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A new era of global opportunities awaits India in higher education

With initiatives like ‘Study in India’ and the recognition of qualifications of other countries, India is
positioning itself as a growing hub for international education

India offers tremendous opportunities in various sectors, the education is no different.

Internationalisation of this sector was envisaged in the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP), and the
Government of India has taken effective steps over the last 4 years towards achieving this goal.
Initiatives such as Study in India, Foreign Higher Educational Institutions (FHEIs) setting up campuses
in India, collaborations between Indian institutions and FHEIs, and mutual recognition of
qualifications between governments are already seeing positive results. Enabling FHEIs to set up their
campuses in India was allowed through Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) regulations
as well as by the University Grants Commission (UGC). These regulations aim to attract top-ranked
global universities and institutions to India and offer Indian students a chance to avail global
certifications at comparatively affordable costs in their home country.

We have already seen Deakin University operationalise its campus in July this year and the University
of Wollongong preparing for their launch, both at GIFT City. The University of Southampton (UK),
ranked 80th in the 2025 QS World Rankings, became the first university to receive a Letter of Intent
(LoI) from the Indian Government to establish its campus in India.

We are also seeing Indian institutions set up campuses overseas as part of the internationalisation
initiative. IIT Delhi has set up its first international campus in Abu Dhabi and IIT Madras has located its
first overseas campus in Zanzibar. The UGC Institutions of Eminence (IoE) guidelines enable IoEs to set
up their campuses overseas and BITS Pilani and Manipal Academy took advantage of the window to
do their forays outside India. While there is a lot of interest from other private universities to set up
campuses overseas, promulgating an enabling framework through regulations by the government
would catalyze this interest further. In May 2022, the government revamped the collaboration
guidelines to allow for joint degree, dual degree and twinning programmes between Indian
institutions and FHEIs. We have already seen a lot of traction in this space, with Manipal Institute of
Technology tying up with Deakin, the University of Australia, and Shoolini University offering dual
degrees with the University of Melbourne being some recent examples.

Studying in India is another initiative towards the internationalisation of the Indian education system.
It is a flagship programme of the Government of India in line with PM Modi’s vision. The website
portal acts as a single window system for admission and visa applications for foreign students wanting
to pursue higher education in India, with more than 60,000 students already registering through this
portal. The baton of internationalisation of education is also being taken forward through the signing
of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOUs) and the Mutual Recognition of Qualification (MRQ)
Agreement between India and other countries, which aims to facilitate student and faculty
exchanges.

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There are around 50 plus active MoUs (including France, and Germany) with a few under negotiation.
MRQs have been signed with a few countries as well and some are under negotiation. A fabulous start
to an era of transformation of the Indian education landscape! Is there a need to do more? A more
targeted approach, probably through a campaign run with Indian consulates in overseas countries,
could further the cause of internationalisation. FHEIs are now rethinking their strategy. Possibly an
opportunity for India to tap – open an FHEI campus in India and offer itself as an alternate education
hub in the region. [Practice exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

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Vocabulary
1. Await (verb) – Wait for, anticipate, expect, 11. Operationalise (verb) – Implement,
look forward to, be in store for execute, activate, put into operation, bring
into effect

12. Letter of Intent (noun) – A document

2. Recognition (noun) – Acknowledgment,
declaring the preliminary commitment of
acceptance, appreciation, identification,
one party to do business with another
validation
आ
3. Hub (noun) – Center, focal point, nucleus,
13. Establish (verb) – Set up, found, institute,
core, heart
create, form
4. Tremendous (adjective) – Enormous,
14. Overseas (adjective) – Foreign,
immense, huge, vast, colossal
international, abroad, external, cross-
5. Envisage (verb) – Imagine, envision, border
foresee, contemplate, anticipate
15. Internationalisation (noun) –
Globalization, worldwide expansion,
universalization, transnationalization,
6. Set up (phrasal verb) – Establish, found,
global integration
initiate, start, launch
16. Window (noun) – Opportunity, chance,
7. Collaboration (noun) – Cooperation,
opening, period, time frame
partnership, alliance, teamwork,
association 17. Foray (noun) – Venture, attempt,
endeavor, excursion, expedition
8. Mutual (adjective) – Reciprocal, shared,
common, joint, bilateral 18. Promulgate (verb) – Announce, proclaim,
declare, publicize, enact
9. Avail (verb) – Utilize, use, employ, take
advantage of, benefit from 19. Enabling (adjective) – Facilitating,
supportive, assisting, empowering, aiding
10. Affordable (adjective) – Reasonable,
economical, inexpensive, low-cost, budget-
friendly 20. Catalyse (verb) – Stimulate, accelerate,
spur, trigger, prompt

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21. Revamp (verb) – Renovate, overhaul, 30. Take the baton (phrase) – Take over,
refurbish, renew, modernize assume control, carry on, continue, pick up
the torch
22. Twinning (adjective) – Pairing, coupling,
matching, partnering, associating 31. Facilitate (verb) – Ease, assist, help, aid,
promote
23. Traction (noun) – Momentum, progress,
acceptance, support, popularity 32. Era (noun) – Period, age, epoch, time,
phase
24. Space (noun) – Area, field, domain, sector,
realm 33. Landscape (noun) – Scene, setting,
environment, terrain, backdrop
25. Tie up (phrasal verb) – Collaborate,
partner, associate, ally, team up 34. Consulate (noun) – Diplomatic office,
embassy branch, foreign mission,
government office abroad, legation
26. Flagship (adjective) – Main, leading,
premier, primary, principal
35. Further (verb) – Advance, promote,
27. In line with (phrase) – In accordance with, enhance, encourage, forward आ
consistent with, in agreement with,
36. Cause (noun) – Purpose, aim, goal,
conforming to, matching
objective, mission
28. Pursue (verb) – Follow, seek, strive for,
37. Tap (verb) – Utilize, exploit, harness, draw
chase, go after
upon, access
29. Register (verb) – Enroll, sign up, record,
enter, enlist

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Summary of the Editorial

1. India's Educational Opportunities: India offers tremendous opportunities in various sectors,
including education.
2. Internationalisation in NEP 2020: The National Education Policy 2020 envisaged the
internationalisation of the education sector.
3. Government Initiatives Over Four Years: The Indian government has taken effective steps in the
last four years to achieve this goal.
4. Key Initiatives Launched: Initiatives like 'Study in India,' allowing Foreign Higher Educational
Institutions (FHEIs) to set up campuses, collaborations between Indian and foreign institutions, and
mutual recognition of qualifications are showing positive results.
5. Regulations Enabling FHEIs: FHEIs can establish campuses in India through regulations by Gujarat
International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) and the University Grants Commission (UGC).
6. Attracting Top Global Universities: These regulations aim to attract top-ranked global universities
to India, offering global certifications at affordable costs.
7. Notable FHEI Campuses in India: Deakin University has operationalized its campus in GIFT City, and
the University of Wollongong is preparing to launch there; the University of Southampton has
received a Letter of Intent to establish its campus in India.
8. Indian Institutions Abroad: Indian institutions like IIT Delhi and IIT Madras have set up
international campuses in Abu Dhabi and Zanzibar, respectively.
9. UGC Institutions of Eminence Guidelines: These guidelines enable Institutions of Eminence to
establish campuses overseas, with BITS Pilani and Manipal Academy already doing so.
10. Collaborations and Dual Degrees: The government revamped collaboration guidelines in May 2022
to allow joint degrees, dual degrees, and twinning programs between Indian institutions and FHEIs.
11. Examples of Recent Collaborations: Manipal Institute of Technology has tied up with Deakin
University, and Shoolini University is offering dual degrees with the University of Melbourne.
12. 'Study in India' Program: This flagship program acts as a single-window system for admission and
visa applications for foreign students, with over 60,000 registrations so far.
13. Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs): India is advancing internationalization through MoUs
and Mutual Recognition of Qualification Agreements with other countries to facilitate student and
faculty exchanges.
14. Active MoUs and Negotiations: There are over 50 active MoUs with countries like France and
Germany, and more are under negotiation.
15. Need for Targeted Campaigns: A more targeted approach, possibly through campaigns run by
Indian consulates abroad, could further the cause of internationalization, presenting India as an
alternative education hub as FHEIs rethink their strategies.

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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. What is the tone of the passage? [Editorial Page]
A. Pessimistic and skeptical
B. Critical and disapproving
C. Optimistic and encouraging
D. Neutral and detached
2. What is the main theme of the passage?
A. The challenges facing India's education sector due to globalization.
B. The progress and initiatives in internationalizing India's education system.
C. The decline of foreign universities in India.
D. The need for stricter regulations on foreign educational institutions.
3. Which of the following can be inferred as a potential benefit of allowing Foreign Higher
Educational Institutions (FHEIs) to set up campuses in India?
A. It will decrease the number of Indian students going abroad for higher education.
B. It will result in higher education becoming more expensive in India.
C. It will limit collaborations between Indian and foreign universities.
D. It will reduce the quality of education provided by Indian institutions.
4. Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank:
"These regulations aim to attract top-ranked global universities and institutions to India and
offer Indian students a chance to avail global certifications at comparatively ______ costs in
their home country."
A. elevated
B. exorbitant
C. affordable
D. prohibitive
5. What is one of the main objectives of the Mutual Recognition of Qualifications (MRQ)
Agreements that India is signing with other countries?
A. To reduce trade tariffs between countries.
B. To promote Indian tourism abroad.
C. To establish military alliances.
D. To facilitate student and faculty exchanges.
6. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given
sentence.
I have been living in Hyderabad since I am born
A. since I was born
B. since I have born
C. since I will be born
D. since I born
7. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
A person who sells and arranges cut flowers.
A. Horticulturist

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B. Botanist
C. Florist
D. Gardener
8. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word.
She was elated about her promotion, but her colleague felt quite disheartened
A. proud
B. delighted
C. cheerful
D. Discouraged
9. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
A place where fruit trees are grown
A. Garden
B. Museum
C. Quay
D. Orchard
10. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
A small group of people who spend their time together and do not welcome other
people into that group
A. Clique
B. Employees
C. Lobby
D. Squad
11. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains
a grammatical error.
Renewable energy / sources like solar and wind power / will replaced traditional fossil fuels /
and help reduce carbon emissions
A. and help reduce carbon emissions
B. will replaced traditional fossil fuels
C. sources like solar and wind power
D. Renewable energy
12. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the
correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. More children go to school than at any time in the past. But more children today are out of
school than any time in the past.
B. But it is not enough to blame the high birth rate for this state of affairs.
C. Indeed, it can be reasonably argued that continued mass illiteracy is not the result but the
cause of the high birth rate.
D. There are more literate people in India today than ever before. But there are also more
illiterates than ever before.
A. ABCD
B. DABC

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C. CBAD
D. BADC
13. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
On the ball
A. Aware of any changes or developments and quick to react to them
B. Unaware of any changes or developments and lazy to react to them
C. Aware of any changes or developments but slow to react to them
D. Aware of any changes or developments but doing nothing
14. Select the most appropriate synonym of the bold word in the following sentence.
He tried to alleviate the sufferings of his neighbours
A. Swell
B. Add
C. Relieve
D. Intensify
15. Identify the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
Timid
A. Meek
B. Daring
C. Spooky
D. Anxious
16. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active voice.
The contract was grabbed by the biggest telecom company in India.
A. The biggest telecom company in India grabs the contract.
B. The biggest telecom company in India grabbed the contract.
C. The biggest telecom company in India will grab the contract.
D. The biggest telecom company in India has grabbed the contract.
17. The following sentence contains a word with a spelling error. Rectify the sentence by
selecting the correct spelling of the identified word from the given options.
He has to be conscious of his public manners as he is a decendent of a reputed family in this
region.
A. Dicsendent
B. Decendant
C. Descendant
D. Discendent
18. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active voice.
By whom was grammar taught to you?
A. You were taught grammar by whom?
B. Who taught you grammar?
C. Who had taught you grammar?
D. Did he teach you grammar?
19. Identify from the given options the word which is similar in meaning to the following word.
Equivocal

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A. Ambiguous
B. Balanced
C. Clear
D. Representative
20. Select the correctly spelt word.
A. Collaegue
B. Conscensus
C. Entrepreneurship
D. Bizzaire
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The third National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017- 2031, underlying India’s plan for wildlife
conservation, was unveiled (1)______ the Global Wildlife Programme conference. The plan
recognises (2)________ addresses concerns pertaining to climate changes and its impact on
wildlife . The plan details the importance of ecosystems for food production, health and other
aspects of (3)______ survival and sustainable development. It also emphasises preservation of
genetic (4)_______ and sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems which has direct
bearing on our scientific advancements and support to millions of rural communities.
The plan underscores rehabilitation of threatened wildlife species (5)_______ inland aquatic,
coastal and marine ecosystems while conserving their habitats
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. for
B. at
C. to
D. In
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
A. in
B. to
C. and
D. For
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. breed
B. species
C. group
D. Human
24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.
A. conflict
B. rejection
C. focus
D. Diversity
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

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A. including
B. mixing
C. gathering
D. counting

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Answers
1. C 2. B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. A 11. B 12.B
13. A 14.C 15. B 16.B 17. C 18.B 19.A 20. C 21.B 22. C 23.D 24. D
25. A [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. C) Optimistic and encouraging
C is correct because the passage highlights positive developments and initiatives in India's
education sector, using phrases like "tremendous opportunities," "positive results," and "a
fabulous start to an era of transformation." The author expresses enthusiasm and
encouragement about India's progress toward internationalizing education.
A is incorrect because "pessimistic and skeptical" implies a negative outlook, which contradicts
the passage's positive depiction of India's educational initiatives.
B is incorrect as "critical and disapproving" suggests the author is finding faults or expressing
dissatisfaction, which is not evident in the passage.
D is incorrect because "neutral and detached" indicates an unbiased and unemotional tone,
whereas the passage conveys excitement and optimism about the developments.
2. B) The progress and initiatives in internationalizing India's education system.
B is correct because the passage focuses on various initiatives like 'Study in India,' foreign
universities setting up campuses, and mutual recognition agreements—all aimed at
internationalizing India's education system.
A is incorrect because the passage does not emphasize challenges but rather highlights
positive steps and progress.
C is incorrect as there is no mention of a decline of foreign universities in India; instead, the
passage discusses foreign universities establishing campuses in India.
D is incorrect because the passage talks about enabling regulations that facilitate foreign
institutions, not about imposing stricter regulations.
3. A) It will decrease the number of Indian students going abroad for higher education.
The passage mentions that allowing FHEIs to set up campuses in India aims to "offer Indian
students a chance to avail global certifications at comparatively affordable costs in their home
country." This suggests that with international educational opportunities available
domestically, fewer Indian students may feel the need to study abroad.
B: The passage states that education will be at "comparatively affordable costs," not more
expensive. Therefore, higher education becoming more expensive contradicts the information.
C: The passage highlights increasing collaborations between Indian institutions and FHEIs,
indicating that such initiatives promote, rather than limit, partnerships.
D: There is no indication that the quality of education in Indian institutions will reduce;
instead, internationalization is likely to enhance educational standards through competition
and collaboration.
4. C) affordable
The context of the sentence is about providing global certifications to Indian students at lower
costs compared to studying abroad.

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A (elevated): Means increased or higher, which doesn't fit the context of reducing costs.
B (exorbitant): Means unreasonably high prices, which is the opposite of what the passage
conveys.
D (prohibitive): Suggests prices are so high that they prevent people from buying, which
contradicts the aim of making education more accessible.
5. D) To facilitate student and faculty exchanges.
D is correct because the passage states that the MRQ Agreements aim to facilitate student and
faculty exchanges by mutually recognizing educational qualifications between India and other
countries. This enhances internationalization and educational collaboration.
A is incorrect because MRQ Agreements pertain to educational qualifications, not trade tariffs.
C is incorrect because there is no mention of military alliances in the context of MRQ
Agreements in the passage.
C is incorrect because while increased international education may indirectly impact tourism,
the primary goal of MRQ Agreements is not to promote tourism but to recognize educational
qualifications for academic exchanges.
6. A) 'since I was born' का use होगा क्मोंकक वाक्म भें Present Perfect Continuous Tense (I have been
living) का use हुआ है , जो ककसी ऐसी किमा को व्मक्त कयता है जो अतीत भें शुरू हुई थी औय अबी बी
जायी है । 'since' के फाद वारे clause भें बी Past Tense का प्रमोग होना चाहहए, इसलरए 'am born' की
जगह 'was born' का प्रमोग होगा। जैस—
े I have been living in Hyderabad since I was born.
'since I was born' will be used because the sentence uses the Present Perfect Continuous
Tense (I have been living), which indicates an action that started in the past and is still
continuing. The clause after 'since' should also use the Past Tense, so 'am born' should be
replaced with 'was born'. Like— I have been living in Hyderabad since I was born.
7. C) Florist (noun) – A person who sells and arranges cut flowers. फूलवाला
 Horticulturist (noun) – An expert in garden cultivation and management. उद्मान
ववशेषऻ
 Botanist (noun) – An expert in or student of the scientific study of plants. वनस्ऩतत
ववऻानी
 Gardener (noun) – A person who tends and cultivates a garden as a pastime or for a
living. भारी
8. D) Elated (adjective) – Ecstatically happy, delighted, overjoyed, jubilant. प्रपुल्लरत
Antonym: Discouraged (adjective) – Having lost confidence or enthusiasm, disheartened,
demotivated, dispirited. हतोत्साहहत
 Proud (adjective) – Feeling deep pleasure or satisfaction as a result of one's
achievements. गववित
 Delighted (adjective) – Feeling or showing great pleasure, extremely pleased. प्रसन्न

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 Cheerful (adjective) – Noticeably happy and optimistic. आनॊहदत

9. D) Orchard (noun) – A place where fruit trees are grown. परोद्मान
 Garden (noun) – A piece of ground used for growing flowers, fruits, or vegetables.
फगीचा
 Museum (noun) – A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural
interest are stored and exhibited. सॊग्रहारम
 Quay (noun) – A platform lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and
unloading ships. (जहाज़ी) घाट
10. A) Clique (noun) – A small group of people with shared interests who spend time together and
do not readily allow others to join them. सभान रुचच वारे व्मल्क्तमों का गुट/ दल
 Employees (noun) – People employed for wages or salary, especially at a non-executive
level. कभिचायी
 Lobby (noun) – A group of people seeking to influence legislators on a particular issue.
रॉफी
 Squad (noun) – A small group of people having a particular task. दर
11. B) ‘will replaced' के फदरे 'will replace' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक Modal Verb ‘will’ के फाद हभेशा Verb
का Base Form (Simple Form) प्रमुक्त होता है ; जैसे— He will go to the market tomorrow.
'will replace' will be used instead of 'will replaced' because after the Modal Verb ‘will’, the
Base Form (Simple Form) of the verb is always used; Like— He will go to the market tomorrow
12. B) DABC
D मह sentence फताता है कक बायत भें आज ऩहरे से अचधक literate रोग हैं, रेककन साथ ही ऩहरे से
अचधक illiterate रोग बी हैं। मह contrast paragraph का main idea introduce कयता है ।
A, D के फाद logically fit होता है क्मोंकक मह contrast को education के ऺेत्र भें आगे फढाता है , मह फताते
हुए कक आज ऩहरे से अचधक फच्चे स्कूर जा यहे हैं, रेककन ऩहरे से अचधक फच्चे स्कूर से फाहय बी हैं।
इससे paragraph की continuity फनी यहती है ।
B, A के फाद naturally आता है क्मोंकक मह फताता है कक high birth rate को इस ल्स्थतत के लरए blame
कयना ऩमािप्त नहीॊ है , औय मह ववचाय को थोडा औय स्ऩष्ट कयता है ।
C paragraph को conclude कयता है। मह reinforce कयता है कक mass illiteracy high birth rate का
कायण है , न कक इसका ऩरयणाभ। इससे paragraph का main idea logically ऩूया होता है ।
Explanation In English:
D introduces the main theme by showing a contrast between literate and illiterate people.
A follows as it provides a similar contrast, extending the idea to children’s education.
B logically fits next as it counters the argument by mentioning the birth rate is not solely
responsible.

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C concludes by reinforcing that illiteracy is the cause, not the result, of the high birth rate
13. A) Aware of any changes or developments and quick to react to them ककसी बी फदराव/ल्स्थतत
के प्रतत सतकि औय तेजी से प्रततकिमा दे ना
14. C) Alleviate (verb) – To make something less severe, to ease, to relieve. कम करना, शाांत करना
Synonym: Relieve (verb) – To reduce or remove pain or trouble, to make a problem less
severe. कम करना, राहत दे ना
 Swell (verb) – To increase in size or volume. सूजना, फढना
 Add (verb) – To join or combine something. जोडना, फढाना
 Intensify (verb) – To become stronger or more extreme. तीव्र कयना, फढाना
15. B) Timid (adjective) – Showing a lack of courage or confidence, easily frightened. डयऩोक,
सॊकोची
ANTONYM: Daring (adjective) – Adventurous or bold, willing to take risks, brave. साहसी
 Meek (adjective) – Quiet, gentle, and easily imposed on; submissive. ववनम्र
 Spooky (adjective) – Strange and frightening, eerie. डयावना
 Anxious (adjective) – Worried, uneasy, or nervous. चचॊततत
16. B)The biggest telecom company in India grabbed the contract
Passive Voice को Active Voice भें फदरते सभम, कताि (subject) वाक्म की शुरुआत भें आता है औय
किमा (verb) के साथ सीधा कामि कयता है। जैस—
े
(i) The contract was grabbed by the biggest telecom company in India.
To Be → was V³ → grabbed
Explanation: 'The biggest telecom company in India' को कताि (subject) के रूऩ भें यखा गमा औय
'grabbed' किमा (verb) के रूऩ भें प्रमोग ककमा गमा।
Explanation in English:
(B) ‘The biggest telecom company in India grabbed the contract’ will be used. While converting
Passive Voice into Active Voice, the subject appears at the beginning of the sentence and
directly performs the action. For example:
(i) The contract was grabbed by the biggest telecom company in India.
→ To Be → was → V³ → grabbed
17. C) The correct spelling of ‘decendent’ is ‘descendant’ which means “a person who is related to
someone and who lives after them” वॊशज
18. B) Who taught you grammar?
Passive Voice को Active Voice भें फदरते सभम, कताि (subject) वाक्म की शुरुआत भें आता है औय
interrogative sentences भें "by whom" का "who" भें ऩरयवतिन ककमा जाता है । जैस—
े

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(i) By whom was grammar taught to you?

To Be → was
V³ → taught
Active Voice → Who taught you grammar?
Note: "By whom" को "Who" से फदरा गमा औय "taught" किमा (verb) के रूऩ भें प्रमोग ककमा गमा।
Explanation in English:
While converting Passive Voice into Active Voice, the subject appears at the beginning of the
sentence and in interrogative sentences, "by whom" is changed to "who." For example:
(i) By whom was grammar taught to you?
→ To Be → was
→ V³ → taught
Note: "By whom" is changed to "Who" and "taught" is used as the verb.
19. A) Equivocal (adjective) – Open to more than one interpretation, uncertain, unclear, vague,
ambiguous. सॊहदग्ध
Synonym: Ambiguous (adjective) – Open to more than one interpretation, not having one
obvious meaning, unclear. अस्ऩष्ट
 Balanced (adjective) – Keeping or showing a balance; arranged in good proportions.
सॊतुलरत
 Clear (adjective) – Easy to understand; unambiguous. स्ऩष्ट
 Representative (adjective) – Typical of a class, group, or body of opinion. प्रतततनचध
20. C) The correct spelling is ‘Entrepreneurship’ which means “the activity of setting up a business
or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit” व्मवसाम मा उद्मलभता का कामि।
21. B) 'At' का use होगा क्मोंकक मह स्थान मा ल्स्थतत को दशािने के लरए प्रमोग ककमा जाता है । महाॉ context
भें "Global Wildlife Programme conference" के स्थान ऩय मोजना को प्रस्तत
ु कयने का उलरेख है ,
इसलरए 'at' का प्रमोग उऩमक्
ु त है। जफकक 'for' का अथि है 'के लरए', 'to' का अथि है 'की ओय', औय 'in' का
अथि है 'के अॊदय', जो इस सॊदबि भें सही नहीॊ हैं।
'At' will be used because it denotes a specific place or event. In the context, the sentence
mentions the location where the National Wildlife Action Plan was unveiled, which is the
"Global Wildlife Programme conference." Hence, 'at' fits best here. On the other hand, 'for'
means 'for the purpose of,' 'to' indicates 'towards,' and 'in' means 'inside,' which don't fit the
context correctly.
22. C) 'And' का use होगा क्मोंकक "and" का अथि है दो मा दो से अचधक तत्वों को जोडना। महाॉ, sentence भें
"The plan recognises and addresses concerns" का use है , जो दो किमाओॊ 'recognises' औय
'addresses' को जोड यहा है। इसलरए, 'and' सही है । जफकक 'in' का अथि है 'के अॊदय', 'to' का अथि है 'की
ओय', औय 'for' का अथि है 'के लरए', जो इस context भें सही नहीॊ हैं।

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'And' will be used because it means to connect two or more elements. In the sentence, "The
plan recognises and addresses concerns," 'and' is used to join two verbs: 'recognises' and
'addresses,' making it correct here. Whereas 'in' means 'inside,' 'to' means 'towards,' and 'for'
means 'for a purpose,' which don't fit in this context.
23. D) Human' का use होगा क्मोंकक "human" का अथि है भानव जातत, औय passage भें ecosystems के
भहत्व को "human survival and sustainable development" के सॊदबि भें फतामा गमा है । मह फताता है
कक ऩारयल्स्थततकी तॊत्र भानव जीवन के अल्स्तत्व औय ववकास के लरए आवश्मक हैं। जफकक 'breed' का
अथि है प्रजातत का सभूह, 'species' का अथि है जीवों का वगि, औय 'group' का अथि है सभूह, मे सबी इस
context भें सही नहीॊ हैं।
'Human' will be used because it refers to humanity, and the passage discusses the importance
of ecosystems for "human survival and sustainable development." This highlights that
ecosystems are essential for human existence and growth. Whereas, 'breed' means a group of
animals within a species, 'species' refers to a class of organisms, and 'group' means a
collection, which don't fit in this context.
24. D) 'Diversity' का use होगा क्मोंकक "diversity" का अथि है ववववधता, औय मह ऩमािवयण औय जैववक
प्रजाततमों की ववववधता को सॊदलबित कयता है, जो इस context भें सही है । इस sentence भें ecosystems
औय species के सॊयऺण की फात की जा यही है , इसलरए 'diversity' महाॉ सही है । जफकक 'Conflict' का अथि
है सॊघषि, 'Rejection' का अथि है अस्वीकृतत, औय 'Focus' का अथि है ध्मान केंहित कयना, जो इस context
भें उचचत नहीॊ है ।
'Diversity' will be used because it refers to variety, especially in the context of biological
species and ecosystems, which is fitting here. The sentence discusses conservation of
ecosystems and species, making 'diversity' appropriate. Whereas, 'Conflict' means struggle,
'Rejection' means refusal, and 'Focus' means concentration, which are not suitable in this
context.
25. A) 'Including' का अथि है "शालभर कयना"। sentence भें mention है कक मोजना ववलबन्न ऩारयल्स्थततकी
तॊत्रों (inland aquatic, coastal and marine ecosystems) भें सॊकटग्रस्त वन्मजीव प्रजाततमों के ऩुनवािस
को ये खाॊककत कयती है, जो इन ऩारयल्स्थततकी तॊत्रों के सॊयऺण को बी शालभर कयती है । इसलरए,
'including' महाॉ सफसे appropriate option है जफकक 'mixing' का अथि है "लभराना", 'gathering' का अथि
है "इकट्ठा कयना", औय 'counting' का अथि है "चगनती कयना", जो इस सॊदबि भें उऩमक्
ु त नहीॊ हैं।
 'Including' means "to contain or comprise as part of the whole." The sentence mentions
that the plan highlights the rehabilitation of threatened wildlife species while conserving
their habitats in various ecosystems, thus 'including' is the most appropriate choice here.
On the other hand, 'mixing' means "to combine," 'gathering' means "to collect," and
'counting' means "to enumerate," which do not fit the context of the sentence.

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