2.

3
4. If sin A = 4
, find the value of cos A. (CBSE 2009)

a
26. If sec'0(1 + sin 0) (1 - sin 0) = k, then find the
5. Give sin 0 = ;b', find the va.lue of cos 0. value of L (CBSE 2OO9)
If sin20 cos20 + tan'?e) (1 + cofo) = k, then find
(1
6. If 15 cot A - 8, find tlle value of sec A. the value of k.
5
7. If tan A= ;,4 find the value of sin A cos A. 28. If 5r = sec 0 and - = tan 0 , find the value of

If cot 0 =
7
:6 , find the value of coseC 0.
uG'-+).
\ x' )' (.BSE 2o1o)

2
29. If
= I5. rirra ,n" urlr" o{
o toto - toto cosec 20 = 2r and cot 0 = - , find the value of
U sin o .
2cot0
z(r'-!\
\ r./' (cBsE 2010)
10. If tanA = A . r*a ,rr" value of:
12' 30. If r = a stn 0, y = b cos 0, what is the value of
(sin A + cos A) sec A. (CBSE 2008) trf + azy'? ?
11. Find the value of 2tan'?45'+ cos'?30o - sin'z60'.
12. 11 2 cos 3x = 1, find the value of x. ANswrns
13. If J5 sin 0 = cos 0, find the acute angle 0.

14- }.ind the value ol

tar 65'
cot 25"
t. -7 2. 1 3.1 r+
77 12 773 1 17
15. Find the value of cosec
-. 3L' - sec 59o. 6'8 7.
25
8' 6a 9' -5 10.TZ 71.2
16. Write the value of tan 10'tan 15" tan 75" tan 80'.
12.20" 73. 30" 74. L 15. 0 76.L 17.0
17. Write the value of cos 1o cos2o cos 3'........ cos 178'
cos 179' cos 180'. J J
78.i 7e.
n
20.90" 2't. -1 22.7 23.7

18. IfA+B=90"andtanA= I , what is the value 625 1t 2e.i

4' 24. 168 2s. 18 26. 1 27.7 28.E
of cot B?
30. a2*.
f9. If A + B = 90" and cos B = 1. what is value of
4' Ture/False Questions
1. 1
sin A?
= cos-1 o.
cos 0
20. ff sin o = 1 und 1. find the value of
22 "o, =
B
2- sln 75" * sin 45'+ sin 30'.
ct+8. 3. 1+coseC0=cot20.
2,^. Write the value of cof 0 - cosec2 0.
4. The identity sec2 e - tan2 0 = 1 is true for all values
of 0.
22. \ fhat is the value of cos'z 0- + --]---.- ' Z
1+ cot2 o 5. ian 55'< tan 75".
a
@I
6. There exists an angle for which sec 0 = 0.3. Value of sec 60' is:
l; 2
,. 1-"i; \a) (b)
9=r1."19)
1-cot'0
isanioentity. 2 G
[1+cot0_,/
1
8. In AABC, if ZA + ZB = 90", thm sin A = cos B' (c) 2 (d)
,
9. The value of cot 0 is always less than 1.
1- tan2 45"
10. If A, B, C are angles of a AABC, then Value of --=---- is:
1 + tan' 45"
/C+A\l= cot _.
tan l_
B
(a) o (b) L
trl) (d) tan 90"
(c) sin 45'
4. sin 2A = 2cos A is true, when a =
ANswsns (a) 90' (b) 30"
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True (4 a5' (d) 60"
2tan45"
6. False 7. False 8. True 9. False 10. True. 5. Value ot --------------ts:
1 + tan' 45"
Fill in the Blanks (a) sin 90" (b) sin 60'
1. The value of cot 90' = .
(c) cos 60' (d) cos 30'
2. Ifcos0=1,then0= cos (90' + e) =
- (a) - sin 0 (b) cos 0
3. (1 + cot2 0) (1 + cos 0) (1 - cos 0) =
(c) tan 0 (d) sec 0
4. 2 taI-? 45" + 2 cos2 45' + 3 cos 90' =
7. cos (90" - 0) =
59' tan 31"
cos - (a) sin 0 (D) cos 0
-'sin3L'cot59' (c) tan 0 (d) sec 0
E
6. cos 0o cos 30o cos 60" cos 90" If cos0 + secO =
i , then (cos20 + sec20) equals:
7. If sin 0 = cos 0, then the value of sin4 g + cos4 0 JJ 29
is-. (a) +
(b)
T
8. The value of tan 5' tan 15'tan 50' tan 75' tan 85' 21 t7
@q (d) 4
q. If 0" < A < 90" and sin A = 7sin0 - 3 cosO
rE cos A, then the 9. IfTtane=4,thm equals:
value of A 7sin0 + 3cos0

@)i
1 ,'' q
\o, 7
10. If sin (A + 28) = ,rra (A + 48) = 0, then
f "o" 5 5
(c) (d)
and B = 15".
i i
In the given figure, AABC is right angled at C,
ANswrns AB = 25 crn and BC = 7 cm, the sin A equals:

1.0 2.0. 3. 1 4.3 5.0

1
6.0 ,. 2
8. J' 9. 60. 10.30..

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

3
1. If sin A = dr value of tan A is: C
t,
4 J 7 7
@\i (b) @E (b)
4 a
J 5 24 ?5
(c) ; @Z @E (d) a
)
I@
11. If 2r = sec A and ?
x
=,rrrA, ,l.,"rt ,?-i) 17. Value of (1 + tan e + sec e) (1 + cot 0 -
is:
(a)-r (b) 0
cosec 0)

equals: (c) 1 (d) 2

1 1
(d) (b) sin2 63" + sin2 27"
, 4 18. value of
;;;27;;;orzr" is:
1 (a) o
(") (d)
1.
(b) 1
a 1s (c) 2 @-2
19. cos 38' cos 52o - sin 38' sin 52" is:
12. utan ,= *,6,",, lgsecl-je']uorulr. (a) o (b) 1
v/ cosec-o+sec-g - (c) -1 (d) 2
20. Value of 9 sec2 0 - 9 tan2 e is:
-z 2
(r) 1
@)T (b)
i (a) o
(c) 8 (d) e
@Z (d) 21.. lf tar? 45" - cos2 30o = x sin 45., then r equals:
i 1
.. 15 (2 + 2sino) (1 sine)
- @) -; (b)
]f cot 0 = -; th€n ,
(1+ cosg) (2 - 2cos0) --,---'
eouals:
6 1
. 225
(a) 64 (c) -z @ iTz
b4
=; tb\
" .
225
289 22.
cos3zoo - cos3 zoo
(c)
"64"289 (d't -64 The value of FrF _ sn:t%F is:
-
1{. Value of (sin 60" cos 30o - cos 60' sin 30') is: (tt) 1
(b)
1
- 1 Tz 2
(a) 0 (b) ; (c) 1 (d) 2

(c) r @)b
2
is equal to:

1
(a) sec 0 - tan 0 (b) sec 0 + tan e
15. (cos2 30" cos2 45" + 4 seC 60" + ;2 cos2 90" - 2 hn2 60) (c) seC e + tanz 0 (d) seC 0 - tan2 0
equals; 24. seC 0 - seC 0 is equal to:
13 75 (a) tan2 0 tan4 0 - (b) tan40-tan2o
ta) T (b't ;6 (c) tana 0 + tan2 0 (d.) tan4 0 1 -
(4s 83
(d) 81
8 ANswnns
16. If e*
sin
1
cos 0 = 0, then (sina 0 + cosa 0) equals:
7. (b) 2.(c) s.(a) a.@) s. (a) 6. (a)
1
@)i (b) 7. (a) 8. (d) e. (a) 10. (c) 77. (a) 12. (d)
4
3 13. (a) ta. @) 1s. (c) 76. (a) 17. (d) 18. (D)
(c) ; (d) t re. (a) 20. (A 27. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (b).

Gonapermoru Flle
Topic-I: Multiple Choice Questions
(From NCERT Exemplar Exercise 8.1)
Q. 2. If sin A = , then ttre ,aue of cot A is:
l
]
Q. 1. If cos A = i,5 then the value of tan A is; 1
(a) Ji (b)
J3
3
(a) (b)
=) z ,.G
(ct
', - 2 (d) 1.
4
(c) ;J (,, :J
a
@tr
Q. 3. The value of the expression [cosec (75" + 0) - 11 :,
Q. 10. Given that sin o = p then the
sec (15" - 0) - tan (55' + 0) + cot (35' - 0) is:
, und cos =
(a) -l (b) 0
+ P) is:
value of (oc

0"
(c) I a\ 1.
(a)
(c) 60"
(b) 30'
(d) e0".
Q. 11, The value of the expression:
Q.4. Given that sin 0 = l, tlt"r, cos 0 is equal to:
o8'+ srn-o3'+cos 63' sin 27" I
I sin'?22" + sin2
=-
I - | 1".
(b)
b Lcos'22'- cos" 68" l
' ' ;
'lb' - a' (a) 3 (b) 2
E. (c) 1 (d) 0.
..
lcl lb'-a' lul _-:,
a

b ,lb, _a2
tf 4 sin 0 - cos e
5. Ifcos (cr + 0, then sin (cr- p) canbe reduced Q. 12. 4tan 0 = 3, then r ) is equal to,
Q. F) = [4sin0+cosg,
to: -
(a) cos P (b) cos 2B
21 (b)i
(c) sin cr (d) sin 2ct. @5
Q. 5. The value of (tan 1'tan 2'tan 3' ... tan 89') is:
(a) o (b) 1
1 @); (il1
lc) 2 (dt
, Q. 13. If sin 0 - cos 0 = 0, then the value of (sina 0 + cosa
Q. 7. U cos 9a = sin o and 9o < 90', then the value of 0) is:
tan 5d is:
3
1 (n) 1 (b)
4
@G (b)
"5
(c) (d) 0 11
1
(c)
z U\ +.
Q.8. If AABC is right angled at C, then the value of
cos (A + B) is: cos (45'
Q. 14. sin (r15' + 0) - - 0) is equal to:
(a) o (b) 1
(a) 2 cos 0 (b) 0
l;
1
f1. (c) 2 sin 0 (d) 1.
k\, (d)
2

Q.9. If sin A + sin2 A = 1, then the value of the ArrrswBns

expression (cos2 A + cosa A) is:
1
1. (b) 2. (a) 3.(b) 4. (c) s. (b) 6.(b)
(a) 1 (b) 8. (a) (d) (D)
, 7. (c) 9. (a) 10. 11. 12. (c)

(c) 2 (d) 3 13. k) 1.4. (b).

Hnrs ro Seucreo Quesrorus

tan (55' +
.'. sin (ct - P) = sin (a + 0 - 29)
Q. 3. cosec (75' + 0) - sec (15' - 0) - 0)
+ cot (35' - 0)
= sin (90" - 2p) = cos 2F.
Q.5. tan 1" tan 2'tan 3' ... tan 89"
= cosec (90'- (15'- 0)) - sec (15" - 0) - = (tan 1" tan 89') (tan 2' tan 88") ...
tan (90' - (35' - 0)) + cot (35" - 0)
= (tan 1'cot 1') (tan 2" cot 2')... = (1X1) ... = 1.
= sec (15'- 0) - sec (15'- 0) - cot (35'- 0)
Q. E. A + B = 180'-C = 180' -90' = 90'.
+ cot (35' - 0) = 0. .'. cos (A + B) = cos 90" = 0.
Q.s. cos(c+P) = 0 Q.9, sinA+sin2A = 1
+ (,+P = 90o. = sinA = 1-sirfA
I@
+ sin A = cos2 A.
Squaring, sin2 A = cos4 A asho_1
1-cos2A= cos4 A u. Il. No!\'.
4 sin 0 -cos 0 ^cos0 '
=, 4sin0+cos0 , sin0.,
+ cos2A + cos4A = 1.
cos 0

Q. 10.
.1
smc*= /?\
2 Ll 1l _1
'\+,/
o = 30'. 4tan0-1
- 4tane+1 =7ll- = 3-1 2L
1 e.t 42'
cosP= - \4,/
0 = 60'' Q. la. sin (45' + 0) - cos (45' - 0)
d+p= 30'+ 60'= 90". = sin (90' - (45' - 0)) - cos (45' - e)
= cos (t15' - 0) - cos (45' - 0) = 0.

Nmouu Talenr Sennm Exrnrrrunrpru (NTSE) f

tan 26' + tan 19'
r, If r is acute, then IS:
5. If = cos 60o, then the value of
r(1 - tan 26' tan 19')
.r is:
(a) sec r + tan r (b) cosec r + cot r (a)
- (c) sec r + cosec r (d) tan r + cot r. ,-
\c) .lz
1
I=
@) J,.
(b) z

2. The value of tan 31- tan a - J5 turr 3l tr., a 6. Il x = a cos 0 - bsin 0 and y = a sin 0 + b cos O what
515 15 15 -_2 , __2
is: isthevalueof 'r-!-?
a'+b'
_.. 1
@) -J3 \b) -=
VJ 7. Find r if x sin2 60'- 1 sec d0. tan2 30. +
2
(c) 1 (q $. 4-
The value of sin2 a cos2 p + cos2 o sin2 p + sin2 cr sin2 5 sin'z a5' sinz 50'= 0.

p+cos2ccos2pis: 8. If 0' < 0 < 90., find g whm 2 cos 0 + 2JI = 3 sec 0.
(a) 1 (b) 0 9. If tan 0 + sin 0 = a and tan 0 - sin 0 = b, what is the
(c) -1 (d)3.
va\rcof @2-b\+ JA.
1+cos0 1-cos0 10. ff l, cos 0 = 1 and l" sin 0 = J5, find the positive
4. ffn(g<
T,** 1-cos0
is equal value of 1,.

to: ANswrns
(a) 2 cosec 0 (b) - 2 cosec 0
1. (a) 2. (A 3- (a) 4. (b) 's. (r)
(c) 2sec0 (d) - sec 0.

6.L -209 8. 45" 9.4 r0. 2.

Hrnrs ro Seucreo Queslous

A. *+f = (a cos 0 - b sin 0)2 + (a sin 0 + b cos g)2
8.2cos0+ 2JI =3secg
= 1a2 cos2 0+ * slr.? 0 - 2ab sin g cos 0)
+ (a2 sit? 0 + ts cos2 0 + 2aD sin 0 cos 0)
=2coso +zJl = cos3 0
= d (cosz g + sin2 o; + ts 1sin2 e + cos2 o;

= a2(1)+81t1 =qz *d2 +2cos20+ 2JI cos0-3=0

+
x2 +u2
---------L -1 o= 1 3J'
a" +b'
JorvrnS/ cos
- a; =
TZ,- 0 = tt5'.
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g. Here, a+ b = 2 tan 0 and a - b = 2 sin 0.

.'. a2-b2=@+b)(a-b)
= $t"ril;to
=sin0tan0 ... (2)
= (2 tan e) (2 sin 0)
=4sin0tan0 ...(1) a'-b' 4sin0tane
-W sin 0 tan 0
lUsing (1) and (2)l
and J ab = ,'fi tan fi t"Olt"n o --;h o)
=4.
tan2e-sin20
10. l, cos 0 = 1 and l,sin 0 = J5.
Squaring and addir"g,
sin2osec20-sin2o
)uz =7 +3 +*=4.
sin! 0(sec'?e-1) Hence, ), = 2.

Suunaanv
1. ANGLE is the amount of revolution undergone by a revolving.
2. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
Let ABC be a triangle, right-angled B, where ZBAC = 0, then with reference to angle
0, we have :
Base = AB, Perpmdicular = BC and
Hypotenuse = AC.
Pemendicular BC
sinO=-=:,
HJryotenuse AC
Base AB Pemendicular -:=
BC
0 tanO = ---r-=- = AB,
HyP"t"""* = AC'
cos =

Hypotenuse AC HvDotenuse -^=

AC
cosec 0 = = BC'
secO = --4=-- = AB
P"r"""dt""1", Base

Base AB
and cot 0 =
P"tp""d"""t- = BC

TABLE
0 30' 45. 60' 90.

lir 6t /5 F
!z -'
v5
E=O
sin 0
l4
"!t z !4 J2 !+ z

cos 0 E=, i5v5E1 /T1 lo

!v4 lla 2 \4 J2 'li4 2 'J;=o
We can find other t-ratios by using the following formulae:

.-. e" -=
t,,"' 419..ot
.os,
0 = T*. r". e = -!
cos0
*.- ----- e- = --]-
and cosec
sin0'
5. (l) The values of sin 0 and cos 0 never exceed 1.
(Ji) The values of sec 0 and cosec 0 never less than 1.
I@
6. COMPLEMENTARYANGLES
If '0' is acute, then:
sin (90' - 0) = cos 0, cos (90" - 0) = sin 0,
tan (90'- 0) = cot 0, cosec (90'- 0) = sec e,
sec(90' - 0) = cosec 0, cot(90' - 0) = tan 0.
t7
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITY
eq.ntion involves trigonometric ratios of an angle is called trigonometrical identity if it is true for
{1 lvhich
all values of the angle.
8. STANDARDTRIGONOMETRICIDENTITIES
(0 sirf e + cos2 0 = L;1- sin2 0 = cos2 0; 1-cos20= sirf 0
(A seC e - tan2 0 = 1; seCe = 1+ tan2 e; tan20=sec20-1
(lfi) cosec2 0 - coP0 = 1; cosec2 0 = 1+ cof 0; coPo = cosec2 0 * 1.

Cmnpren Tesr
Time Allowed: 1 Hour Max. Marks:
Gmeral lnstructions:
(,) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Mark allotted are indicated. against each question.

1. Wriie the value of cot2 0 - cosec2 0. 1

2. If 5 cot A = 8, find the value of sec A. 1

15 ( (z + 2 sin otrt- sin et )

3. If cot 0 =
;, find the value of: |.(1+sineX2_2;se;.,J 2

4. Prove that (1 - cos 0)(1 + cos 0) (1 + cos2 0) = 1. 2

i. .rrrove
.
thah
tanA _ tan A
1*rs;T 1_*.A = 2 cosec A.

6. Itove that (tan e + cot 0 + sec o)(tan 0 + cot 0-sec 0) = cosec2 0. J

7. If sin 0 + cos 0 = .,[ , prove that tan e + cot 0 = 1. 3

8. If tan(A+ B) = ,/j andtan(A-B)= G;0.<A+B<90.,A>B,findAandB.

l.+tan2A /1-tana \2
9. Prove that
iffi = tffi] = tan2 A. 4
10. If sin 0 + cos Q = p and sec 0 + cosec = q, then prove that q@ 2 - 7) = 2p. 4
1- tan2 A
11. If 3 cot A = 4, check whe*rer cosz A - sinz A or not.
t+ tan, a =

ANswuns

1. -1 ..'*''H,. A = 45", B = 15' 11. Yes.

 @I
Aim: To memorise values of sine and cosine of basic angles'
procedute: Step 1: Basic angles are ff, 30", 45', 60' and 90' starting from thumb mark the angles on the 1eft hand

3cP
q
"g
{ t/i
_l
Step 2: Now consider an expression
f
. ,r*, th-is expression we will find all the values'

Step 3: Remember, for number of fingers on left of thumb, we get the values for sine. And for fingers on the
right side of thumb, we will get values for cosine.

Sine

Step 4: Now, to find the value for any of the basic angles bend the finger marked with that angle and put the
.t*
number of fingert * ;
Calculations:
For 0'
No. of fingers on left = 0
No. of fingers on right = 4

"*0"= +=o"o,o.= f =r

w
J3
2

No. of fingers on left = 2

No. of fingers on right = 2
.1, 1, .l; \/
E= -E,cos45"= li=
L
sin 45'= 1 Jz
;\i i- ,r
'.,\,..6]
1
\, I
2
For 90"
No. of fingers on left = 4
No. of fingers on right = 0 -vLL
\\1 , '+7
sin 90" =
"E= 1, cos90'= 6=0.
f , \1
Result Thus, we can find sine and cosine for basic angles on fingers easily.