REVIEWER

INTRODUCTION
TO
CONIC SECTIONS
It is a curve obtained by the intersection of a plane and a double
nappe right circular cone.
CONIC SECTION
It is formed when a plane intersects the double right circular cone
at its vertex. DEGENERATE
CONICS
It is formed when a straight line intersects a vertical line at the
.

fixed point and rotates about the fixed point.

DOUBLE NAPPE
RIGHT
CIRCULAR CONE
It is formed when a plane is parallel to the base of the cone.
CIRCL
E
It is formed when the plane intersects only one cone to form a
bounded curve.
ELLIPSE
It is formed when a plane cuts both nappes of the two cones and
passes through the base.
HYPERBOLA
It is formed when a plane is parallel to the generating line of the
.

cone.
PARABOLA
It is formed when a cutting plane is parallel to the generator of
the cone and passes through the vertex.
LINE
It is formed when the cutting plane is parallel to the base of the
cone and passes exactly at the vertex of the cone.
POINT
It is formed when a plane cuts both nappes of the two cones and
passes through the vertex.
TWO INTERSECTING
.
LINES
CIRCLE
It is a set of all points on a plane that are equidistant from a given
fixed point. CIRCLE

It is the fixed point of a circle.CENTE

R
It is the distance from the center to any point on the circle.
RADIU
.
S
It is a chord that passes through the center of the circle. Its length
is two times the length of radius.
DIAMET
ER
It is the distance around a circle.
CIRCUMFEREN
CE
 Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle.
Circle with center at the origin Circle with center at (h,k)

Example: C(0,0) r = 5 Example: C(2,-3) r = 2

General Form of the Equation of a Circle.

Standard Form to General Form General Form to Standard Form

PARABOLA
The curve is formed by the intersection of a plane and a cone
when the plane is at the same slant as the side of the cone.
PARABO
LA
It refers to the point where the parabola crosses its axis of
symmetry. VERTE
X
It refers to the fixed point in the interior of a parabola that lies on
the axis of symmetry.
FOCUS
It is a line segment that passes through the focus of a parabola
parallel to the directrix with endpoints on the parabola.
LATUS
RECTUM
It refers to the line that divides the parabola into two congruent
halves. AXIS OF
SYMMETRY
It refers to the line perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of a
parabola. DIRECTRI
X
 Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola
Vertex at the origin (0,0) Vertex at (h,k)
Direction: opens upward
opens downward
Direction: opens to the right
opens to the left
.
The characteristics of parabolas with vertex at (0,0) are
summarized
Vertex (0,0) below:
Parabola with horizontal axis of symmetry Parabola with vertical axis of symmetry
(x-axis) (y-axis)
Equation
Focus (p, 0) (0, p)

Opening of If p>0, parabola opens to the right. If p>0, parabola opens upward.
Parabola If p<0, parabola opens to the left. If p<0, parabola opens downward.

Latus Rectum

Axis of Equation: y=k ; k=0 Equation: x=h ; h=0

Symmetry Direction: horizontal Direction: vertical

Directrix Equation: x = -p Equation: y = -p

Direction: vertical Direction: horizontal
The characteristics of parabolas with vertex at (h,k) are
summarized
Vertex (0,0) below:
Parabola with horizontal axis of symmetry Parabola with vertical axis of symmetry
(x-axis) (y-axis)
Equation
Focus (h + p, k) (h, k + p)

Opening of If p>0, parabola opens to the right. If p>0, parabola opens upward.
Parabola If p<0, parabola opens to the left. If p<0, parabola opens downward.

Latus Rectum

Axis of Equation: y=k Equation: x=h

Symmetry Direction: horizontal Direction: vertical

Directrix Equation: x = h - p Equation: y = k - p

Direction: vertical Direction: horizontal
 Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola
Vertex at the origin (0,0) Vertex at (h,k)
Direction: opens upward
opens downward
Direction: opens to the right
opens to the left
.

General Form of the Equation of a Parabola

Standard Form to General Form General Form to Standard Form

ELLIPSE
It is the sum of all points in a plane that the sum of the distance
from two fixed points in that plane stays constant.
ELLIPSE
It is the two fixed points of an ellipse.
FOCI
(FOCUS)
It is the line segment joining the vertices of an ellipse.
MAJOR
AXIS
It is a line segment that passes through the center and
perpendicular to the major axis whose endpoints are on the
ellipse.
MINOR AXIS
It is the two points on the ellipse that lie on the major axis.
VERTICE
S
It is the midpoint of the two vertices of an ellipse.
CENTER
It is the distance from the center to a focus of an ellipse.
FOCAL DISTANCE
/c
a – is the distance from the center to a vertex
b – is the distance from the center to a co-vertex
c – is the focal distance
 Standard Form of the Equation of an Ellipse
Center at the origin (0,0) Vertex at (h,k)
Horizontal Ellipse

Vertical Ellipse

. a>b

Example: C (0,0) Example: C (3,-1)

Foci: (-3,0) (3,0) Foci: (-1,-1) (7,-1)
Vertices: (-5,0) (5,0) Vertices: (-2,-1) (8,-1)
 General Form of the Equation of an Ellipse

Standard Form to General Form General Form to Standard Form

HYPERBOLA
It is the set of all points in a plane such that the absolute value of
the difference of the distance between two fixed points stays
constant. HYPERBO
LA
It is the two fixed points of a hyperbola.
FOCI
(FOCUS)
It is the line segment joining the vertices of a hyperbola.
TRANSVERSE
AXIS
It is a line segment perpendicular to the transverse axis whose
length is 2b
CONJUGATE
AXIS
It is the two points on the hyperbola that lie on the transverse
axis.
VERTICE
S
It is the midpoint of the two vertices of a hyperbola.
CENTER
It is the distance from the center to a focus of a hyperbola.
FOCAL DISTANCE
/c
a – is the distance from the center to a vertex
b – is the distance from the center to a co-vertex
c – is the focal distance
 Standard Form of the Equation of a Hyperbola
Center at the origin (0,0) Vertex at (h,k)
Horizontal Hyperbola

Vertical Hyperbola

Example: C (0,0) Example: C (2,2)

Foci: (0,20) (0,-20) Foci: (-1,2) (5,2)
Vertices: (0,15) (0,-15) Vertices: (0,2) (4,2)
 General Form of the Equation of a Hyperbola

Standard Form to General Form General Form to Standard Form

REMEMBER!

THE ONLY WAY TO LEARN

MATHEMATICS
IS TO DO MATHEMATICS.