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Subjunctive Study Guide-Spanish

The document provides a guide for conjugating verbs in the subjunctive mood in Spanish. It explains that the subjunctive mood expresses wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, or contrary to fact statements. It then outlines the basic steps to conjugate regular -ar, -er, -ir verbs in the subjunctive, as well as irregular verbs and stem-changing verbs. Special cases involving letter changes for certain verb endings are also covered.

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3K views

Subjunctive Study Guide-Spanish

The document provides a guide for conjugating verbs in the subjunctive mood in Spanish. It explains that the subjunctive mood expresses wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, or contrary to fact statements. It then outlines the basic steps to conjugate regular -ar, -er, -ir verbs in the subjunctive, as well as irregular verbs and stem-changing verbs. Special cases involving letter changes for certain verb endings are also covered.

Uploaded by

slugger92036848
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jimmy Silva Subjunctive Study Guide

The subjunctive is a mood, not a tense, and it shows how the speaker feels about
the action. The subjunctive mood itself is used in dependent clauses to express
wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, or statements that
are contrary to fact at present.

For most verbs, use these simple steps to form the subjunctive form of the verb:

1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative tense.


2. Then drop the -o ending.
3. Finally, add the following endings:

-ar verbs (hablar in example):


-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en
(yo) hable (nosotros)
-er and -ir verbs hablemos
(comer in example): (tú) hables (vosotros) habléis
-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, (él/ella/ud.) Hable (ellos/uds.)
-an hablen

(yo) coma (nosotros)


comamos
(tú) comas (vosotros) comáis
(él/ella/ud.) coma (ellos/uds.) coman

The same 3 steps above work for verbs with irregular yo-forms. Here is an example
with the verb tener:

(yo) tenga (nosotros)


tengamos
(tú) tengas (vosotros) tengáis
(él/ella/ud.) tenga (ellos/uds.) tengan

The same 3 steps above also work for –er and –ar stem changing verbs, but there is
no stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Here are two examples with the
verbs pensar and contar:

(yo) piense (nos.) pensemos

(tú) pienses (vos.) penséis

(ud.) piense (uds.) piensen


(yo) cuente (nosotros) contemos
(tú) cuentes (vosotros) contéis
(ud.) cuente (uds.) cuenten

Continued on Back Side->

For -ir stem-changing verbs, the same 3 steps apply except that the stem change in
the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u;
e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i. Here are 3 examples using the
verbs dormir (o>ue), sentir (e>ie), and pedir (e>i).

(yo) duerma (nos.)


durmamos
(tú) duermas (vos.) durmáis

(ud.) duerma (uds.) duerman

(yo) sienta (nos.) sintamos


(tú) sientas (vos.) sintáis
(ud.) sienta (uds.) sientan

(yo) pida (nos.) pidamos


(tú) pidas (vos.) pidáis
(ud.) pida (uds.) pidan

For verbs with the ending -zar, the z changes to a c only when it comes before an
“e”. Here is an example with the verb empezar:

(yo) empiece (nos.)


empecemos
(tú) empieces (vos.) empecéis
(ud.) empiece (uds.) empiecen
For verbs with the ending -car, c changes to qu when it comes before the letter e.
Here is an example with the verb tocar:
(yo) toque (nos.) toquemos
(tú) toques (vos.) toquéis
(ud.) toque (uds.) toquen

For verbs ending in -gar, the g changes to a gu. Here is an example with the word
pagar:

(yo) pague (nos.)


paguemos
(tú) pagues (vos.) paguéis
(ud.) pague (uds.) paguen

Continued on Next Page->

There are some irregular verbs, such as ir, dar, estar, ser, and saber. Their
conjugations are below:

ir dar

(yo) vaya (nos.) vayamos

(tú) vayas (vos.) vayáis

(ud.) vaya (uds.) vayan

(yo) dé (nos.) demos


(tú) des (vos.) déis
(ud.) dé (uds.) den

estar ser

(yo) esté (nos.) estemos

(tú) estés (vos.) estéis

(ud.) esté (uds.) estén


(yo) sea (nos.) seamos
(tú) seas (vos.) seáis
(ud.) sea (uds.) sean

saber

(yo) sepa (nos.) sepamos


(tú) sepas (vos.) sepáis
(ud.) sepa (uds.) sepan

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