NAME AND SURNAME.

:LIHLE MTSHAGI
STUDENT NUMBER. : 12162051
MODULE CODE. : DVA2602
UNIQUE CODE. : 579277
ASSIGNMENT NUMBER : 02
DUE DATE. : 11 September 2024

LIST OF TABLE CONTENTS

Cover page 1
Introduction page 2
Community development page 2
Example: Community Development in Kibera 5
Conclusion page 6
REFERENCE page 7
Declaration page 8
According to this viewpoint, a community is a collection of individuals who share a
common physical location and interact with one another in a number of ways. These
relationships can take many different forms, including political, social, cultural,
economic, and spiritual ones. There are two possible types of interactions: formal and
informal. Nonetheless, a group's physical proximity to one another does not
automatically engender a sense of unity among its constituents.
This type of community is typically founded on shared interests and experiences that
lead to particular kinds of communication. Common objectives or shared responsibilities
are typically linked to functional communities. They range from loosely organized online
communities, like Facebook groups with specific shared interests (like fantasy football
or exchanging music and rumors), to robust, legally-binding communities, like kinship
communities based on heritage with strong ties to their heritage/tribes and mutual
obligations. These communities' fundamental characteristic is that, regardless of where
they are physically located in relation to one another, their members are united by
shared goals. In academic writing, the term "community" is typically interpreted
differently. Think about these four categories of communities, for instance:
•A collection of individuals who share a physical location or geographic area.
• The individuals that comprise a local social system; this group may be defined by
geography, but it also frequently possesses other unique characteristics; an ethnic
group is one example, particularly when it maintains its status as a close-knit
community.
• An organization or a functional group of individuals (a church community, for example,
is a group whose members share a common vision, values, or interest).
• A collection of individuals who come together to form a social movement with political
ideals

The definition of development, when reduced to the term "economic growth," is fairly
narrow because it is mainly concerned with increasing national income through high
productivity, economic specialization, and competitive advantage in order to maximize
profits, achieve a high gross national product (GNP), achieve high employment, or even
lower unemployment to the lowest levels feasible. On the other hand, "development"
refers to both individual growth and structural communal transformation. Development
addresses issues such as whether increasing employment has improved the standard
of living for residents in a community in terms of the type of jobs available (from low-
skill, low-wage to high-skill, high-wage jobs, or from part-time to full-time or permanent
positions) and whether rising incomes reflect the wealth disparity in a community or
have they maintained the privileged positions of a select few.
Sen (1999) contends that the five freedoms of development are social chances,
economic facilities, political freedoms, guarantees of transparency, and protective
security.
One of the earliest organized collective action programs for bringing about social
change in communities, building communities, and cooperatively promoting the well-
being of community members through various forms of intervention is community
development. The history of community development remains a topic of continuous
discussion, nevertheless.

Alderman Jamie Mathy of Bloomington, Illinois responded, "Anything dealing with peopl
e working together to make our community better, whether those are social or economic
needs," to the question of what constitutes community development. The intention is to
strengthen the community as a whole
Community development is crucial because it offers the base upon which a city may
raise the standard of living for its people. It builds resilient, varied communities that can
launch and expand enterprises, draw in and retain people, and resolve problems as
they come up. People will live longer, be happier, healthier, and have more wealth.
Companies will be able to sell to a wider range of consumers, and the city will be able to
collect taxes to pay down debt and maintain vital programs.
Effective community development results in fewer crimes, less inequality among the
populace, better jobs being offered, a more skilled labor force, and fewer problems that
affect inhabitants as a whole. While community development lessens issues and boosts
growth prospects, it does not always provide a solution to urban challenges. Business
and economic development suffer tremendously in the absence of community
development.
The most crucial idea is to actively include the community in the process of community
development in order to raise ambitions, confidence, skills, and leadership potential.
Our job is to assist community members in comprehending the psychological, social,
political, economic, and environmental effects of potential solutions (Michigan State
University).
Human rights values ought to be the main emphasis of the community project. The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights must be embraced by the community and
professionals in their work. "Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of
person," "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms without distinction of any
kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or
social origin, property, birth or other status," and "All human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights" are the first three articles of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights.
The well-being and standard of living should be the main priorities of community
development. The effort might concentrate on social, physical, or economic
development. All of these elements might be the focus of a multiyear project. But when
the community moves forward little by little, the effort has the greatest chance of
success.
Our work as transformative community workers needs to be informed by social justice
values, particularly those related to equity and inclusion. In their work with the
community, community workers critically investigate the underlying causes of poverty,
marginalization, and exclusion. Thus, community practitioners assist marginalized
individuals of the community and provide them with resources, information, and skills to
enable them to take charge of their own lives.
Initiatives for community development must take the present and future into account.
The International Institute for Sustainable Development states that sustainable
development satisfies current demands without endangering the capacity of future
generations to satiate their own needs. According to Roseland (2012), in order to
enhance human well-being and safeguard the environment, sustainable development
necessitates a significant shift in the economic and social spheres.
The ultimate objective of community work is to empower and strengthen the community
so that its members can take charge of their resources and use them to exert influence.
Self-determination should be encouraged in community development practices so that
individuals and groups have the freedom to make their own decisions.

Example: Community Development in Kibera, Nairobi

Within a region little larger than Central Park in New York, over a quarter of a million
people call this neighborhood of Nairobi home. The majority of citizens cannot afford to
use the essential civic services. Many people also lack access to clean water, sanitary
conditions, healthcare, and reliable electricity.Even while certain places are seeing
improvements in living circumstances, there has been criticism surrounding
development initiatives. In fast-growing areas like Kibera, citizens frequently lack a
voice in development decisions.
Through the Kibera Public Space Project, a network of community-managed public
spaces that lower flood risk while granting access to essential services and generating
new business opportunities, Kounkuey Design Initiative (KDI) is enhancing the quality of
life in one of the largest informal settlements in the world. Every area that KDI develops
is tailored to the unique requirements of the locals and includes community buildings,
areas for small companies and leisure, restrooms, and laundry facilities in addition to
sustainable drainage infrastructure and river remediation.
Engaging Methodology It entails including members of the community in problem
identification, priority setting, and solution implementation. Every member of the
community has their wants and viewpoints taken into account thanks to this
participatory method.
In collaboration with local partners, the group has constructed ten more public areas
since the 2010 opening of the first KDI site. Flexibility and resilience are facilitated by
the project's extensive network of community leadership and expertise. For instance,
the town had to virtually completely demolish one fully constructed and functional site in
order to make room for the installation of a new municipal sewer line in 2015.
Nonetheless, two more community-based organizations in Kibera now have formal
sewage access thanks to negotiations that allowed them to connect the line to their KDI
sites. The Ngong River is one of the main sources of pollution in Nairobi's watershed.
These connections and the toilet blocks placed in other locations minimize the amount
of sewage that enters the river.
Sustainability Intensities Efforts were undertaken to develop a sense of ownership
among locals and establish local capability in order to ensure long-term sustainability.
For example, community members were invited to participate in decision-making
processes, and local maintenance teams were taught to manage new infrastructure.
Economic Empowerment: The foundation has helped to reduce poverty and promote
economic empowerment in Kibera by offering microfinance options and supporting
entrepreneurship activities. Advocacy and Awareness: In order to address social
challenges and encourage community development in Kibera, the organization has also
focused on advocacy and awareness projects. The multidimensional approach of the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has made a considerable contribution to the overall
growth and well-being of the Kibera community, highlighting the significant role that non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) can play in assisting community development.
Better Roads, New Schools, and Better Sanitation Facilities were the Results of the
Development Projects. Financial Empowerment Local economic activity was stimulated
and job possibilities were created through training and support for small enterprises.
Improved Unity Among Social Groups Residents' sense of community and cooperation
were enhanced by their active participation in development projects.

In conclusion
Kibera needs assistance; however, despite the numerous ways individuals can lend a
hand, the vast majority do not. This is despite the fact that the residents of Kenya’s most
notorious slum suffer from insufficient food and water, rampant diseases, and few or no
educational opportunities. The people of Kibera are primarily concerned with
maintaining their lives. Because they do not have the means to establish a better life,
they desperately need assistance from other sources. It is essential to raise awareness
and dedicate resources toward helping such vulnerable populations.
The mobilization of community development in Kibera was achieved through a
participatory approach that prioritized collaboration, empowerment, and capacity
building. The endeavor yielded observable advancements in both infrastructure and
economic circumstances, so confirming the efficacy of community-driven development
programs.
REFERENCE
Abegunde, AA. 2009. The role of community based organisations in economic
development in Nigeria: the case of Oshogbo, Osun state, Nigeria. International
NGO Journal 4(5):236–252. Available at: http://www.academicjournals.org/
article/article1381230035_Abegunde.pdf (accessed on 12/06/2019).
(Chile 2007a:22–23).
(Chile 2007a:22).
Sen (1999)
 Declaration

I (full names): LIHLE MTSHAGI

………………………………………………………………………………………
Student number: 12162051. Module code: DVA2602
Declare that…
1. I understand what plagiarism entails and am aware of the University’s policy in
this
regard.
2. I declare that this assignment is my own, original work. Where I used someone
else’s
work, whether a printed source, the internet or any other source, I give the proper
acknowledgement and include a complete reference list.
3. I did not use another current or previous student’s work, submitting it as my
own.
4. I did not allow and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of
submitting
it as his or her own work.
Signature L. M. Date: 10 September 2024