HSPTA MALAPPURAM

PHYSOL-3(Plus One)The solution for learning Physics

Question Bank
Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion
Each question scores One
1 The time rate of change of angular momentum is called....
Ans: Torque.
2 Radius of gyration of a disc rotating about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to
the disc
R
Ans:
√2
3 In pure rotation all particles in a body have the same.......
Ans: Angular velocity.
4 Relation between linear velocity and angular velocity is....
Ans: ω ×R
5 Moment of linear momentum is called.....
Ans: Angular momentum.
6 Moment of force is.........
Ans: Torque.
7 A ring and a disc of same radius are allowed to roll from same height over an inclined plane.
Which one will reach the ground first?
Ans: Disc.
8 The relation between linear acceleration and angular acceleration is......
Ans: a=rα
9 The product of moment of inertia of a body and its angular velocity will give......
Ans: Angular momentum.
10 Unit of angular momentum is.....
Ans: kgm2/s.
11 Unit of torque is....
Ans: Nm or Joule.
12 Unit of Moment of inertia is......
Ans: kgm2
13 Dimensional Formula of Angular momentum is....
Ans: [ML2T-1]
14 Dimensional Formula of Torque is....
Ans: [ML2T-2]
15 Is Angular momentum a scalar or vector?
Ans: Vector. (Axial vector).
16 Angular momentum has the same dimensional formula as that of.......
Ans: Plank's constant.

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17 Work and......... has the same dimensional formula.
Ans: Torque.
18 The quantity MK2 is called......
Ans: Moment of Inertia
19 If external torque acting on a system is zero, which physical quantity is conserved?
(linear momentum /Angular momentum)
Ans: Angular momentum
20 What are the rotational equivalents for the physical quantity force?
Ans: Torque
21 Write equation connecting torque and force
⃗
Ans: ⃗τ =⃗r X F
22 Write equation connecting angular momentum linier momentum
Ans: ⃗L=⃗r X P
⃗
23 The rotational analogue of force is------------------
Ans: Torque.
24 In pure rotational motion every particle of the body has the same angular velocity at any instant of time.
State whether this statement is True or False.
Ans: True
25 The rotational analogue of mass is called............
Ans: Moment of inertia.
26 If M is the mass and R is the radius of the sphere, write an equation for the moment of inertia of the
sphere about a diameter.
2 MR2
Ans: I sphere =
5
27 In translatory motion, angular momentum.........
i) is always zero
ii) is always greater than one
iii) may be present
iv) is always infinite
Ans: (iii) may be present.
28 The demonstration of conservation of angular momentum
is schematically shown in the figures. Identify the figure
which has more angular velocity.

Ans: Figure 2
29 The angular momentum of a particle is the rotational analogue of its -----------------
Ans: linear momentum.
30 The equation connecting angular momentum and linear momentum are ...............
Ans: ⃗l =⃗r x ⃗
P
31 The moment of inertia of a circular disc about an axis perpendicular to the plane, at the center is
given by .......................
2
MR
Ans: I disc =
2
32 Classical dancers bring their hands closer to their body to rotate faster. Name the principle
employed by them.

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 Ans: Law of conservation of angular momentum.
33 Two identical concentric rings each of mass M and radius R are placed perpendicular to each other.
What is the moment of inertia about an axis passing through the centre of mass of this system?
i) 3/2 MR2
ii) 2 MR2
iii) 3 MR2
iv) 1⁄4 MR2
Ans: i) 3/2 MR2
34 A solid sphere is rotating about a diameter at an angular velocity ω. If it cools so that the radius
reduces to 1/n of its original value, its angular velocity becomes......
(i) ω/n ii) ω/n 2 iii) nω iv) n 2 ω
2
Ans: n ω
35 Moment of inertia of a disc along the diameter is.......
Ans: MR2/4
36 The inability to stop rotational motion is called.........
Ans: Moment of inertia
37 Why spokes are provided in bicycle wheel?
Ans: This increases moment of inertia even when the mass is small. This ensures uniform speed.
38 A ballet dancer, an acrobat and an ice skater make use of an important principle in physics. Which
is that principle?
Ans: Conservation of angular momentum.
39 A cat is able to land on her feet after a fall. Which principle of physics is being used by her?
Ans: Principle of conservation of angular momentum.
40 A body is rotating in steady rate. What is torque acting on the body?
Ans: Zero. Torque is required only for producing angular acceleration.
41 Is radius of gyration of a body constant quantity?
Ans: No. It changes with change in position of the axis of rotation.
42 If two masses are equal, where does their centre of mass lie?
Ans: Midway between the two masses

43 Name the constant whose dimensions are same as that of angular momentum.
Ans: Planck’s constant

44 Does the radius of gyration depend upon the speed of rotation of the body?
Ans: No

45 Work done by centrifugal force is.....

Ans: zero

46 If most of the mass is concentrated on the rim, what will be the radius of gyration of the wheel
about the axis passing through centre of gravity and perpendicular to the plane?
Ans: It will be equal to the radius of the wheel
47 If angular momentum is conserved in a system whose moment of inertia is decreased, its rotational
Kinetic energy will be
Ans: Not conserved

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48 Fly wheels are used in machines. Why?
Ans: To store rotational kinetic energy.
Each question scores Two
1 The possibility of falling backward with the ladder is more when you are high up on the ladder than
when you just begin to climb. Explain why? {NB:-Ladder is placed vertically near a wall}
Ans: torque increases. As we climb up, torque with respect to lower edge of the ladder increases
which may turn the ladder backwards.
2 Write an expression for the moment of inertia of the sphere about its axis passing through the
centre. What is its radius of gyration?
2
Ans: Moment of inertia of sphere I = M R2
5
2
M K2 = M R 2
5
=> K=
√
2
5
R

3 Moment of inertia can be regarded as a measure of rotational inertia. Why?

Write any two factors on which the moment of inertia of a rigid body depends.
Ans: Moment of inertia resists any change in the rotational motion of the body. So it is called
rotational inertia. (Note: Inertia means “resistance to change”)
4 The moments of inertia of two rotating bodies A and B are IA and IB (IA > IB) and their angular
Momentum are equal. Which one has a greater kinetic energy? Explain.
2 2
L2 L L
Ans: We have K.E = K.EA = and K.EB = . Since IA > IB K.EA < K.EB
2I 2I A 2IB
5 Remya stands at the centre of a turntable with her two arms outstretched. The table with an angular
speed of 40 revolutions / minute.
a) What will happen to the moment of inertia if she folds her hands back?
b) If the angular speed is increased to 100 revolutions / minute, what will be the new moment of
inertia?
Ans: a) Moment of inertia decreases.
b) We have according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, I1 ω1 = I2 ω2
I1 × 40 = I2 × 100 or I2 = I1 × 0.4 . Moment of inertia will be 0.4 times initial
value.
6 Explain Parallel axes theorem
Ans: Parallel axes theorem statement
2
I ' =I c + MR
7 Distinguish linear motion and Rotational motion
Ans:
linear motion: All particles in the system have same velocity.
Rotational motion: All particles in the system have same angular velocity
8 Derive the relation between torque and angular momentum
Ans:
Angular momentum ⃗L=⃗r × ⃗ P P=m×v
d⃗L d ⃗
⃗ )=⃗r × d P + d ⃗r × ⃗ d ⃗r ⃗
= (⃗r × P P Where × P=⃗v x m x ⃗v =0
dt dt dt dt dt
d⃗L ⃗ =τ (Torque)
=⃗r × F
dt
9 In the case of a ring, show that both the translational and rotational kinetic energy have the same
value.

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 1
Ans: Translational Kinetic energy, KE t= mv 2
2
1 2
Rotational kinetic energy, KE r= I ω
2
2 v
For a ring I =MR , ω=
R
2
1 v 1
Therefore KE r= MR 2 ( ) = Mv 2=KE t
2 R 2
That is both the translational and rotational kinetic energy have the same value.
10 A cord of negligible mass is wound round the rim of a fly wheel mounted on a horizontal axis as
shown in figure. Calculate the angular acceleration of the wheel if steady pull of 25 N is applied on
the cord.
MR 2
Moment of inertia of fly wheel about its axis I =
2
Ans: We have torque τ =I α =FR
2
MR
Therefore α =FR
2
MR
α =F
2
2F 2 x 25 −2
α= = =12.5 rad s
MR 20 x 20 x 10 −2

11 Find the moment of inertia of the ring about its diameter.

Ans: We have Iring =MR2 Iring
By Perpendicular axes theorem
Id + Id = MR2
2Id = MR2
MR2 Id
I d= Id
2
This is the Moment of inertia of a thin circular ring of
radius ‘R’ and mass ‘M’ about an axis passing through diameter.
12 What do you mean by the radius of gyration of a rolling body?
Ans: Radius of gyration is defined as the distance from the axis of rotation to a point where the total
mass of the body is supposed to be concentrated, so that the moment of inertia about the axis may
remain the same about the same axis of rotation
That is I=MK2
Therefore , Radius of gyration K=
I
M √
13 Fill in the blanks :
Body Axis Moment of inertia
Circular disc radius R Perpendicular to disc at centre --------------------------------------
Thin Circular ring radius R ------------------------------------ MR 2
2
Thin rod length L Perpendicular to rod, at mid- --------------------------------------
point
------------------------------------- Perpendicular to plane, at MR2
centre

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 Ans:
Body Axis Moment of inertia
Circular disc radius R Perpendicular to disc at MR 2
centre 2
Thin Circular ring About diameter MR 2
radius R 2
Thin rod length L Perpendicular to rod, at ML 2
mid-point 12
Circular ring of radius R Perpendicular to plane, MR2
at centre

14 The moment of inertia of a thin rod of mass M and length l about an axis perpendicular to the rod at
2
ML
its mid point is . Find the moment of inertia of the rod about an axis perpendicular to it and
12
passing through one end of the rod.
Ans:

Moment of inertia of a thin rod (scale) of length ‘L’ about an axis passing through mid point and
ML2
perpendicular is given by I rod =
12

By Parallel axis theorm,

L 2 ML2 ML2 ML2
I end=I rod + M ( ) = I end= + = I end=
2 12 4 3
This is the moment of inertia of the rod about an axis perpendicular to it and passing through one
end of the rod.
15 A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 rad. s -l . The radius of
the cylinder is 0.25 m. What is the magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis?
2
MR
Ans: Angular momentum L=I ω= ω
2
20 x 0.252
Therefore L= 100=62.5 Js
2
16 The figure shows two different spinning poses of a ballet dancer.
In which spinning pose does the ballet dancer have less angular
velocity? Justify your answer.
Ans:
Figure (a).
Angular momentum L =Iω is a constant .
Thus when she stretches his hands moment of inertia ‘I’
increases and hence angular velocity ‘ω’ decreases.

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17 Match the following:

Ans:
A B
Torque τ ⃗
⃗r x F
Angular momentum (L) Perpendicular to r and P
Rotational equilibrium Σ τ=0
Linear velocity ω
⃗ x ⃗r
18 State the theorem of parallel axes on a moment of inertia.
Ans: Theorem of parallel axes states that “The moment of inertia of a body about any axis is equal
to the sum of the moment of inertia of the body about a parallel axis passing through its centre of
mass and the product of its mass and the square of the distance between the two parallel axes”.
19 If the polar ice cap melts what will happen to the length of the day?
Ans: For earth, angular momentum is a constant(Lω=constant.ie no torque acts on the earth).When
the polar ice cap melts, the water thus formed will flow down to the equatorial region. The
accumulation of water in equatorial will increase the moment of inertia I of earth. In order to keep
the angular momentum as constant,ω will decrease. The decrease in ‘ω’ will increase the length of
the day
20 A girl has to lean towards right when carrying a bag in her left hand. Why?
Ans: When a girl carries her bag in her left hand, the centre of gravity of system will shift towards
left. In order to bring it in the middle, the girl has to lean towards right.
21 If the earth losses the atmosphere what will happen to the length of the day?
Ans: For earth, angular momentum is a constant(Lω=constant.ie no torque acts on the earth).When
earth losses the atmosphere, I decreases and ω increases to keep L as constant.Hence length of the
day decreases.
22 How does a circus acrobat and a diver take advantage of conservation of angular momentum?
Ans: The diver while leaving the spring board, is throwing himself in a rotational motion. When he

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 brings his hands and legs close, moment of inertia I decrease and ω increases. But before reaching
water he will stretch his hands and legs. Hence moment of inertia I increases and ω decreases. So
that he gets a smooth entry into the water.
23 Wheels of vehicles are in the from of rings rather than discs. Why?
Ans: Moment of inertia of ring is greater than that of a disc for the same massager the moment of
inertia greater the rotational motion. So the wheels are in the form of rings for vehicles.
24 Two satellites of equal masses, which can be considered as particles are orbiting the earth.
(a) Will their moments of inertia same or different?
(b)What will happen to moment of inertia when they are orbiting the earth with same heights?
Ans: A particle of mass ‘M’ revolving at a distance ‘r’ from the axis of rotation possesses moment
of inertia, I = Mr2
When the two satellites are of equal masses, I ∝r 2
i.e.,the moment of inertia of the satellite will be proportional to the square of the distance from the
centre of the earth. Hence in the first case, the two satellites have different moment of inertia and in
the second case, the two satellites have the same moment of inertia.
Each question scores Three
1 a) The rotational analogue of force is .........
b) The rotational analogue of mass is ............
Ans: a) Torque b) Moment of inertia
c) The turning effect of force is maximum when the angle between r⃗ and ⃗ f is……………….
0
Ans: 90
2 A wheel of mass 1000 kg and radius 1 m is rotating at the rate of 420 r.p.m. What is the constant
torque required to stop the wheel in 14 rotations, assuming the mass to be concentrated at the rim of
the wheel?
Ans: A wheel is a ring. For ring I = M R2 = 1000 x 12 = 1000 kg m2
420
Given initial frequency υi = 420 revolution per minute = = 7 revolution per second.
60
22
Initial angular velocity ωi = 2 π υi = 2 x x 7 = 44 rad/s
7
Final angular velocity ωi = 0
Total angular displacement before stopping θ = 14 x 2 π = 28 π rad
According to work energy theorem, the work done = the total change of kinetic energy

1
× 1000× (44 )2−0
2
That is, W = τ θ = ½ I ωf2 - ½ I ωi2 τ= = 11000 Nm
22
28 ×
7
3 A wheel starting from rest acquires an angular velocity of 10 rad/s in two seconds. The moment of
inertia of the wheel is 0.4 kg m2. Calculate the torque acting on it.
Ans: Given, ωi = 0 ωf = 10 rad/s t = 2 s I = 0.4 kg m2
ω −ωi 10−0
We have τ = I α = I × f = 0.4 × = 2 Nm
t 2
4 A solid cylinder of mass 20kg rotates about its axis with an angular speed of 100 rad s-1. The radius
of the cylinder is 0.25m. What is the magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its
axis?
Given, M = 20 kg, ω = 100 rad/s, R = 0.25 m
2 2
MR 20×(0.25)
We have L = I ω = ω = × 100m = 62.5 kg m2/s
2 2

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 5 Remya stands at the centre of a turntable with her two arms outstretched. The table with an angular
speed of 40 revolutions / minute.
a) What will happen to the moment of inertia if she folds her hands back?
b) If the angular speed is increased to 100 revolutions / minute, what will be the new moment of
inertia?
Ans: a) Moment of inertia increases.
b) We have according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, I1 ω1 = I2 ω2
I1 × 40 = I2 × 100 or I2 = I1 × 0.4 . Moment of inertia will be 0.4 times initial
value.
6 Moment of inertia of a uniform disc about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to
the plane is MR2/2
a) State Perpendicular axes theorem (1 score)
b) Derive the expression for moment of inertia of a uniform disc about an axis passing through
the diameter. (2 score)
Ans: a) Statement I z=I x + I y
b) I x =I y =I d

I z=2 I d
2
MR
Iz 2 MR
2
I d= I d= I d=
2 2 4
7 A girl rotates on a swivel chair as shown below.
a.)What happens to her angular speed when she stretches her arms?
b.) Name and state the conservation law applied for your
justification.
Ans: (a) Angular speed decreases.
(b) Conservation of Angular momentum.
If the total external torque on a system of particles is zero,
then the total angular momentum of the system is conserved.
8 The handle of a door is always found at one edge of the door which is located at a maximum
possible distance away from hinges.
(a)Give reason for it.
(b)In which direction will the torque act while the door opens inside the room?
(c) If the door handle is fixed at the middle of the door, what difference do you feel in the applied
force to open the door.
Ans:
(a) Torque τ = r F sinϴ
From the above equation it is clear that, we get maximum torque when the handle of the door is
located at a maximum possible distance(r) away from hinge.
(b)The direction of torque is always along the axis of rotation of door.
(c)If the door handle is fixed at the middle, more force must be applied to get maximum torque that
is required to open the door.
9 (a) Moment of inertia is also called rotational inertia.why?
(b) How will you distinguish a hard boiled egg from a raw egg by spinning each on the table.
Ans:
(a)Rotational inertia is measured in terms of moment of inertia. Hence moment of inertia is also
called rotational inertia.
(b) A raw egg has more moment of inertia than boiled egg. Hence raw egg spins more time than
boiled egg.

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10 A circular disc of mass 0.15kg and radius 0.1m makes 120 revolutions in one minute about its own
axis.Calculate its angular momentum.
Ans:
L=I ω
2 2
MR 0.15×0.1 120
= × 2πf = ×2π× = 94.2×10-4 kgm2S-1
2 2 60
11 A child sits stationary at one end of a long trolley moving uniformly with speed v on a smooth
horizontal floor. If the child gets up and runs about on the trolley in any manner, what is the effect
on the speed of the centre of mass of the (trolley+child)system?
Ans: The forces involved in the given problem are the internal forces of the system. No external
force acts on the system when the child runs. So, there will be no change in the speed v of the
centre of mass of the trolley-child system.
12 A solid sphere is rotating about a diameter at an angular velocity ω.If it cools so that its radius
1
reduces to of its original value, its angular velocity becomes....
n
Ans:
I1ω1 = I2ω2
2
2 2 2 R
mR × ω = m ( ) ωI
5 5 n

ω I = n2ω
13 A coin is rolling on a plane surface.What fraction of its total kinetic energy is rotational?
Ans:
1 2 1 2
Total Kinetic energy, TE = mv + Iω
2 2
mr2 v
But I = ,ω=
4 r
1 2 1 mr2 v2 1 2 1 2
TE = mv + = mv + mv
2 2 4 r 2
2 4
3 2 1 2
TE = mv , Rotational kinetic energy KE = mv
4 4
Rot . KE 1/ 2 mv2 1
= =
T .E 3 / 4 mv 2 3
14 A ring rolls down the inclined plane without slipping.Find the velocity of the ring when it reaches
the ground.
Ans:
When a ring of mass ‘m’ rolls down from a height h,the potential energy converts into translational
kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy.when body reaches the bottom,
1 1
mgh = K.E tran+K.E rot = mv2 + I ω2
2 2
v
But I = mr2 , and ω =
r
1 2 1 2 v 2 1 2 1 2
mgh = mv + mr × ( ) = mv + mv
2 2 r 2 2

mgh = mv2 , v= √gh

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Each question scores Four
1 We know that angular momentum is a quantity associated with rotation of a body.
a) Write down the dimensional formula of Angular momentum. (1score).
b) When polar ice melts what will happen to the duration of a day? (3 score)
Ans:
a) ML2T-1.
b)According to law of conservation of Angular momentum Iω = a constant.
I= MR2
When polar ice is in solid form r is small so I is small, then w will be large. When ice
melts r increases so I will increase and hence w will decrease. So when polar ice melts
rotation of earth become slow, so duration of a day will increase.
2 a)Write down the equation for Moment of inertia of a disc passing through its centre of mass
and perpendicular to the disc? (1 score)
b) Find the Moment of inertia of the disc tangential to the surface and parallel to the disc?
(3 score)
Ans:
a) MR2/2.
b) Moment of inertia of the disc through its diameter is = MR2/4.
According to parallel axes theorem.
I'=Icm+Ma2
I'= MR2/4 + MR2
I' = 5/4 MR2
3 a)In the absence of external torque........ Of an isolated system remains constant (1 score).
b) Why planets move faster at near region of sun and slower when they are far away?(3 score)
Ans: a) Angular momentum.
b) we know that when external torque is zero, Angular momentum remains constant.
Iw= a constant.
When planets are at near region of sun their r will be small. So I will be small. (I=MR2). So
their w will be large. When planets are at far regions, r is large, so I is large, then w will be
small. So planets are slow at far regions.
4 a) Can centre of mass of a body be a point outside the body?
b) Find moment of inertia of a disc of mass 9.5Kg having radius0.4m about an axis passing through
centre of mass and perpendicular to the surface? (2 score).
c) Find its moment of inertia about its diameter? (1 score)
Ans:
a) Yes, in the case of a ring.
b) I= MR2/2
I= 9.5×0.4×0.4/2
I= 0.76Kgm2
c) I'= 0.76/2
I'= 0.38Kgm2
5 State theorem of perpendicular axes on moment of inertia. Derive an expression to find the moment
of inertia of a disc about one of its diameters with the help of a neat diagram.
Ans: Theorem of Perpendicular axes states that “The moment of inertia of a planar body (lamina)
about an axis perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of its moments of inertia about two
perpendicular axes concurrent with perpendicular axis and lying in the plane of the body.”
Here IZ= IX +IY
Where IZ --> Moment of Inertia about Z-axis.
IX --> Moment of Inertia about X-axis.

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 IY --> Moment of Inertia about Y-axis.
Moment of inertia of a thin circular disc of radius ‘R’ and mass ‘M’ about an axis passing
through diameter:
MR 2
We have I disc =
2
By Perpendicular axes theorem
2
MR
I d + I d=
2
2
MR
2 I d=
2
MR2
I d=
4
This is the Moment of inertia of a thin circular disc of radius ‘R’ and mass ‘M’ about an axis
passing through diameter.
6 dl
(a)Show that τ=  for rotational motion.
dt
(b) State the law of conservation of angular momentum.
(c) Write an example for the motion in which angular momentum is conserved.
Ans: (a) We have ⃗l =⃗r x ⃗ P
⃗ ⃗
d l d (⃗r x P )
Therefore =
dt dt
d ⃗l d⃗P d ⃗r ⃗
=⃗r x + xP
dt dt dt
d ⃗l
=⃗r x ⃗
F +⃗v x( m⃗v )
dt
d ⃗l ⃗ = τ and ⃗v x ⃗
Therefore =⃗τ (Because ⃗r x F v =0 )
dt
Thus Torque is equal to the rate of change of angular momentum.
(b)Law of conservation of Angular momentum:
If the total external torque on a system of particles is zero, then the total angular momentum of
the system is conserved.
(c)Planetary motion.
7 In a hammer throw event, a solid sphere of mass 16kg is tied to a light 50cm long chain. A
sportsman gives to it a constant moment of 30 Nm for 10 seconds and then throws the sphere.
Consider the sphere as a point mass.
(a)Find the moment of inertia about the axis of rotation. (1)
dL
(b)If ‘L’is the angular momentum and ‘τ’ is the torque, show that τ = (2)
dt
(c) Write an example for the motion in which an angular momentum remains constant (1)
Ans:
(a)Moment of inertia I = mr2 = 16 × 0.5 = 8 Kgm2
(b) Angular momentum of a particle, ⃗l=⃗ r ×⃗p
when differentiate on both side, we get
⃗ d
dl ⃗dp ⃗dr
= (⃗r ×⃗ p) = r⃗× + ×⃗ p = ⃗r × ⃗f +⃗v ×⃗p = ⃗r × ⃗
f +⃗
v m×⃗ v
dt dt dt dt

⃗
dl
= r⃗× f⃗ where ⃗
v ×⃗
v =0
dt

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 ⃗
dl
=⃗τ ie the rate of change of angular momentum is the torque applied to it. This is similar to
dt
force equal to rate of change of linear momentum.
(c)Motion of earth around sun
8 Explain why friction is necessary to make the disc in roll in the direction indicated.
(a) Give the direction of the frictional force at B and the sense of frictional torque, before perfect
rolling begins. (1)
(b)What is the force of friction after perfect rolling begins? (1)
(c) A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 rads-1.The radius of
the cylinder is 0.25m. What is the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder? What
is the magnitude of the angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis? (2)
Ans:
Friction is necessary for rolling
(a)Frictional force at B opposes velocity of B.This frictional force provides frictional torque which
opposes the angular motion.
(b)Perfect rolling ensures the force of friction is zero
1 2 1
(c)Moment of inertia of the cylinder about its axis = mr = × 20 × (0.25)2 = 0.625kgm2
2 2
1 2 1
Rotational kinetic energy Erot = Iω = × 0.625 × (100)2 = 3125J
2 2
Angular momentum L = Iω = 0.625 × 100 = 62.5 Js
Each question scores Five
1 MR2
Moment of inertia about a diameter of a ring is I d=
2
a) Name the theorem that helps to find the moment of inertia about a tangent parallel to the
diameter.
b) Draw a diagram and find the moment of inertia about a tangent, parallel to the diameter of
the ring.
c) The rotational analogue of mass is .................
Ans: (a) Parallel axes theorem.
2
MR
(b)We have I diameter=
2
By Parallel axis theorem
2
I tangent =I diameter + MR

MR2 2 3 MR 2
I tangent = + MR =
2 2
(c) Moment of inertia.
2 The rotational analogue of force is moment of force, also called torque.
a) The turning effect of force is maximum when the angle between⃗ r and⃗F is.............
b) A wheel starting from rest acquires an angular velocity of 10 rad/s in two seconds. The
moment of inertia of the wheel is 0.4 kg m 2 . Calculate the torque acting on it.
c) The possibility of falling backward with the ladder is more when you are high up on the
ladder than
when you just begin to climb. Explain why.
Ans: (a) 900.
10
(b) Torque τ =I α =I ω τ =0.4 x =2 J
t 2

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 (c)When a person is high up on the ladder, than a large torque is produced due to his weight
about the point of contact between the ladder and the floor. Whereas when he starts
climbing up, the torque is small. Due to this reason, the ladder is more apt to slip, when one is
high up on it.

3 Moment of inertia is the analogue of mass in rotational motion. But unlike mass; it is not a fixed
quantity.
a) Moment of inertia can be regarded as a measure of rotational inertia. Why?
b) Write any two factors on which the moment of inertia of a rigid body depends.
c) The moments of inertia of two rotating bodies A and B are I A and I B (I A > I B ) and their
angular momentum are equal. Which one has a greater kinetic energy? Explain.
Ans: (a) The moment of interia about a given axis resists a change in its rotational motion.
Thus it can be regarded as a measure of rotational inertia of the body.
(b) (i)The mass of the body, (ii) Its shape and size;
L2
(c) We have KE=
2I
Here L, the angular momentum is a constant.
1
Therefore KE α
I
Given I A > I B Therefore KEB > KEA
4 In an experiment with a bicycle rim, keeping the ring in the vertical position with both the strings in
one hand, put the wheel in fast rotation (see fig). When string B is released,
the rim keeps rotating in a vertical plane and the plane of rotation turns
around the string A.
a) Mention the law that explains the above result.
b) Explain the practical example (shown in the fig) based on the
law mentioned in (a)
(c) How will you distinguish a hard-boiled egg and a raw egg by
spinning each on a table top?
(d)A solid cylinder of mass 20kg rotates about its axis with an
angular speed of 100 rad s -1 . The radius of the cylinder is 0.25m.
What is the magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about
its axis?
Ans:
(a) Law of conservation of angular momentum.
(b)Angular momentum L =Iω is a constant .
Thus when she stretches her hands moment of inertia ‘I’ increases and hence angular
velocity ‘ω’ decreases.
(c) To distinguish between a hard boiled egg and a raw egg, we spin each on a table top. The
egg which spins at a slower rate shall be a raw egg. This is because in a raw egg, liquid
matter inside tries to get away from the axis of rotation. Therefore, its moment of inertia I
increases and hence angular speed decreases. Whereas the hard boiled egg continues to
spin.
(d) Angular momentum L =Iω
MR2
L= ω
2
20 x 0.252
Therefore L= 100=62.5 Js
2
5 (a)The earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit. The closest approach of the earth with the
sun is called perihelion. When the earth approaches the perihelion, its speed increases. Explain the

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principle. (1)
(b)A body rolls over a horizontal, smooth surface without slipping with a translational kinetic
2
k
energy E. Show that the total kinetic energy of the body is E (1+ 2 ) ,Where k is the radius of
R
gyration and R is the radius of the body. Using the above relation find the total kinetic energy of a
circular disc.(2)
(c) A wheel of mass 1000kg and radius 1m is rotating at the rate of 420 r.p.m. What is the constant
torque required to stop the wheel in 14 rotations, assuming the mass to be concentrated at the rim of
the wheel? (2)
Ans:
(a)Law of conservation of angular momentum. Angular momentum of rotating earth is constant.ie
Iω = constant. When earth approaches the perihelion, moment of inertia(I) decreases. To conserve
the angular momentum ‘ω’ increases.
1 1 1 1
(b) i)Total Kinetic energy, TE = mv 2 + I ω2 = mv 2 + k 2 ω2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 2 1 2 V 1 2 1 2 k
= mv + k ( ) = mv + mv ×
2 2 R 2 2 R2
2 2
1 2 k k
= mv [1+ 2 ] ie, TE = E [1+ 2 ]
2 R R
ii)For circular disc I = MK2
2
mR R
I= , where K =
2 √2
2
K 1
here =
R
2
2
1 3
Total Kinetic Energy = E [1+ ] = E
2 2
420
(c)Initial angular velocity of wheel, ω1= 2πf = 2π×
60
ω1= 14π
Final angular velocity ω2 = 0
No.of rotations before coming to rest = 14
Angular displacement before coming to rest θ = 14 × 2π = 28π
We can find angular acceleration from the equation.
ω22 = ω21 - 2 𝛼 θ
2
0 = (14 π )2 - 2𝛼 28π
56π𝛼 = 196 π2
𝛼 = 10.99=11 rad/s
torque required to stop the wheel,
τ = I𝛼
τ = mr2 𝛼
τ = 1000×12×11= 11000Nm

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