ENGLISH

QUOTATION - using the exact words of another author. Same meaning, same word order.
- The word “quote” is short for “quotation”.
- Uses quotation marks: “ “
- A quotation is the exact group of words said/written by someone, and it is repeated by another person using the same
exact words.

EXAMPLE:

“Learning is the only thing the mind never exhausts, never fears, and never regrets”
- Leonardo Da Vinci

PARAPHRASING - restating an idea in your own words. Same meaning, different words and order.
- Rewriting or restating an idea using different words, different grammar, and different word order.
- A paraphrase has the same meaning as the original sentence and is about the same length.
- Sometimes called “citation” especially in formal writings.
- To make a sentence more understandable.
- To deliver the main idea of an original text in a more concise way.

Properly including quotations and citations help support your ideas and improve the quality of your writing.
- You gain credibility as a trusted source
- You provide sufficient and relevant evidence to support and explain your ideas & claims
- You protect yourself from plagiarism accusations
- You demonstrate the ability to include outside sources

It is important to include quotations in these forms of writings:

- Essays and compositions
- Literary Response and Analysis Essays
- Research Papers
- Term Papers

4 DIFFERENT WAYS OF INTRODUCING A QUOTE

1. Introduce your quote with a complete sentence that describes the quotation or provides information about it. Then,
before inserting the quote, punctuate it with a colon [ : ]
Kim Namjoon's insightful reflection on self-acceptance emphasizes the continuity of identity: "Maybe I made a
mistake yesterday, but yesterday’s me is still me."
2. Begin your sentence with a phrase that introduces the quote, and then punctuate with a comma ( , ) before including
the quote.
In his speech, Kim Namjoon spoke about embracing one's flaws and past actions: "Maybe I made a mistake yesterday,
but yesterday’s me is still me."

3. When including short quotations in your own writing, you should stick to just two-to-four-word phrases.
Place quotation marks around the author’s original words and punctuate the sentence as you normally would.
"Maybe I made a mistake yesterday," Kim Namjoon acknowledged, "but yesterday’s me is still me."

4. Begin your sentence by paraphrasing the first part quote, and then finish the sentence with the quote.
Kim Namjoon's words highlight the importance of acknowledging past errors while embracing personal growth:
"Perhaps I failed in the past, but the person I was yesterday remains part of who I am today."

MORE EXAMPLES FOR INTRODUCING QUOTES:

- According to (include source here), “put quote here” (intext citation).
- According to (include source here), (put paraphrased, researched information here) (in-text citation).
- For example, the traffic light “put quote here” (in-text citation).
- For instance, (put paraphrased, researched information here) (in-text citation).
TLE

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES COOKERY

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES:
- Vegetables are parts of a plant, which are used for viands and salads. These includes leafy vegetables, stems and bulbs,
root crops, and fruit vegetables like cucumber, bitter gourd, and tomatoes.
- Fruits are products of a plant that are sweet, fleshy, and juicy, and are mostly eaten as dessert.

NUTRITIVE VALUE
- Contain large amounts of vitamins and minerals that are essential in optimizing our health.
- They are high in water content.
- Low in calories and fats and they are composed of antioxidants and fibers that help protect the human body from
diseases
- There should be a sufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables included in every meals.
- A diet rich in vegetables and fruits can lessen the risk of cancer, diabetes, stroke, eye and digestive problems, and can
help lower the cholesterol level in the body.

CARBOHYDRATE
- Main nutrients present in fruits and vegetables.
- Provides the body with energy.
- Good source of fiber that helps improve digestive functions, lower cholesterol level in the body, and lessen the risk of
diabetes too.

POTASSIUM
- Essential in neutralizing the bad effects of sodium in the blood pressure, nerve and muscle functions and regulating
electrolytes.

FOLATE
- Needed in the formation of DNA together with B Vitamins.
- Abundant in avocado, spinach, peas, kidney beans, lettuce, sprouts and asparagus.

VITAMIN C
- Derived mostly from citrus fruits like lemon, orange, and calamansi etc.
- Helps the body to repair itself.
- It is good in resisting infections and building a stronger immune system.
- Helps the body to form and maintain collagen.
VITAMIN A
- Development of a normal vision
- Maintaining normal cell growth and proper immune function
- Promotes the normal growth of bones and teeth
- Helps maintain the healthy skin tissues and night vision

VITAMIN B
- Prevents beriberi (a disease marked by weakness, wasting, and damage to nerves)
- helps the body to use carbohydrates
- helps the body to break and down proteins

MINERALS
- Human body needs 21 minerals to maintain good health
- It is needed to build bones, soft tissue and other compounds

CLASSIFICATION
LEAFY VEGETABLES
- come from a wide variety of plants, which can be eaten raw or cooked
- Can be used for salads or viands
EXAMPLES: Spinach, cabbage, romaine lettuce and swamp cabbage

STEMS AND BULBS

- Commonly connected.
- Stem vegetables - edible botanical stems that are harvested and cooked
- Bulbs - underground structure where the plant’s nutrient reserved are stored.
EXAMPLES: Stems and bulbs are spring onions, celery, chives, green onions and leeks.

ROOTS AND TUBERS

- Tubers - enlarged and specialized stem tissues that store nutrients for the plants and produce several tubers with just a
single plant. (Beets/carrots)
- Roots - refer to the tap roots that produce only one root crop from a single plant. (Potatoes)

FLOWER VEGETABLES
- Any plant whose leaves, stems, roots, and seeds are edible.
EXAMPLES: Cauliflower, banana blossoms and broccoli

LEGUMES OR SEED VEGETABLES

- rich sources of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
EXAMPLES: Soya, nuts, pea pods, and beans.
FRUITS VEGETABLES
- products of plants that contain seeds and provide a savory taste.
EXAMPLES: Cucumber, pumpkin, bitter gourd, and tomatoes

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
A. CARBS RICH – SEEDS, ROOTS AND TUBERS
B. PROTEIN RICH – SEEDS; LEGUMES AND PULSES
C. FAT RICH – NUTS, OLIVES, AVOCADOS
D. HIGH MOISTURE RICH – MUSHROOMS, TOMATOES, RADISHES, LETTUCES, AND CUCUMBERS

GUIDELINES IN BUYING FRUITS

1. Buy fruits early in the morning
2. Buy fruits that are in season because they are very delicious and cheaper in price.
3. Avoid buying large quantities unless you intend to eat or cook them immediately. Remember fruits are easily get
rotten.
4. Select fruits that are ripe but firm.
5. Choose fruits that have vibrant colors or good aroma.
6. Decide where you will use the fruits before buying.

GUIDELINES IN BUYING VEGETABLES

1. Buy vegetables that are free from bruises and damages.
2. Choose leafy vegetables that are young and fresh.
3. Buy dry seeds or legumes that do not have a powdery texture.
4. Buy root crops that are free from dark spots and dirt.

PRINCIPLES OF COOKING FRUITS

1. Underripe fruits or firm texture require cooking
2. If fresh fruits will be used for cooking, they should be cooked with the skin or retain better color, flavor, and nutritive
value. Fruits should be cut into uniform sizes to ensure that all the pieces will be cooked at the same time.
3. Small amount of water should be used in cooking fruits to retain their flavor and nutrients.
4. The amount of sugar added to fruits depend on the sweetness of the fruit.
5. Served cooked fruits immediately after cooking for better taste.

PRINCIPLES OF COOKING VEGETABLES

1. Cook leafy vegetables uncovered to prevent from overcooking
2. Peel and cut the vegetables just before cooking to avoid discoloration.
3. Avoid soaking the vegetables in water to retain their nutrients.
4. Use the smallest amount of water possible in boiling the leafy vegetables
5. Leafy vegetables are best if they are half cooked for a crispier texture.
6. Cook starchy vegetables like potatoes and taro long enough to gelatinize.

MARKET FORMS OF VEGETABLES

1. Fresh or raw vegetables produce the best finished dish in terms of flavor, texture, appearance, and nutritive value.
2. Frozen vegetables can almost be as good as the fresh ones because this saves preparation, time, and labor, and yields
standard finished product.
3. Canned vegetables yield standard products. This is the most convenient market forms.

ARTS
Theater Arts: Themes and Elements of Art Applied to Performance
- Collaborative form of art where live performers act on stage before a group of audience in a specific place carrying out
a story.
- Live performances like theater plays demand the expertise and collaboration of each member in the production team
as well as the cast to produce a high-quality performance.

THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE
1. TRAGEDY - a dramatic play portraying the struggle of a strong-willed protagonist against fate, as predestined by
mysterious, divine, social, or psychological forces, culminating in disaster and usually caused by a flaw in the
protagonist’s character.
2. COMEDY - a dramatic play of light and humorous character, typically with a cheerful and happy ending.
3. DRAMA - a play that is “for real”. The characters represent realistic and everyday people.
4. MELODRAMA - a dramatic composition characterized by extravagant theatricality and the dominance of plot and
physical action over characterization.

ELEMENTS
1. SOUND AND MUSIC
- The sound effects also make the play more realistic and exciting.
- The use of sound and music in a play entails the incorporation of sound recording and editing techniques using
applications for computers, tablets and Android phones.

2. GESTURE, MOVEMENT, DANCE

- These are bodily movements or actions that usually express emotions, character, and narrative actions with
accompanying sound or music.

3. COSTUME, MASK, MAKE-UP, ACCESSORIES

- These comprise the visual effects, of which the main function is to enhance visibility and aesthetic value.
4. SPECTACLE
- something exhibited for view as something unusual, notable, or entertaining, especially an eye catching or dramatic
public display.

PHILIPPINE PLAYS
1. SARSWELA - a type of melodrama in three acts where pieces are both spoken and sung. Aside from being a
significant part of the Philippine history, it was also employed as a tool to fight against colonization.

2. EPIC POETRY - Dating back to the pre-colonial period and commonly presented during festivals and gatherings, it is
considered by scholars to be the highest point of Filipino folk literature. The usual topics are romance and adventure.

3. DUPLO - a poetic debate presented through song and dance originating from indigenous courtship customs. In this
type of play, poets use proverbs and riddles to present their suit to the woman of their choice.

4. MORO-MORO - one of the most popular types of theater that and depicts the conflicts between the
Moros and the Christians. Themes like love, and vengeance, and religion predominate.

5. SENAKULO - also known as Passion play. This dramatization of the life and death of Jesus Christ has been a part of the
lives of the Catholics and is celebrated during Holy Week.

6. TRADITIONAL FOLKDANCE - one of the oldest forms of theater and thus an important part of our heritage today.
These are dances that reflect the lives of the people in a certain place or region and describe their culture and origin

7. BODABIL – Vaudeville of American origin that became uniquely Filipino with the localization of the name, Bodabil. It is
a variety show consisting of musical numbers and comedic and dramatic skits with songs and dances. It was
popularized by Filipino artists like Dolphy, Anita Linda, and Atang dela Rama.

MISS SAIGON – LEA SALONGA