Topic Base Questions

Subject: PHYSICS

Unit-3

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

&
Light Wave

Student Name:

Roll No.

Md. Ashraful Alam

Physics Teacher
BSS
 June 2023 1P

4 Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) uses radio waves to detect changes in

material underground.
(a) (i) State the formula linking the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1)

(ii) GPR radio waves have a frequency of 170 MHz.

The speed of radio waves is 3.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of the waves.
(3)

wavelength = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
(b) (i) A radio wave passes through the ground and refracts at the boundary
between soil and rock.
The diagram shows three wavefronts of the wave before and after refraction.
The wave is also reflected at the boundary between the soil and the rock.
Complete the diagram to show three wavefronts after the wave has been
reflected at the boundary.
(3)

wavefronts

soil
rock

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 1 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (ii) Explain why the radio waves passing through the rock have a smaller
wavelength than the radio waves passing through the soil.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 2 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 June 2023 1PR

Answer ALL questions.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 This question is about the electromagnetic spectrum.

(a) The table gives some statements about the electromagnetic spectrum.
Place three ticks (ü) in the table to show which statements are correct.
(3)

Statement Correct

all electromagnetic waves are longitudinal

all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in free space

radio waves have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum

x‑rays have the highest frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum

all electromagnetic waves transfer energy

all electromagnetic waves can cause cancer

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 3 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (b) Electromagnetic waves can be useful, but can also be harmful.
(i) Give one use and one harmful effect of microwaves.
(2)
use

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

harmful effect

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Give one use and one harmful effect of gamma rays.
(2)
use

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

harmful effect

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 4 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 June 2023 2P

7 (a) A glass prism can be used to refract light.

prism

i
r

(i) State the name of the piece of equipment used to measure angles.
(1)

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(ii) Measure the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for the light
entering the prism.
(2)

angle of incidence = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . degrees

angle of refraction = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . degrees

(iii) State the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and
angle of refraction.
(1)

(iv) Calculate the refractive index of the glass.

(2)

refractive index = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 5 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
(b) Two galaxies, A and B, emit red light with a reference wavelength of 630 nm.
An astronomer measures the wavelength of red light from galaxy A when the
light arrives at the Earth.
The astronomer’s value for the wavelength is 645 nm.
(i) Calculate the difference between the astronomer’s value for the wavelength
and the reference wavelength of red light.
(1)

difference in wavelength = .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nm

(ii) The change in wavelength happens because galaxy A is moving away from
the Earth.
Calculate the speed of galaxy A.
[speed of light = 3.0 × 108 m / s]
(3)

speed = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m / s

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 6 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (iii) Light from galaxy B has twice the redshift as light from galaxy A.
Galaxy B is twice as far away from Earth as galaxy A.
Explain how these observations support the Big Bang theory of the origin of
the Universe.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 12 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 7 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2023 1P

6 This question is about optical fibres.

(a) Optical fibres use light waves for communication.
Which of these is a correct statement about waves?
(1)
A waves transfer energy, information and matter

B waves do not transfer energy, information, or matter

C waves transfer energy without transferring information or matter

D waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter

(b) A ray of light passes from air into a glass optical fibre.
Diagram 1 shows the path of the ray of light after it has passed through the
boundary between air and the optical fibre.
(i) Draw the path of the ray of light in air before it passed through the boundary.
(1)

refracted ray

glass
air

Diagram 1

(ii) State the name of the wave behaviour responsible for the path of the ray of
light as it passes from air into the optical fibre.
(1)

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Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 10 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (c) Diagram 2 shows the path of the ray of light as it travels through the optical fibre.

Diagram 2

Explain the path of the ray of light as it travels through the optical fibre.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 11 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2023 1PR

7 The diagram shows the path of a ray of light.

glass block

(a) (i) Measure the angle of incidence for the ray at point K.
Which of these is the angle of incidence?
(1)
A 43°

B 47°

C 51°

D 55°

(ii) State the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and angle
of refraction.
(1)

(iii) The block has a refractive index of 1.52

Use the formula to show that the angle of refraction is about 30° for the ray at
point K.
(3)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 12 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (b) (i) The refractive index of the block is 1.52
Calculate the critical angle of the block.
(3)

(ii) State what happens to the ray at point L.

(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 13 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2023 2PR

2 This is a question about electromagnetic waves.

(a) State which colour in the visible spectrum has the shortest wavelength.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Explain a hazard of ultraviolet radiation to the human body.

(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) (i) State the formula linking speed, wavelength and frequency of a wave.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the frequency of radio waves with a wavelength of 15 m.

[speed of light = 300 000 000 m/s]
(2)

frequency = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz

(Total for Question 2 = 6 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 16 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 June 2022 1PR

11 (a) Diagram 1 shows water waves just before they reflect off the side of a
stationary boat.

wavefronts

direction
of travel

side of boat

Diagram 1

(i) Draw the normal at the point where the direction of travel of the waves meets
the side of the boat.
(1)

(ii) Measure the angle of incidence of the water waves.

(1)

angle of incidence = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . degrees

(iii) Complete the diagram to show the wavefronts after they reflect off the side of
the boat.
(3)

(b) The boat starts to move, creating its own waves on the surface of the water.
(i) Surface water waves are transverse.
Describe the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 20 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (ii) Diagram 2 shows the boat moving towards an observer.

boat observer

Diagram 2

Explain why the frequency of the water waves measured by the observer is
larger than the frequency of the water waves created by the boat.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 11 = 10 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 21 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 June 2022 2PR

2 (a) Describe an investigation to determine the speed of sound.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(5)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 24 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2022 1P

3 Wi-Fi signals are electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted at frequencies of

2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz.
(a) (i) State a similarity of the Wi-Fi signals at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The two Wi-Fi signals have different frequencies.

State another difference between the Wi-Fi signals.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) (i) State the formula linking speed, frequency and wavelength.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the wavelength of Wi-Fi signals transmitted at 5.2 × 109 Hz.
[speed of light = 3.0 × 108 m / s]
(2)

wavelength = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
(c) (i) Which type of wave is a Wi-Fi signal?
(1)
A longitudinal

B mechanical

C sound

D transverse

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 26 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (ii) Describe the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 27 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
4 A student investigates the reflection of light by a plane mirror.
The student uses a ray box, a ruler, a pencil and a mirror.
(a) Name the apparatus that can be used to measure angles during the investigation.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The diagram shows a ray of light directed to a point on the mirror.

mirror

(i) Label the angle of incidence.

(1)

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(ii) Measure the angle of incidence.

(1)

angle of incidence = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . degrees

(iii) Complete the diagram to show the ray reflected from the mirror.
(2)

(Total for Question 4 = 5 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 28 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2022 1PR

2 X‑rays and gamma rays are examples of ionising radiation.

(a) Which of these is another example of ionising radiation?
(1)
A infrared

B microwave

C radio

D ultraviolet

(b) Give one use of x‑rays and one use of gamma rays.
(2)
x‑rays

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gamma rays

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) (i) State the formula linking speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the wavelength of a gamma ray with a frequency of 2.8 × 1019 Hz.
[speed of gamma ray = 3.0 × 108 m/s]
(3)

wavelength = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 29 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
(d) X‑rays and gamma rays are electromagnetic waves.
Which of these graphs is correct for waves travelling at a constant speed?
(1)

frequency frequency

0 0
0 0
wavelength wavelength

A B

frequency frequency

0 0
0 0
wavelength wavelength

C D

(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 30 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
7 (a) Describe an experiment to determine the refractive index of a glass block.
In your answer you should include
• a labelled diagram
• the apparatus needed
• the method used
(6)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 31 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (b) Give two uses of total internal reflection.
(2)

1 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 32 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2022 2P

6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines can take scans of the inside of
a patient.
(a) There is an electromagnet inside the MRI machine.
Describe the construction of an electromagnet.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(4)

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 33 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 November 2021 1P

6 A student does an experiment to determine the refractive index of a glass block.

(a) The student places the glass block on a piece of paper and draws round the block
with a pencil.
Name two additional pieces of equipment the student will need for his experiment.
(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The diagram shows the path of a ray of light as it travels towards and then
through the glass block.
(i) Draw the path of the ray of light when it leaves the glass block.
(2)
(ii) Draw the normal line at the point where the ray of light enters the glass block.
(1)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 38 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (iii) Determine the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction at the point
where the ray of light enters the glass block.
(2)
°
angle of incidence = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
°
angle of refraction = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) State the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and
angle of refraction.
(1)

(v) Calculate the refractive index of the glass block.

(2)

refractive index = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 39 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (c) A teacher suggests that a more accurate value for the refractive index can be
found using a graphical method.
Design a method to obtain a value for the refractive index of the glass block using
a graph.
You may draw a diagram to support your answer.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 13 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 40 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 November 2020 1P

8 This question is about atmospheric optical illusions.

(a) A mirage is an optical illusion formed due to total internal reflection of light from the sky
at the boundary between cold air and hot air.
Diagram 1 shows how a mirage is formed.

eye patch of sky

89° 89° cold air

image of patch of sky
hot air

not to scale

Diagram 1
(i) State the formula linking critical angle and refractive index.
(1)

(ii) The critical angle of the cold air at the boundary is 88.500°
Calculate the refractive index of the cold air.
Give your answer to 5 significant figures.
(3)

refractive index = …………………………………………

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 44 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (b) (i) Diagram 2 shows a ray of light from the Sun.
The refractive index of the atmosphere is greater than the refractive index of space.
Complete the diagram by drawing the path of the ray of light through the atmosphere.
(2)

space
atmosphere

ray of light from Sun

Earth

Diagram 2

(ii) Diagram 3 shows a ray of light from the Sun when the Sun is directly overhead.

ray of light from Sun

space

atmosphere
Earth

Diagram 3

Explain why the ray of light does not change direction when it enters the atmosphere.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 45 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (iii) Explain why the wavelength of the light reduces when it enters the atmosphere.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Suggest why the Sun appears not to be circular when it is close to the horizon
at sunset.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 11 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 46 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 November 2020 1PR

3 When a meteor explodes, light waves and sound waves are produced at the same time.
(a) (i) State the formula linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.
(1)

(ii) A person standing 1860 m away from the site of a meteor explosion hears the sound
of the explosion 5.6 s later.
Calculate the speed of sound in air.
(2)

speed of sound = ................................................................................... m/s

(iii) A scientist stands a long way from the meteor explosion.
Explain why he hears the explosion at a different time to when he sees it.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Sound is a longitudinal wave.

Describe what is meant by the term longitudinal wave.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 47 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
(c) In 2013, a meteor exploded above Russia.
Just before the meteor exploded, it was travelling at a speed of 19.2 km/s.
The mass of the meteor was estimated to be 1.25 × 107 kg.
(i) State the formula linking kinetic energy, mass and speed.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the energy in the kinetic store of the meteor just before the
meteor exploded.
(2)

energy in kinetic store = .................................................................................. J

(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 48 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
12 This question is about refraction.
(a) Diagram 1 shows a ray of light incident on the boundary between a liquid called
acetone and air.

air

acetone 43°

Diagram 1

(i) Calculate the critical angle for the boundary between acetone, and air.
(1)
critical angle = ................................................................................... °
(ii) State the formula linking critical angle and refractive index.
(1)

(iii) Calculate the refractive index of acetone.

(2)

refractive index = ................................................................................ . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 49 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (b) Diagram 2 shows a ray of light incident on the boundary between water and air.

air
13°
water 43°

Diagram 2

Explain how the refractive index of water compares to the refractive index of acetone.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 12 = 7 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 50 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 November 2020 2P

5 This question is about using radio waves to track an aeroplane.


aeroplane

aerial at airport

(a) Radio waves are emitted from an aerial at an airport, and are then reflected back
to the aerial from an aeroplane.
The time taken between emitting the radio waves and receiving the waves back
at the aerial is 1.9 milliseconds.
Show that the aeroplane is approximately 300 km away from the aerial.
[speed of radio waves = 3.0 × 105 km/s]
(3)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 51 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
(b) As the aeroplane travels away from the airport, it sends a signal to the airport
using radio waves with a wavelength of 1.2 m.
When the signal is received at the airport, the wavelength is 1.1 × 10-6 m longer
than when it is emitted by the aeroplane.
Calculate the speed of the aeroplane using the formula

change of wavelength speed of aeroplane


wavelength speed of radio wave

[speed of radio waves = 3.0 × 108 m/s]

(3)

speed of aeroplane = .......................................................... m/s

(Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 52 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 November 2020 2PR

2 X-rays are electromagnetic waves used to obtain images of bones.

An x-ray machine produces x-ray waves with a frequency of 1.25 × 1018 Hz.
(a) Calculate the time period of these x-rays.
(2)

time period = ......................................................... s

(b) X-rays have a speed of 3.00 × 108 m/s in air.
Calculate the wavelength of these x-rays.
(3)

wavelength = ......................................................... m

(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 53 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2020 1P

10 This question is about light.

(a) Diagram 1 shows a light ray entering a glass prism.

B air

40° glass prism

A
light ray
Y

Diagram 1

(i) Describe what happens to the light ray when it enters the prism at point A.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) State the name of line XY.

(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 58 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (iii) State the formula linking critical angle and refractive index.
(1)

(iv) The refractive index for the glass in this prism is 1.6
Calculate the critical angle for the glass in this prism.
(3)

critical angle = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °

(v) Complete Diagram 1 by continuing the path of the light ray from point B.
(2)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 59 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
(b) Diagram 2 shows a similar prism that is made from a material with a different
refractive index.
The critical angle for the material of this prism is 55°
Complete Diagram 2 by continuing the path of the light ray.

air
40°

light ray

Diagram 2
(2)

(Total for Question 10 = 11 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 60 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2020 1PR

10 This is a question about refraction.

(a) (i) State the formula linking critical angle and refractive index.
(1)

(ii) Diamond has a critical angle of 26 degrees.

Calculate the refractive index of diamond.
(2)

refractive index = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 61 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (iii) The diagram shows a light ray entering a block of diamond.
Complete the diagram to show the light ray emerging from the block.
(3)

30°

light ray

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 62 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (b) A student plans an investigation to determine the refractive index of glass.
The student uses a graph of sin(i) against sin(r) to determine the refractive index.
(i) The student uses this equipment
● a ray box
● a rectangular glass block
● a protractor
● a pencil
Describe how the student should collect her data.
You may draw a diagram to support your answer.
(4)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 63 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (ii) The table shows the student’s results.

sin(i) sin(r)
0.10 0.06
0.30 0.19
0.50 0.31
0.70 0.44
0.90 0.56

Plot a graph of the student’s results.

(3)
(iii) Draw a line of best fit.
(1)

(iv) Use the graph to calculate the refractive index of the glass block.
(2)

refractive index = ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 10 = 16 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 64 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 January 2019 1P

Answer ALL questions.

1 This question is about waves.

(a) The diagram represents a water wave at an instant in time.

4
2
height
0
in cm
–2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

–4
distance in m

(i) What is the wavelength of the water wave?

(1)
A 0.5 m
B 1.0 m
C 1.5 m
D 2.0 m

(ii) What is the amplitude of the water wave?

(1)
A 1 cm
B 2 cm
C 4 cm
D 8 cm

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 68 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (b) Describe the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) All electromagnetic waves are transverse.

State two other properties that are the same for all electromagnetic waves.
(2)

1............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 69 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (d) Some types of wave are used in hospitals.

(i) Which type of wave is used in radiotherapy to treat cancer?

(1)
A gamma rays
B infrared
C microwave
D radio waves

(ii) Endoscopes use optical fibres to see inside the body.

Which type of wave should be used in the optical fibres?
(1)
A microwave
B radio waves
C ultraviolet
D visible light

(iii) X‑rays are used to obtain images of broken bones.

Explain why technicians leave the room before taking an x‑ray of a patient.
(2)

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(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 70 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
11 A light ray can undergo total internal reflection.
(a) (i) State two uses of total internal reflection.
(2)

1............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Describe the conditions required for total internal reflection to occur.
(2)

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(b) The diagram shows a light ray entering a glass block from air and then incident
on the flat side of the block at position A.

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 71 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES
 (i) Draw the normal line where the light ray is incident on the flat side of the block.
(1)
(ii) Measure the angle of incidence.
(1)

angle of incidence = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) The critical angle of the glass block is 40°

Continue the path of the light ray after it reaches position A.
(2)

(iv) State the equation linking critical angle and refractive index.
(1)

(v) Calculate the refractive index of the glass block.

(2)

refractive index = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 11 = 11 marks)

Md Ashraful Alam, Physics Teacher, BSS 72 IGCSE EXamination June 2024, WAVES