FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1

Irrational Numbers

1. State which of these fractions have a terminating decimal.

(a) (3/ 5)
(b) (5 / 7)
(c) (25 / 49)
(d) (37 / 40)
(e) (57 / 64)
(f) (59 / 75)
(g) (89 / 125)
(h) (125 / 213)
(i) (147 / 160)
Solutions:
(a) (3 / 5)
5=1×5
5 = 20 × 5 1
i.e, 5 can be expressed as 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(3 / 5) has terminating decimal representation

(b) (5 / 7)
7=1×7
i.e, 7 cannot be expressed a 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(5 / 7) does not have terminating decimal representation

(c) (25 / 49)

49 = 7 × 7
i.e, 49 cannot be expressed as 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(25 / 49) does not have terminating decimal representation

(d) (37 / 40)

40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
40 = 23 × 51
i.e, 40 can be expressed as 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(37 / 40) has terminating decimal representation

(e) (57 / 64)

64 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

64 = 26 × 50
i.e, 64 can be expressed as 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(57 / 64) has terminating decimal representation

(f) (59 / 75)

75 = 5 × 5 × 3
75 = 52 × 31
i.e, 75 cannot be expressed as 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(59 / 75) does not have terminating decimal representation

(g) (89 / 125)

125 = 5 × 5 × 5
125 = 20 × 53
i.e, 125 can be expressed as 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(89 / 125) has terminating decimal representation

(h) (125 / 213)

213 = 3 × 71
i.e, 213 cannot be expressed as 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(125 / 213) does not have terminating decimal representation

(i) (147 / 160)

160 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
160 = 25 × 51
i.e, 160 can be expressed as 2m × 5n
Therefore,
(147 / 160) has terminating decimal representation

2. Express each of the following decimals as a rational number

(a) 0.93
(b) 4.56
(c) 0.614
(d) 21.025
Solution:
(a) 0.93 = 93 / 100
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

Hence,
The rational number of decimal 0.93 is (93 / 100)

(b) 4.56 = (456 / 100)

= (456 ÷ 4) / (100 ÷ 4)
We get,
= (114 / 25)
Hence,
The rational number of decimal 4.56 is (114 / 25)

(c) 0.614 = (614 / 1000)

= (614 ÷ 2) / (1000 ÷ 2)
We get,
= (307 / 500)
Hence,
The rational number of decimal 0.614 is (307 / 500)

(d) 21.025 = (21025 / 1000)

= (21025 ÷ 25) / (1000 ÷ 25)
We get,
= (841 / 40)
Hence,
The rational number of decimal 21.025 is (841 / 40)

3. Convert the following fractions into decimals:

(i) (3 / 5)
(ii) (8 / 11)
(iii) (-2 / 7)
(iv) (12 / 21)
(v) (13 / 25)
(vi) (2 / 3)
Solution:
(i) (3 / 5)
(3 / 5) = 0.6
Hence,
The decimal form of (3 / 5) is 0.6
(ii) (8 / 11)
(8 / 11) = 0.72727272…..
(8 / 11) =
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

Hence,
The decimal form of (8 / 11) is
(iii) (-2 / 7)
(-2 / 7) = -0.285714285714….
(-2 / 7) = -
Hence,
The decimal form of (-2 / 7) is -
(iv) (12 / 21)
(12 / 21) = 0.571428571428……….
(12 / 21) =
Hence,
The decimal form of (12 / 21) is
(v) (13 / 25)
(13 / 25) = 0.52
Hence,
The decimal form of (13 / 25) is 0.52
(vi) (2 / 3)
(2 / 3) = 0.6666…..
(2 / 3) = 0.6
Hence,
The decimal form of (2 / 3) is 0.6

4. Express each of the following decimals as a rational number.

(a) 0.7
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Solution:
(a) 0.7
Let x = 0.7
Then,
x = 0.7777….. (1)
Here, the number of digits recurring is only 1,
So, we multiply both sides of the equation (1) by 10
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

We get,
10x = 10 × 0.7777… (2)
10x = 7.777…..
On subtracting (1) from (2),
We get,
9x = 7
x = (7 / 9)
0.7 = (7 / 9)
Therefore,
0.7 = (7 / 9)

(b)
Let x =
Then,
x = 0.353535…….. (1)
Here,
The number of digits recurring is 2,
So, we multiply both sides of equation (1) by 100
We get,
100x = 100 × 0.353535….
= 35.3535 ……. (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2),
We get,
99x = 35
x = (35 / 99)
Therefore,
= (35 / 99)

(c)
Let x =
Then,
x = 0.898989………. (1)
Here,
The number of digits recurring is 2,
So we multiply both sides of the equation (1) by 100
We get,
100x = 100 × 0.898989………
= 89.8989…. (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2),
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

We get,
99x = 89
x = (89 / 99)
= (89 / 99)
Therefore,
= (89 / 99)

(d)
Let x =
Then,
x = 0.057057…… (1)
Here,
The number of digits recurring is 3,
So, we multiply both sides of the equation (1) by 1000,
We get,
1000x = 1000 × 0.057057……
= 57.057………. (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2),
We get,
999x = 57
x = (57 / 999)
x = (19 / 333)
= (19 / 333)
Therefore,
= (19 / 333)

(e)
Let x =
Then,
x = 0.763763……. (1)
Here,
The number of digits recurring is 3,
So, we multiply both sides of the equation (1) by 1000,
We get,
1000x = 1000 × 0.763763………
= 763.763…….. (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2),
We get,
999x = 763
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

x = (763 / 999)
= (763 / 999)
Therefore,
= (763 / 999)

(f)
Let x =
Then,
x = 2.676767………. (1)
Here,
The number of digits recurring is 2,
So, we multiply both sides of the equation (1) by 100,
We get,
100x = 100 × 2.676767……..
= 267.6767…….. (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2),
We get,
99x = 265
x = (265 / 99)
= (265 / 99)
Therefore,
= (265 / 99)

(g)
Let x = = 4.6724724…….
Here,
Only numbers 724 is being repeated, so first we need to remove 6 which proceeds 724
We multiply by 10 so that only the recurring digits remain after decimal
Thus,
10x = 10 x 4.6724724…….
10x = 46. 724724……. (1)
The number of digits recurring in equation (1) is 3
Hence, we multiply both sides of the equation (1) by 1000
10000x = 1000 x 46.724724 = 46724.724.. …(2)
On subtracting (1) from (2), we get,
9990x = 46678
x = 46678 / 9990
We get,
x = 23339 / 4995
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

(h)
Let x =
= 0.01717……….
Here, only numbers 17 is being repeated, so first we need to remove 0 which proceeds 17
We multiply by 10 so that only the recurring digits remain after decimal,
Hence,
10x = 0.1717…… (1)
The number of digits recurring in equation (1) is 2,
So we multiply both sides of the equation (1) by 100,
Hence,
1000x = 100 × 0.1717……..
= 17.1717….. (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2),
We get,
990x = 17
x = (17 / 990)
= (17 / 990)
Therefore,
= (17 / 990)

(i)
Let x =
= 17.027777……
Here, only number 7 is being repeated, so first we need to remove 02 which proceeds 7
We multiply by 100 so that only the recurring digits remain after decimal
Hence,
100x = 1702.7777……… (1)
The number of digits recurring in equation (1) is 1,
So we multiply both sides of the equation (1) by 10
Hence,
1000x = 10 × 1702.7777……….
= 17027.777………. (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2),
We get,
900x = 15325
x = (15325 / 900)
x = (613 / 36)
= (613 / 36)
Therefore,
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

= (613 / 36)

5. Insert a rational number between:

(a) (2 / 5) and (3 / 4)
(b) (3 / 4) and (5 / 7)
(c) (4 / 3) and (7 / 5)
(d) (5 / 9) and (6 / 7)
Solution:
(a) (2 / 5) and (3 / 4)
= [{(2 / 5) + (3 / 4)} / 2]
On further calculation, we get,
= [{(8 + 15) / 20} / 2]
= {(23 / 20) / 2}
We get,
= (23 / 40)
Therefore,
A rational number lying between (2 / 5) and (3 / 4) is (23 / 40)

(b) (3 / 4) and (5 / 7)
= [{(3 / 4) + (5 / 7)} / 2]
On further calculation, we get,
= [{(21 + 20) / 28} / 2]
= {(41 / 28) / 2}
We get,
= (41 / 56)
Therefore,
A rational number lying between (3 / 4) and (5 / 7) is (41 / 56)

(c) (4 / 3) and (7 / 5)
= [{(4 / 3) + (7 / 5)} / 2]
On further calculation, we get,
= [{(20 + 21) / 15} / 2]
= {(41 / 15) / 2}
We get,
= (41 / 30)
Therefore,
A rational number lying between (4 / 3) and (7 / 5) is (41 / 30)

(d) (5 / 9) and (6 / 7)
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

= [{(5 / 9) + (6 / 7)} / 2]
On further calculation, we get,
= [{(35 + 54) / 63} / 2]
= {(89 / 63) / 2}
We get,
= (89 / 126)
Therefore,
A rational number lying between (5 / 9) and (6 / 7) is (89 / 126)

6. State, whether the following numbers are rational or irrational:

(a) (3 + √3)2
(b) (5 - √5)2
(c) (2 + √2) (2 - √2)
(d) {(√5) / (3√2)}2
Solution:
(a) (3 + √3)2
= (3)2 + (√3)2 + 2 × 3 × √3
On calculating further, we get,
= 9 + 3 + 6√3
= 12 + 6√3
- which is a rational number
Therefore,
(3 + √3)2 is a rational number

(b) (5 - √5)2
= (5)2 + (√5)2 – 2 × 5 × √5
On further calculation, we get,
= 25 + 5 - 10√5
= 30 - 10√5
-which is a irrational number
Therefore,
(5 - √5)2 is an irrational number

(c) (2 + √2) (2 - √2)

= (2)2 – (√2)2
=4–2
=2
-which is a rational number
Therefore,
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

(2 + √2) (2 - √2) is a rational number

(d) {(√5) / (3√2)}2

= {(5) / (9 × 2)}
We get,
= (5 / 18)
-which is a rational number
Therefore,
{(√5) / (3√2)}2 is a rational number

7. Check whether the square of the following is rational or irrational:

(a) 3√2
(b) 3 + √2
(c) (3√2) / 2
(d) √2 + √3
Solution:
(a) 3√2
(3√2)2
=9×2
= 18
-which is a rational number
Hence,
The square of (3√ 2) is a rational number

(b) 3 + √2
(3 + √2)2
= (3)2 + (√2)2 + 2 × 3 × √2
On further calculation, we get,
= 9 + 2 + 6√2
= 11 + 6√2
-which is irrational number
Hence,
The square of (3 + √2) is an irrational number

(c) (3√2) / 2
{(3√2) / 2}2
= (9 × 2) / 4
= (9 / 2)
-which is a rational number
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

Hence,
The square of {(3√2) / 2} is a rational number

(d) √2 + √3
(√2 + √3)2
= (√2)2 + (√3)2 + 2 × √2 × √3
= 2 + 3 + 2√6
We get,
= 5 + 2√6
-which is irrational number
Hence,
The square of (√2 + √3) is an irrational number

8. Show that √5 is an irrational number. (Use division method)

Solution:

Here,
Clearly, √5 = 2.23606…… is an irrational number
Therefore,
√5 is an irrational number

9. Without using division method show that √7 is an irrational number

Solution:
Let √7 be a rational number
Hence,
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

√7 = (a / b)
On squaring both sides, we get,
7 = (a2 / b2)
a2 = 7b2
Since, a2 is divisible by 7, a is also divisible by 7………. (1)
Let a = 7c
On squaring both sides, we get,
a2 = 49c2
Substituting a2 = 7b2
We get,
7b2 = 49c2
b2 = 7c2
Since, b2 is divisible by 7, b is also divisible by 7……… (2)
From (1) and (2) we can observe that both a and b are divisible by 7
i.e, a and b have a common factor 7
This contradicts our assumption that (a / b) is rational number
i.e, a and b do not have any common factor other than unity (1)
Hence,
(a / b) is not rational number
√7 is not rational number
Therefore,
√7 is an irrational number

10. Write a pair of irrational numbers

(a) (√3 + 5) and (√5 – 3) whose sum is irrational
(b) (√3 + 5) and (4 - √3) whose sum is rational
(c) (√3 + 2) and (√2 – 3) whose difference is irrational
(d) (√5 – 3) and (√5 + 3) whose difference is rational
(e) (5 + √2) and (√5 – 2) whose product is irrational
(f) (√3 + √2) and (√3 - √2) whose product is rational
Solution:
(a) Given
(√3 + 5) and (√5 – 3) are irrational numbers whose sum is irrational
Thus,
We have,
(√3 + 5) + (√5 – 3)
= √3 + 5 + √5 – 3
We get,
= √3 + √5 + 2
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

-which is irrational number

(b) Given
(√3 + 5) and (4 - √3) are irrational numbers whose sum is rational
Thus,
We have,
(√3 + 5) + (4 - √3)
= √3 + 5 + 4 - √3
We get,
=9
-which is a rational number

(c) Given
(√3 + 2) and (√2 – 3) are irrational numbers whose difference is irrational
Thus,
We have,
(√3 + 2) – (√2 – 3)
= √3 + 2 - √2 + 3
We get,
= √3 - √2 + 5
-which is irrational

(d) Given
(√5 – 3) and (√5 + 3) are irrational numbers whose difference is rational
Thus,
We have,
(√5 – 3) – (√5 + 3)
= √5 – 3 - √5 – 3
We get,
= -6
-which is a rational number

(e) Given
(5 + √2) and (√5 – 2) are irrational numbers whose product is irrational
Thus,
We have,
(5 + √2) (√5 – 2)
= 5 (√5 – 2) + √2 (√5 – 2)
We get,
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

= 5√5 – 10 + √10 - 2√2

-which is irrational numbers

(f) Given
(√3 + √2) and (√3 - √2) are irrational numbers whose product is rational
Thus,
We have,
(√3 + √2) (√3 - √2)
= (√3)2 – (√2)2
=3–2
We get,
=1
-which is a rational number

11. Simplify by rationalizing the denominator in each of the following:

(a) (3√2) / √5
(b) {1 / (5 + √2)}
(c) {1 / (√3 + √2)}
(d) {2 / (3 + √7)}
(e) {5 / (√7 - √2)}
(f) {42 / (2√3 + 3√2)}
(g) {(√3 + 1) / (√3 – 1)}
(h) (√5 - √7) / √3
(i) (3 - √3) / (2 + √2)
Solution:
(a) (3√2) / √5
= {(3√2) / √5} × (√5) / (√5)
On simplification, we get,
= {(3√2) × √5} / (√5)2
We get,
= (3√10) / 5

(b) {1 / (5 + √2)}
= {1 / (5 + √2)} × {(5 - √2) / (5 - √2)}
On simplification, we get,
= (5 - √2) / (5)2 – (√2)2
= (5 - √2) / (25 – 2)
We get,
= (5 - √2) / 23
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

(c) {1 / (√3 + √2)}

= {1 / (√3 + √2)} × (√3 - √2) / (√3 - √2)
On simplification, we get,
= (√3 - √ 2) / (√3)2 – (√2)2
= (√3 - √2) / (3 – 2)
= (√3 - √2) / 1
We get,
= (√3 - √2)

(d) {2 / (3 + √7)}
= {2 / (3 + √7)} × (3 - √7) / (3 - √7)
On further calculation, we get,
= {2 (3 - √7)} / (3)2 – (√7)2
= {2(3 - √7)} / (9 – 7)
= {2(3 - √7)} / 2
We get,
= (3 - √7)

(e) {5 / (√7 - √2)}

= {5 / (√7 - √2)} × (√7 + √2) / (√7 + √2)
On further calculation, we get,
= {5(√7 + √2)} / (√7)2 – (√2)2
= {5(√7 + √2)} / (7 – 2)
= {5(√7 + √2)} / 5
We get,
= (√7 + √2)

(f) {42 / (2√3 + 3√2)}

= {42 / (2√3 + 3√2)} × {(2√3 - 3√2) / (2√3 - 3√2)}
= {42 (2√3 - 3√2)} / (2√3)2 – (3√2)2
On further calculation, we get,
= (84√3 - 126√2) / (4 × 3) – (9 × 2)
= (84√3 - 126√2) / (12 – 18)
= (84√3 - 126√2) / -6
= -14√3 + 21√2
= 21√2 - 14√3
We get,
= 7(3√2 - 2√3)
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

(g) {(√3 + 1) / (√3 – 1)}

= (√3 + 1) / (√3 – 1) × (√3 + 1) / (√3 + 1)
On further calculation, we get,
= (√3 + 1)2 / (√3)2 – (1)2
= {(√3)2 + 2 × √3 × 1 + (1)2} / (3 – 1)
= (3 + 2√3 + 1) / 2
= (4 + 2√3) / 2
We get,
= 2 + √3

(h) (√5 - √7) / √3

= {(√5 - √7) / √3} × (√3) / (√3)
= (√5 × √ 3 - √7 × √ 3) / (√3)2
We get,
= (√15 - √21) / 3

(i) (3 - √3) / (2 + √2)

= (3 - √3) / (2 + √2) × (2 - √2) / (2 - √2)
= {3(2 - √2) - √3 (2 - √2)} / (2)2 – (√2)2
On further calculation, we get,
= (6 - 3√2 - 2√3 + √6) / (4 – 2)
= (6 - 3√2 - 2√3 + √6) / 2

12. Simplify by rationalizing the denominator in each of the following:

(i) (5 + √6) / (5 - √6)
(ii) (4 + √8) / (4 - √8)
(iii) (√15 + 3) / (√15 – 3)
(iv) (√7 - √5) / (√7 + √5)
(v) (3√5 + √7) / (3√5 - √7)
(vi) (2√3 - √6) / (2√3 + √6)
(vii) (5√3 - √15) / (5√3 + √15)
(viii) (2√6 - √5) / (3√5 - 2√6)
(ix) (7√3 - 5√2) / (√48 + √18)
(x) (√12 + √18) / (√75 - √50)
Solution:
(i) (5 + √6) / (5 - √6)
= (5 + √6) / (5 - √6) × (5 + √6) / (5 + √6)
On further calculation, we get,
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

= (5 + √6)2 / (5)2 - (√6)2

= {(5)2 + 2 × 5 × √6 + (√6)2} / (25 - 6)
= (25 + 10√6 + 6) /19
We get,
= (31 + 10√6) / 19

(ii) (4 + √8) / (4 - √8)

= (4 + √8) / (4 - √8) × (4 + √8) / (4 + √8)
On further calculation, we get,
= (4 + √8)2 / (4)2 – (√8)2
= {(4)2 + 2 × 4 × √8 + (√8)2} / (16 – 8)
= (16 + 8√8 + 8) / (16 – 8)
= (24 + 8√8) / 8
We get,
= 3 + √8

(iii) (√15 + 3) / (√15 – 3)

= (√15 + 3) / (√15 – 3) × (√15 + 3) / (√15 + 3)
= (√15 + 3)2 / (√15)2 – (3)2
= {(√15)2 + 2 × √15 × 3 + (3)2} / (15 – 9)
On further calculation, we get,
= (15 + 6√15 + 9) / 6
= (24 + 6√15) / 6
We get,
= 4 + √15

(iv) (√7 - √5) / (√7 + √5)

= (√7 - √5) / (√7 + √5) × (√7 - √5) / (√7 - √5)
= (√7 - √5)2 / (√7)2 – (√5)2
On further calculation, we get,
= (7 + 5 - 2√35) / (7 – 5)
= (12 - 2√35) / 2
We get,
= 6 - √35

(v) (3√5 + √7) / (3√5 - √7)

= (3√5 + √7) / 3√5 - √7) × (3√5 + √7) / (3√5 + √7)
= (3√5 + √7)2 / (3√5)2 – (√7)2
On further calculation, we get,
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

= {(3√5)2 + (√7)2 + 2 × 3√5 × √7} / (45 – 7)

= (45 + 7 + 6√35) / 38
= (52 + 6√35) / 38
We get,
= (26 + 3√35) / 19

(vi) (2√3 - √6) / (2√3 + √6)

= (2√3 - √6) / (2√3 + √6) × (2√3 - √6) / (2√3 - √6)
= (2√3 - √6)2 / (2√3)2 – (√6)2
On further calculation, we get,
= {(2√3)2 + (√6)2 – 2 × 2√3 × √6} / (4× 3 – 6)
= (12 + 6 - 4√18) / (12 – 6)
= (18 - 4√18) / 6
= (9 - 2√18) / 3
= (9 - 6√2) / 3
We get,
= 3 - 2√2

(vii) (5√3 - √15) / (5√3 + √15)

= (5√3 - √15) / 5√3 + √15) × (5√3 - √15) / (5√3 - √15)
= (5√3 - √15)2 / (5√3)2 – (√15)2
On further calculation, we get,
= (75 + 15 - 10√45) / (75 – 15)
= (90 - 10√45) / 60
= (9 - 1√45) / 6
= (9 - 3√5) / 6
We get,
= (3 - √5) / 2

(viii) (2√6 - √5) / (3√5 - 2√6)

= (2√6 - √5) / (3√5 - 2√6) × (3√5 + 2√6) / (3√5 + 2√6)
On simplification, we get,
= (6√30 + 24 – 15 - 2√30) / (3√5)2 – (2√6)2
= (6√30 + 9 - 2√30) / (45 – 24)
We get,
= (4√30 + 9) / 21

(ix) (7√3 - 5√2) / (√48 + √18)

= (7√3 - 5√2) / (√48 + √18) × (√48 - √18) / (√48 - √18)
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

On simplification, we get,
= (7√144 - 7√54 - 5√96 + 5√36) / (√48)2 – (√18)2
= (84 - 21√6 - 20√6 + 30) / (48 – 18)
We get,
= (114 - 41√6) / 30

(x) (√12 + √18) / (√75 - √50)

= (√12 + √18) / (√75 - √50) × (√75 + √50) / (√75 + √50)
On further calculation, we get,
= {(2√3 + 3√2) (5√3 + 5√2)} / (√75)2 - (√50)2
= (30 + 10√6 + 15√6 + 30) / (75 – 50)
= (60 + 25√6) / 25
We get,
= (12 + 5√6) / 5

13. Simplify each of the following:

(i) 3 / (5 - √3) + 2 / (5 + √3)
(ii) (4 + √5) / (4 - √5) + (4 - √5) / (4 + √5)
(iii) (√5 – 2) / (√5 + 2) – (√5 + 2) / (√5 – 2)
(iv) (√7 - √3) / (√7 + √3) – (√7 + √3) / (√7 - √3)
(v) (√5 + √3) / √5 - √3) + (√5 - √3) / √5 + √3)
Solution:
(i) 3 / (5 - √3) + 2 / (5 + √3)
= {3(5 + √3) + 2(5 - √3)} / (5 - √3) (5 + √3)
On simplification, we get,
= (15 + 3√3 + 10 - 2√3) / (5)2 – (√3)2
= (25 + √3) / (25 – 3)
We get,
= (25 + √3) / 22

(ii) (4 + √5) / (4 - √5) + (4 - √5) / (4 + √5)

= {(4 + √5)2 + (4 - √5)2} / (4 - √5) (4 + √5)
On simplification, we get,
= (16 + 5 + 8√5 + 16 + 5 - 8√5) / (4)2 – (√5)2
= (21 + 21) / (16 – 5)
We get,
= (42 / 11)

(iii) (√5 – 2) / (√5 + 2) – (√5 + 2) / (√5 – 2)

 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

= (√5 – 2)2 – (√5 + 2)2} / (√5 + 2) (√5 – 2)

On simplification, we get,
= (5 + 4 - 4√5 – 5 - 4 - 4√5) / (√5)2 – (2)2
= - 8√5 / (5 – 4)
We get,
= - 8√5

(iv) (√7 - √3) / (√7 + √3) – (√7 + √3) / (√7 - √3)

= (√7 - √3)2 - (√7 + √3)2 / (√7 + √3) (√7 - √3)
On simplification, we get,
= (7 + 3 - 2√21 – 7 – 3 - 2√21) / (√7)2 – (√3)2
= - 4√21 / (7 – 3)
= (- 4√21) / 4
We get,
= - √21

(v) (√5 + √3) / √5 - √3) + (√5 - √3) / √5 + √3)

= (√5 + √3)2 + (√5 - √3)2 / (√5 - √3) (√5 + √3)
On simplification, we get,
= (5 + 3 + 2√15 + 5 + 3 - 2√15) / (5 – 3)
= 16 / 2
We get,
=8

14. Simplify the following:

(i) √6 / (√2 + √3) + 3√2 / (√6 + √3) - 4√3 / (√6 + √2)
(ii) 3√2 / (√6 - √3) - 4√3 / (√6 - √2) + 2√3 / (√6 + 2)
(iii) 6 / (2√3 - √6) + √6 / (√3 + √2) - 4√3 / (√6 - √2)
(iv) 7√3 / (√10 + √3) - 2√5 / (√6 + √5) - 3√2 / (√15 + 3√2)
(v) 4√3 / (2 - √2) – 30 / (4√3 - 3√2) - 3√2 / (3 + 2√3)
Solution:
(i) √6 / (√2 + √3) + 3√2 / (√6 + √3) - 4√3 / (√6 + √2)
Rationalizing the denominator of each term, we have
= {√6 (√2 - √3) / (√2 + √3) (√2 - √3)} + {(3√2 (√6 - √3) / (√6 + √3) (√6 - √3)}- {(4√3 (√6
- √2) / (√6 + √2) (√6 - √2)}
On further calculation, we get,
= {(√12 - √18) / (2 – 3)} + {(3√12 - 3√6) / (6 – 3)} – {(4√18 - 4√6) / (6 – 2)}
= {(√12 - √18) / -1} + {(3√12 - 3√6) / 3} – {(4√18 - 4√6) / 4}
= √18 - √12 + √12 - √6 - √18 + √6
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

We get,
=0

(ii) 3√2 / (√6 - √3) - 4√3 / (√6 - √2) + 2√3 / (√6 + 2)

Rationalizing the denominator of each term, we have,
= {3√2 (√6 + √3) / (√6 - √3) (√6 + √3)} – {(4√3 (√6 + √2) / (√6 - √2) (√6 + √2)} + {(2√3
(√6 – 2) / (√6 + 2) (√6 – 2)}
On further calculation, we get,
= {(3√12 + 3√6) / (6 – 3)} – {(4√18 + 4√6) / (6 – 2)} + {(2√18 - 4√3) / (6 – 4)}
= {(3√12 + 3√6) / 3} – {(4√18 + 4√6) / 4} + {(2√18 - 4√3) / 2}
= √12 + √6 - √18 - √6 + √18 - 2√3
= √12 - 2√3
= 2√3 - 2√3
We get,
=0

(iii) 6 / (2√3 - √6) + √6 / (√3 + √2) - 4√3 / (√6 - √2)

Rationalizing the denominator of each term, we have
= {6 (2√3 + √6) / (2√3 - √6) (2√3 + √6)} + {(√6 (√3 - √2) / (√3 + √2) (√3 - √2)} – {(4√3
(√6 + √2) / (√6 - √2) (√6 + √2)
On simplification, we get,
= (12√3 + 6√6) / (12 – 6) + (√18 - √12) / (3 – 2) – (4√18 + 4√6) / (6 – 2)
= {(12√3 + 6√6) / 6} + {(√18 - √12) / 1} – {(4√18 + 4√6) / 4}
= 2√3 + √6 + √18 - √12 - √18 - √6
= 2√3 - √12
= 2 √3 - 2√3
We get,
=0

(iv) 7√3 / (√10 + √3) – 2 √5 / (√6 + √5) - 3√2 / (√15 + 3√2)

Rationalizing the denominator of each term, we have,
= {7√3 (√10 - √3) / (√10 + √3) (√10 - √3)} – {2√5 (√6 - √5) / (√6 + √5) (√6 - √5)} – {
3√2 (√15 - 3√2) / (√15 + 3√2) (√15 - 3√2)
= {(7√30 – 21) / (10 – 3)} – {(2√30 – 10) / (6 – 5)} – {(3√30 – 18)/ (15 – 18)}
= (7√30 – 21) / 7 – (2√30 – 10) / 1 – (3√30 – 18) / -3
= (7√30 – 21) / 7 – (2√30 – 10) / 1 + (3√30 – 18) / 3
= √30 – 3 - 2√30 + 10 + √30 – 6
We get,
=1
 FRANK Solutions Class 9 Maths Chapter 1
Irrational Numbers

(v) 4√3 / (2 - √2) – 30 / (4√3 - 3√2) - 3√2 / (3 + 2√3)

Rationalizing the denominator of each term, we have,
= {(4√3 (2 + √2) / (2 - √2) (2 + √2)} – {30 (4√3 + 3√2) / (4√3 - 3√2) (4√3 + 3√2)} –
{(3√2 (3 - 2√3) / (3 + 2√3) (3 - 2√3)
= {(8√3 + 4√6) / (4 – 2)} – {(120√3 + 90√2) / (48 – 18)} – {(9√2 - 6√6) / (9 – 12)}
= {(8√3 + 4√6) / 2} – {120√3 + 90√2) / 30} – {(9√2 - 6√6) / -3}
= {(8√3 + 4√6) / 2} – {(120√3 + 90√2) / 30} + {(9√2 - 6√6) / 3}
= 4√3 + 2√6 - 4√3 - 3√2 + 3√2 - 2√6
We get,
=0

15. If (√2.5 - √0.75) / (√2.5 + √0.75) = p + q√30, find the values of p and q.
Solution:
Given
(√2.5 - √0.75) / (√2.5 + √0.75)
= {(√2.5 - √0.75) / (√2.5 + √0.75)} × {(√2.5 - √0.75) / (√2.5 - √0.75)}
= (√2.5 - √0.75)2 / (√2.5)2 – (√0.75)2
On simplification, we get,
= (2.5 – 2 × √2.5 × √0.75 + 0.75) / (2.5 – 0.75)
= (3.25 – 2 × √0.25 × 10 × √0.25 × 3) / 1.75
= (3.25 – 2 × 0.25√30) / 1.75
= (3.25 – 0.5√30) / 1.75
= (3.25) / (1.75) – (0.5) / (1.75) √30
= (325 / 175) – (50 / 175) √30
= (13 / 7) – (2 / 7) √30
= (13 / 7) + (- 2 / 7) √30
= p + q√30
Therefore,
The value of p = (13 / 7) and q = (- 2 / 7)