Microprocessor-based automatic door opener

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

KARTIK MITTAL [Reg No.RA2211003011230]

REETAM KOLE [Reg No.RA2211003011231]

for the course 21CSS201T Computer Organization and

Architecture

Under the Guidance of

Dr. G.K. Sandhia

Assistant Professor, Department of Computing Technologies

In partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KATTANKULATHUR - 603203

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 SRM INSTITUTION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KATTANKULATHUR-603203

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that the 21CSS201T Computer Organization and Architecture course project report
titled “Microprocessor-based automatic door opener” is the Bonafede work done by
KARTIK MITTAL[RA2211003011230], REETAM KOLE[RA2211003011231] who
carried out under my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the
work reported herein does not form part of any other work.

Dr. G.K. Sandhia Dr. M. Pushpalatha,

Faculty In-Charge, Professor and Head,
Assistant Professor, Department of Computing Technologies,
Department of Computing Technologies, SRMIST.
SRMIST.

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 Microprocessor-based automatic door opener

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of a microprocessor-based automatic door opener is to implement a computer

architecture that uses sensors and actuators to autonomously control door movements. This
involves input from various sensors, processing within the microprocessor to analyze data,
decision-making based on predefined algorithms, and output signals to actuators for door
operation. The system must be reliable, responsive, and secure, adhering to hardware and
software standards for robust performance. Integration with other building systems, energy
efficiency considerations, and remote-control options are key architectural components to
achieve a functional automatic door opener.

ABSTRACT:

This project presents the design and implementation of a microprocessor-based

automatic door opener system. The system utilizes a combination of sensors,
microcontrollers, and actuators to enable the automatic opening and closing of
doors, enhancing convenience, accessibility, and energy efficiency. The
architecture incorporates safety features, security measures, and remote-control
capabilities. The system's adaptability, compliance with regulations, and user-
friendliness make it a valuable addition to building automation. This project
demonstrates the successful fusion of computer architecture and automation
technology to create a smart, responsive, and user-centric solution for automatic
door operation.

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INTRODUCTION:

Automatic door openers have become an integral part of modern buildings, offering
convenience, accessibility, and enhanced energy efficiency. This project focuses on the
design and implementation of a microprocessor-based automatic door opener system. Such
systems have evolved from simple mechanical setups to sophisticated computer-based
solutions, offering advanced features such as security, safety, and remote control.

The primary objective of this project is to create a reliable and intelligent door-opening
system that utilizes microprocessors and sensors to detect user presence and control door
movements accordingly. This system not only enhances accessibility but also contributes to
energy conservation by minimizing the duration doors remain open.

In this project, we explore the hardware and software architecture, sensor technologies, and
microcontroller programming required to achieve these objectives. Additionally, we address
key considerations like security, safety, and compliance with regulations, making the system
suitable for a variety of applications, from commercial buildings to residential spaces.

Through the integration of computer architecture and automation technology, this project
aims to demonstrate a smart and user-friendly solution for automatic door operation. It
presents a practical example of how advanced electronics can enhance everyday experience,
providing benefits in terms of both convenience and energy efficiency.

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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Microcontroller: A suitable microprocessor or microcontroller (e.g., Arduino,

Raspberry Pi) to control the automatic door operation.
 Sensors: Proximity sensors (e.g., infrared, ultrasonic) to detect user presence and
obstructions in the door's path.
 Actuators: Electric or pneumatic actuators for physically opening and closing the
door.
 Power Supply: An appropriate power source to supply energy to the system.
 Interface Components: Buttons, keycard readers, or biometric devices for user
interaction and authentication.
 Communication Modules: Optional modules for remote control and monitoring (e.g.,
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth).
 Safety Features: Emergency stop buttons, safety sensors, and backup power sources
for fail-safe operation.
 Mechanical Hardware: Door hardware compatible with the chosen actuators for
automated movement.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Programming Environment: Software development environment compatible with the

selected microcontroller (e.g., Arduino IDE, Python for Raspberry Pi).
 Firmware: Develop firmware to control the microcontroller's behavior, including
sensor data processing and actuator control.
 User Interface: If applicable, software for configuring system parameters, such as
door opening and closing speed, hold-open time, and sensor sensitivity.
 Remote Control and Monitoring: Software for remote control and monitoring of the
system's status and activity, which can be accessed via smartphones or computers.
 Security and Authentication: Implement security features, such as encryption and
authentication protocols if integrated with remote control and user access systems.
 Compliance Software: Tools or software for ensuring compliance with accessibility
and safety regulations, if applicable.

Integration of hardware and software components is critical to achieving the system's

objectives. This combination of components allows for intelligent and automated door
operation, considering user presence, safety, and energy efficiency while providing ease of
use and security.

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CONCEPTS/WORKING PRINCIPLE

The microprocessor-based automatic door opener operates on the principles of sensing user
presence, processing data, and controlling door movement. Here's how it works:

 User Presence Detection: Proximity sensors, such as infrared or ultrasonic sensors,

continuously monitor the area in front of the door. When a user approaches the door,
these sensors detect their presence.

 Data Processing: The sensor data is sent to the microcontroller, which processes the
information. The microcontroller uses predefined algorithms to determine whether the
door should be opened, closed, or remain stationary.

 Decision-Making: Based on the processed data, the microcontroller makes decisions

regarding door operation. If a user is detected and the system is in "open" mode, it
activates the actuators to open the door. If the area is clear, it closes the door after a
specified delay.

 Safety Features: To ensure safety, the system may include additional sensors that
detect obstructions or users in the door's path. If an obstacle is detected, the door's
movement is halted, preventing accidents.

 Security and Authentication: To enhance security, the system can incorporate

authentication methods such as keycard readers, biometrics, or remote smartphone
apps. Only authorized users can access the door.

 Energy Efficiency: The system minimizes energy waste by closing the door promptly
after the user enters or exits. This is especially important for climate-controlled
environments.

 Customization: Users or administrators can customize system parameters like door

opening and closing speed, hold-open time, and sensor sensitivity to suit specific
requirements.

 Remote Control and Monitoring: For added convenience and security, the system may
allow remote control and monitoring via smartphones or computers. This feature is
useful for building management and security personnel.

 Compliance: The system is designed to comply with relevant regulations and

standards, ensuring accessibility for all users, including those with disabilities.

By combining sensor data processing with intelligent decision-making, this automatic door
opener system provides a seamless and efficient experience for users. It enhances
accessibility, safety, and energy efficiency while allowing for customization and remote
control.

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APPROACH/METHODOLOGY/PROGRAMS:

#define sensorPin A0 // choose the input pin (for PIR sensor)

#define G_led 8 // choose the pin for the Green Led

#define R_led 9 // choose the pin for the Red Led

#define in1 2
#define in2 3

int set_timer=5;

int sensor =0;

int seconds =0;
int flag=0;
long delay_Start;

void setup(){ // put your setup code here, to run once

Serial.begin(9600);// initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:

pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); // declare sensor as input

pinMode(R_led,OUTPUT); // declare Red LED as output

pinMode(G_led,OUTPUT); // declare Green LED as output

pinMode(in1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(in2,OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(in1, LOW); // Door Open

digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);// Door Close
delay(2000); // Waiting for a while
digitalWrite(in1, LOW); // Door Open
digitalWrite(in2, LOW); // Door Close
}

void loop(){
sensor = digitalRead(sensorPin);

if(sensor==1){ // pin state change: 0 -> 1

Serial.println("Motion detected!");
digitalWrite(R_led, HIGH); // LED Turn On
digitalWrite(G_led, HIGH); // LED Turn On

if(flag==0){
digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);// Door Open
digitalWrite(in2, LOW); // Door Close

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delay(2000); // Waiting for a while
digitalWrite(in1, LOW); // Door Open
digitalWrite(in2, LOW); // Door Close
}

seconds=0;
flag=1;
delay_Start = millis(); // set start time
}else{ // pin state change: 1 -> 0
Serial.println("Motion stopped!");
digitalWrite(G_led, LOW); // LED Turn Off.
}

if((flag==1) && (millis()- delay_Start) > 999){

seconds = seconds+1;
delay_Start = millis(); // set start time
}

if(seconds>set_timer){
digitalWrite(R_led, LOW); // LED Turn Off.

digitalWrite(in1, LOW); // Door Open

digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);// Door Close
delay(2000); // Waiting for a while
digitalWrite(in1, LOW); // Door Open
digitalWrite(in2, LOW); // Door Close
flag=0;
seconds=0;
}

delay(100);
}

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FLOWCHART:

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OUTPUT:

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CONCLUSIONS:

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The development and implementation of a microprocessor-based automatic door opener have
demonstrated the successful integration of computer architecture and automation technology
to create a smart and user-centric solution. The key takeaways from this project are as
follows:

 Enhanced Convenience and Accessibility: The automatic door opener significantly

improves convenience and accessibility for users, allowing them to enter and exit
buildings without manual door operation. This is especially important for individuals
with mobility challenges and during situations that require hands-free operation.

 Energy Efficiency: The system's ability to minimize the time doors remain open
contributes to energy efficiency in climate-controlled environments, reducing energy
consumption and associated costs.

 Safety and Security: By incorporating safety features and, if required, security

measures, the system ensures the safety of users and prevents unauthorized access. It
responds to obstacles and can authenticate users, enhancing overall security.

 Customization and Remote Control: Users and administrators can customize system
parameters to suit specific needs, while the option for remote control and monitoring
provides added flexibility and convenience.

 Compliance with Regulations: The system is designed to comply with relevant

accessibility and safety regulations, making it suitable for a wide range of
applications, including commercial and public spaces.

 Smart Integration: The project demonstrates how sensor data processing and
intelligent decision-making can create a seamless and efficient experience for users.
Integration with various hardware and software components results in a cohesive and
responsive system.

In conclusion, the microprocessor-based automatic door opener showcases the successful

application of technology to enhance everyday experiences, making buildings more
accessible, secure, and energy-efficient. It serves as a testament to the capabilities of modern
automation and computer architecture in addressing real-world needs and challenges. As
technology continues to advance, such systems will play an increasingly important role in
creating safer, more accessible, and efficient environments.

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REFERENCES:

Websites:

 https://marobotic.com/2023/10/30/automatic-door-opening-system-using-arduino-and-pir-
sensor/

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_door

Textbooks/Papers:

 IEEE Standards and Regulations

 Books and Journals on Automation

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