MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model
answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to
assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance
(Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills).
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the
figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit
for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant
values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant
answer based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on
equivalent concept.
Marks
1. Attempt any TEN of the following : 20
(a) Write any two characteristics of procedure oriented programming.
(Any 2 characteristics, Each characteristic – 1 Mark)
Ans:
1. Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.
2. Programs are divided into objects.
3. Data structures are designed such that they characterize the objects.
4. Functions that operate on data of an object are tied together in the data structure.
5. Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions.
6. Objects communicate with each other through functions.
7. New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.
8. Follows bottom-up approach in program design.

Page 1 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

(b) Define class with it’s syntax.

(Class definition – 1 Mark, Syntax – 1 Mark)
Ans: Definition: a class is a way of binding data and its associated functions together.
Syntax:
classclass_name
{
private:
Variable declarations;
Function declarations;
public:
Variable declarations;
Function declarations;
};

(c) Write any two rules to define friend function.

(Any two rules, Each rule – 1 Mark)
Ans: Rules to define friend function:
1. It is not in the scope of the class to which it has been declared as friend.
2. As it is not in the scope of the class, it cannot be called using the object of that class.
3. It can be invoked like a normal function without the help of any object.
4. It cannot access the member names directly and has to use an object name and dot
membership operator with each member name.
5. It can be declared either in the public or the private part of a class without affecting its
meaning.
6. It has the objects as arguments.

(d) What is copy constructor?

(Define – 1 Mark, for any relevant point - 1 Mark)
Ans: Copy constructor is used to declare and initialize an object from another object.
Example: student s1 (10); - object s1 is created and initialized student s2 (s1);- copy constructor
is called and object s2 is initialized with values of object s1.

Page 2 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

(e) State different visibility modes used in inheritance.

(Three modes – 2 Marks)
Ans: There three visibility modes used in inheritance:
1. Private
2. Protected
3. Public

(f) What is pure virtual function?

(Define – 1 Mark, For any relevant point - 1 Mark)
Ans: A pure virtual function is a function declared in a base class that has no definition relative to the
base class.
Example: virtual void display () =0;

(g) Define polymorphism. List type of polymorphism.

(Definition – 1 Mark, Types – 1 Mark)
Ans: Polymorphism means one name, multiple forms. Same named functions behave differently
depending on type of data used in operation.
Types:-
1. Compile time polymorphism
2. Run time polymorphism

(h) What is the significance of scope resolution operator?

(Use of scope resolution operator – 2 Marks)
Ans: Scope resolution operator allows access to the global version of a variable, and also allows
facility to define member functions outside of a class.
It is represented with double colon (:: ).

(i) Define pointer variable. Give its syntax.

(Definition – 1 Mark, Syntax – 1 Mark)
Ans: A pointer is variable that stores memory address of another variable of similar data type.

Page 3 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

Syntax: - data_type * pointer_variable_name;

(j) Define a structure with it’s syntax.

(Definition – 1 Mark, Syntax – 1 Mark)

Ans: Structure is a collection of different data types written under a common name. It is a user defined
data type.
Syntax:-
structstructure_name
{
Data_type variable 1;
Data_type variable 2;

Data_type variable n;
};
(k) List any four object oriented languages.
(Each language – ½ Mark)
Ans: object oriented languages:
1. Simula
2. Smalltalk
3. C++
4. Ada
5. Java
6. C#

(l) Write any two characteristics of static member function.

(Any 2 characteristics, Each characteristic – 1 Mark)
Ans: Characteristics of static member function:

Page 4 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

1. A static member function can have access to only other static members declared in the same
class.
2. A static member function can be called using the class name:
Class_name::function_name;

(m)What is an abstract base class?

(Definition –2 Marks)
Ans: An abstract class is a class that is not used to create objects. It is designed only to act as a base
class.

(n) How do we invoke a constructor?

(Description with example – 2 Marks)
Ans: Constructor is invoked whenever an object of its associated class is created.
Example:
classabc
{
public:
abc()
{
}
};
void main()
{
abc a; //invokes constructor
}

Page 5 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

2. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

(a) Explain how memory is allocated to an object of a class with diagram.
(Description – 2 Marks, Diagram – 2 Marks)
Ans: Description:
Memory space for objects is allocated when they are declared. The member functions are created
and placed in the memory space only once when they are defined as a part of class specification.
Since all the objects belonging to that class use the same member functions, no separate space is
allocated for member functions when the objects are created. Only space for member variables is
allocated separately for each object.
Diagram:

(b) Write any four rules to define constructor in a class.

(Each rule – 1 Mark)
Ans: Rules to define constructor:
1. Constructors should be declared in the public section.
2. They are invoked automatically when the objects are created.
3. They do not have return type, not even void and therefore they cannot return values.
4. They can accept arguments.
5. They cannot be inherited, though a derived class can call the base class constructor.
6. They cannot be virtual.
7. One cannot refer to their addresses.
8. An object with a constructor cannot be used as a member of a union.
9. They make implicit calls to the operators new and delete when memory allocation is required.

Page 6 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

(c) Write a program to find reverse of a string using pointer to string.

(Correct logic – 2 Marks, Syntax – 2 Marks)
Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str1[10],*ptr;
int l=0;
cout<<"enter string:";
cin>>str1;
ptr=&str1[0];
while(*ptr!='\0')
{
l++;
ptr++;
}
while(l>0)
{
ptr--;
cout<<*ptr;
l--;
}
getch();
}

Page 7 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

(d) Difference between OOP and POP.

(Any four points are expected, Each point –1 Mark)

Ans:

Procedure oriented programming Object oriented programming

1.Focus is on procedure. 1. Focus is on data.

2.Large programs are divided into 2.Programs are divided into multiple
multiple functions. objects.

3.Data move openly around the system 3. Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by
from function to function. external functions.

4.Functions transform data from one form 4. Objects communicate with each other
to another by calling each other. through function.

5.Employs top-down approach in program 5. Employs bottom-up approach in program

design. design

6.Procedure oriented approach is used in 6. Object oriented approach is used in C++

C language. language.

(e) Write a program to overload binary ++ operator.

(Any relevant program shall be considered correct logic – 2 Marks, syntax - 2 Marks)

Ans: #include <iostream.h>

class temp
{
private:
int count;
public:
temp():count(5){ }
void operator ++() {
count=count+1;
}

Page 8 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

void Display() { cout<<"Count: "<<count; }

};
int main()
{
temp t;
++t; /* operator function void operator ++() is called */
t.Display();
return 0;
}
OR
#include <iostream.h>
class complex
{
float x;
float y;
public:
complex() { }
complex( float real, float imag)
{ x= real; y=imag; }
complex operator + (complex);
void display (void);
};
complexcomplex: : operator+ (complex c)
{
complex temp;
temp.x=x+c.x;
temp.y=y+c.y;
return(temp);
}
void complex : : dispalay (void)
{

Page 9 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

cout<< x<<” +j”<< y<<”\n”;

}
int main(0
{
complex c1,c2,c3;
c1=complex(2.5, 3.5);
c2=complex(1.6, 2.7);
c3=c1+c2;
cout<<”c1=”; c1.dispaly();
cout<<”c2=”; c2.dispaly();
cout<<”c3=”; c3.dispaly();
return 0;
}

(f) Write a program that illustrates multiple inheritance.

(Declaration of more than 1 class – 2 Marks, declaration of child class – 1 Mark, calling
functions with child class object – 1 Mark)
Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class A
{
protected:
int x;
public:
voidgetA()
{
cout<<"enter x";
cin>>x;
}
};
class B
{
protected:
int y;
public:
voidgetB()
{

Page 10 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

cout<<"enter y";
cin>>y;
}
};
class C:public A,public B
{
public:
void display()
{
cout<<"x="<<x;
cout<<"y="<<y;
}
};
void main()
{
C z;
clrscr();
z.getA();
z.getB();
z.display();
getch();
}

3. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

(a) Explain virtual base class in inheritance with suitable diagram.
(Description – 2 Marks, Diagram – 2 Marks)

Ans: Consider a situation where all three kinds of inheritance, namely, multilevel, multiple,
hierarchical inheritance, are involved. This illustrated in fig a. the child has two direct base classes
„parent1 & parent2 which themselves have a common base class “grandparent”. The child inherits
the traits of “grandparent” via two separate path .it can also inherit directly as shown by broken
line. The “grandparent” sometimes referred to as indirect base class.

Page 11 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

inheritance by the “child as shown in fig a might pose some problems. All the public & protected
members of “grandparent are inherited into “child” twice, first via “parent1& again via “parent
2.This means, “child would have duplicate sets of the members inherited from “grandparent. This
introduces ambiguity & should be avoided. The duplication of inherited members due to these
multiple paths can be avoided by making the common base class as virtual base class while
declaring the direct or intermediate base classes as shown below.
Class A //grandparent
{

//body of class

};

Class B1: virtual public A //parent1

//body of class

};

Class B2: public virtual A //parent2

Page 12 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

//body of class

};

Class C:public B1,public B2 //child

//only one copy of A will be inherited //body of class

};

(b) Differentiate between compile time polymorphism and runtime polymorphism.

(Any four points each – 1 Mark)

Ans:

Compiletime Polymorphism Runtime Polymorphism

It simply means that an object is bound to its It simply means that selection of appropriate
function call at compile time. function is done at run time
Functions to be called are know well before Function to be called is unknown until
appropriate selection is made.
This does not require use of pointers to objects This requires use of pointers to object
Function calls are faster Function calls execution are slower
Also called as early binding Also called as late binding
e.g. overloaded function call e.g. virtual function

It also referred as Static Binding It also referred as Dynamic Binding

(c) Write program to define a class student having data members name and roll no. Accept and
display data for one object.
(Class definition - 2 Marks, creating object t - 1 Mark, Function call - 1 Mark)

Ans: #include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

Page 13 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

class student
{
private:
introll_no;
char name[20];
public :
void get()
{
cout<<"\nenterrollno& name";
cin>>roll_no>>name;
}

void put()
{
cout<<"\nroll_no\t" <<roll_no;
cout<<"\nname\t"<<name;
}
};

void main()
{
student s1;

s1.get();
s1.put();
getch();
}

Page 14 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

(d) Write a program to calculate area of circle and area of rectangle using function overloading.
(Function for Calculating area of circle - 2 Marks, Function for Calculating area of rectangle
- 2 Marks)

Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
float area(float a)
{
return (3.14*a*a);
}
int area(int p,int q)
{
return(p*q);
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<"Area of circle:"<<area(6);
cout<<"Area of Rectangle:"<<area(5,6);
getch();
}

(e) Write any four features of object oriented programming.

(Any four features, each – 1 Mark)
Ans:
Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.
Programs are divided into what are known as objects
Data structure designed such that they characterize the objects.
functions that operate on the data of an object are tied together in the data structure.

Page 15 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

Data is hidden & cannot be accessed by external functions.

Objects may communicate with each other‟s through functions.
New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.
Follows bottom-up approach in program designing.

(f) Explain pointer arithmetic with example.

(Description – 2 Marks, Example – 2 Marks; any other relevant program shall be considered)
Ans:
1. As a pointer holds the memory address of a variable some arithmetic operations can be
performed with pointers. C++ supports four arithmetic operators that can be used with pointer
such as:incrimination++
2. Pointers are variables. They are not integers, but they can be displayed as unsigned integers.
The conversion specifier for a pointer is added and subtracted.
For example:
Ptr++: causes the pointer position to be incremented, but not by 1.
Ptr --: the pointer position to be decremented, but not by 1.
3. Following program segment shows the pointer arithmetic.
The integer value would occupy bytes 2000 and 2001
int value, * ptr;
value=120;
ptr=&value;
ptr ++;
printf(%u\n”, ptr);

Example:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int value;
int*ptr;

Page 16 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

ptr= &value;
cout<<”memory address before incrementation=”;
cout<<ptr<<endl;
ptr++;
cout<<” memory address after incrementation=”;
cout<<ptr<<endl; }
memory address before incrementation=0X24c8ff4
memory address after incrementation=0X24c8ff5

4. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

(a) What is destructor? Give it’s syntax. How many destructors can be defined in a single class?
(Definition - 2 Mark, Syntax - 1 Mark, Number of destructor in a class - 1 Mark; example is
optional)

Ans: Destructor is used to destroy then objects that have been created by a constructor. Destructor is special
member function whose name is same name as that of the class name but is preceded by tilde (~).

Syntax:
~Class_name();
e.g:
class integer
{
int m, n;
public:
~integer();
};
Only one destructor because we can‟t overload the destructor

Page 17 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

(b) State different types of inheritance with diagram.

(Description – 1 Mark, Diagram - 1 Marks; any 4 types are expected)
Ans:
1. Multiple Inheritance:
A class can inherit the attributes of two or more classes as shown in fig .this is known as multiple
inheritance.

Fig. Multiple Inheritance

2. Single inheritance:
It includes single base class which can allow only one derived class to inherit its properties.

3. Multi-level inheritance: A single class can be derived from a single base class. We can
derive a new class from as already derived class. It includes different levels for defining class.
A child class can share properties of its base class (parent class) as well as grandparent class.

Page 18 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

4. Hierarchical inheritance: In this inheritance, multiple classes can be derived from one single
base class. All derived classes inherit properties of single base class.

5. Hybrid Inheritance: In this inheritance, it combines single inheritance, multiple inheritance,

multi – level inheritance & hierarchical inheritance.

Page 19 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

(c) Write a program to declare a class staff having data members as name and post. Accept and
display data for five staff members. (Using array of object)
(Class definition - 2 Marks, Creation and working of array - 2 Marks)

Ans: #include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

class staff

private:

char name[10], post[10];

public:

void get()

cout<<"enter staff name and post"<<endl;

cin>>name>>endl>>post;

void put()

cout<<"Name of staff="<<name<<endl;

cout<<"Name of post="<<post;

};

Page 20 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

void main()

staff s[5];

int i;

clrscr();

for(i=0;i<=4;i++)

s[i].get();

for(i=0;i<=4;i++)

s[i].put();

getch();

(d) Explain the concept of this pointer.

(Description - 3 Marks, Example - 1 Mark)

Ans:

1. C++ uses a unique keyword called “this” to represent an object that invokes a member
function.
2. This is a pointer that points to the object for which this function was called.
3. This is a unique pointer is automatically passed to a member function when it is called.

Page 21 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

4. The pointer this acts as an implicit argument to all the member function.
5. its an in-built pointer so programmer doesn‟t need to explicitly create this pointer.
6. one class can have exactly one this pointer.
Example:
class ABC
{
int a;
…
voidgetdata()
{
}
…};
The private variable „a‟ can be used directly inside a member function, like
a=123;
We can also use the following statement to do the same job:
this->a=123;
this->getdata();

(e) State any four rules for operator overloading.

(Any four points; each - 1 Mark)
Ans: Rules for Overloading operators:
1. Only existing operators can be overloaded. Operatorscan not be created.
2. The overloaded operator must have at least one operand that is of user defined type.
3. We cannot change the basic meaning of an operator i.e. we cannot redefine the plus(+)
operator to subtract one value from the other.
4. Overloaded operators follow the syntax rules of the original operators. They cannot be
overridden. 5. There are some operators that cannot be overloaded. for e.g. sizeof, . , .* , : : , ?:
5. We cannot use friend functions to overload certain operators (=,( ),[ ],->).However member
functions can be used to overload them.

Page 22 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

6. Unary operators overloaded by means of a member function, take no explicit arguments and
return no explicit values, but those overloaded by means of a friend function, take one
reference argument.
7. Binary operators overloaded through a member function take one explicit argument and those
which are overloaded through a friend function take two explicit arguments.

(f) Explain object as function argument.

(Description - 3 Mark, Example - 1 Mark, any relevant explanation shall be considered)

Ans: In object as function argument we send an object of a class to member function as an argument
which allows programmer to share the data and functions associated with that object. This
facilitates communication between two different classes. There are two types of having object as
function arguments. As follows
Object as function argument: - where actual object is sent as an argument
Friend function: - where the reference of an object is sent as an argument to a function of another
class.
Example:-
#include <iostream.h>
class rational
{
private:
intnum;
intdnum;
public:
void get ()
{
cout<<"enter numerator";
cin>>num;
cout<<"enter denominator";
cin>>dnum;
}

Page 23 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

void print ()
{
cout<<num<<"/"<<dnum<<endl;
}
void multi(rational r1,rational r2) // receiving object as argument
{
num=r1.num*r2.num;
dnum=r1.dnum*r2.dnum;
}
};
void main ()
{
rational r1,r2,r3;
r1.get();
r2.get();
r3.multi(r1,r2); // sending object as an argument
r3.print();
}

5. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

(a) How many ways we can define member function in class? Give it’s syntax.
(Out Side Class Definition - 2 Marks; Inside Class definition - 2 Marks)

Ans: Member functions can be defined in two ways:

 Outside class definition
 Inside class definition
Outside class definition :
 Member functions that are declared inside class have to be defined separately outside
class. Their definitions are as simple as normal function definition. They should have
function header & body

Page 24 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

 Difference between member function & normal function is that member function
incorporates membership „identity label‟ in header
 General form of member function definition is as:
classclass_name
{
…
…
…
public:
return_typefunction_name(argument(s));
};
return-type class-name:: function-name(argument(s))
{
function body
}
 Membership label class-name:: tell complier that function-name belongs to class class-
name. This is scope of function restricted to class-name specified in header line. Scope
resolution operator (::) is used.
 For example member functions getdata() &putdata() of class item can be coded as follows:
void item :: getdata(int a, float b)
{
number =a;
cost= b;
}
o Inside Class Definition:
 This is method of defining member function is that member function declaration are
replaced by actual function definition inside the class
 For example item class can be defined as:
class item
{
int number; //variable declaration

Page 25 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

float cost; // private by default

public:
voidgetdata(inta, float b); //function declaration
voidputdata () // function definition
{
cout<<number<<”\n”;
cout<<cost;
}
};
(b) Differentiate between structure and class.
(Any four points of comparison - 1 Mark each)

Ans:

Sr. No Structure Class

1 Structure is collection of variable of Class is collection of variables of
different data types different data types & functions
2 “struct” keyword is used while declaring “class” keyword is used while
structure declaring a class
3 Structure variables can be created Class variables can be created which are
called as objects of class
4 Access specifiers are not available Access specifiers like private, public,
protected are available
5 Data hiding is not achieved Data hiding is achieved with private
keyword
6 Syntax: Syntax:
structStruct_name class class_name
{ {
variable 1; private:
variable 2; member variable declaration;
………….. member function declaration;
variable n; public:
}struct_var; member variable declaration;
member function declaration;
};

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

(c) Why do we need virtual functions?

(Need - 4 Marks, Example optional)

Ans:

Polymorphism refers to property by which objects belonging to different classes are classes are
able to respond to same message, but in different forms.
Therefore an essential requirement of polymorphism is ability to refer to object without any
regard of their classes. This requires use of single pointer variable to refer to objects of
different classes.
Here we use pointer to base class to refer to all derived objects. Base pointer even when it is
made to contain address of derived class, always executes function in base class.
Compiler simply ignores content of pointer & chooses member function that matches type of
pointer. In this case polymorphism is achieved by using virtual functions.
When we use same function name in both base & derived classes, function in base class is
declared as virtual using keyword virtual preceding its normal declaration.
When function is made virtual C++ determines which function to runtime based on type of
object pointed to by base pointer rather than type of pointer.
Thus by making base pointer to point to different objects different version of virtual function
can be executed.
Runtime polymorphism is achieved only when virtual function accessed through pointer to
base class.
Example:
//Virtual function
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class base
{
public:
void display()
{ cout<<"\n Display Base"; }

Page 27 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

virtual void show()

{ cout<<"\n Show Base"; }
};
class derived : public base
{
public:
void display()
{ cout<<"\n Display Derived"; }
void show()
{ cout<<"\n Show Derived"; }
};
void main()
{
base B;
derived D;
base *bptr;
clrscr();
cout<<"\n bptr points to base \n";
bptr=&B; //pointer to base object
bptr->display(); //calls base version
bptr->show(); //calls base version
cout<<"\n bptr points to derived \n";
bptr=&D;
bptr->display(); //calls base version
bptr->show(); //calls derived version
}
(d) Write a program to search a number from an array using pointer to array.
(Correct Logic - 2 Marks, syntax – 2 Marks)

Ans: CODE:
#include<iostream.h>

Page 28 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[5], i,*a1, no, flag=0;
clrscr();
a1=&a[0];
cout<<"\n Enter array elements: \n";
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
{
cout<<"Enter "<<i<<" elements: \n";
cin>>*a1;
a1++;
}
cout<<"Enter element to be searched:\n";
cin>>no;
a1=&a[0];
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
{
if(*a1==no)
{
cout<<"Number is present at "<<i+1<<" Position.\n";
flag++;
a1++;
}
else
{
a1++;
}
}
if(flag == 0)
{ cout<<" Number is not present.\n"; }

Page 29 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

getch();
}
(e) Explain single inheritance with program.
(Description with diagram - 2 Marks; Program - 2 Marks; Any Relevant Program Shall Be
Considered)
Ans: Derived class with only one base class is called single inheritance.

Class Name: Dimension

Member Variable: Length ,width, height

Class Name : Bookshelf

Program :- Member Variable :No_of_shelves

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class dimension
{
intlength,width, height;
public:
voidgetdata()
{
cout<<”Enter length, width ,Heigth\n”;
cin>>length>>width>>height;
}
void display()
{
cout<<”Length:”<<length<<endl<<”Width:”<<width<<endl<<”Height:”<<height;
}

Page 30 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

};
classbookshelf: public dimension
{
intno_of_shelves;
public:
void accept()
{
cout<<”Enter No_Of_Shelves:”;
cin>>no_of_shelves;
}
void show()
{
cout<<” No_Of_Shelves:”<<no_of_shelves;
}
};
void main()
{
bookshelf b;
b.getdata();
b.display();
b.accept();
b.show();
getch();
}

(f) Explain constructor with default argument.

(Description - 3 Marks, Example - 1 Mark)

Ans:

A constructor is special member function whose task is to initialize objects of it‟s class. It is
special because its name is same as that of class name.

Page 31 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

Constructor is invoked whenever an object of its associated class is created. It is called

constructor because it constructs values of data members of the class.
Constructors With Default Argument:
It is possible to define constructors with default argument. For example constructor complex()
can be declared as follows:
complex (float real , float imag =0);

Default value of argument imag is zero. Then statement

Complex C (5.0);

Assigns value 5.0 to real variable & 0.0 to imag (by default)

Statement
Complex C (2.0,3.0);

Assigns 2.0 to real & 3.0 to imag

Actual parameter when specified overrides default value. Missing argument must be trailing
arguments
“Default constructor” A :: A() is totally different than “Constructor with default argument” A
:: A (int = 0)
Default argument constructor can be called with either one or no argument. When called with
no argument it becomes default constructor
When both these forms are used in class it causes ambiguity for statement such as
A a;
Ambiguity is whether to call A :: A() or A :: A(int = 0)

Page 32 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 16

(a) Identify the type of inheritance shown in following fig-1. Implement it by using suitable
member function.

(Type Identification - 2 Marks, Implementation - 6 Marks)

Ans: Type of inheritance: Multilevel Inheritance

CODE:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class student
{
protected:
introll_no;
char name[15];
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\n Enter Roll no & name";
cin>>roll_no>>name;

Page 33 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n Roll_no:"<<roll_no;
cout<<"\n Name:"<<name;
}
};
classtest:public student
{
protected:
int mark1,mark2;
public:
void get1()
{
cout<<"\n Enter marks of 2 subjects";
cin>>mark1>>mark2;
}
void show1()
{
cout<<"\n Marks Are: \n1)"<<mark1<<"\n2)"<<mark2;
}
};
classresult:public test
{
protected:
int total;
public:
voidcal()
{
total=mark1+mark2;
cout<<"\n Total is:"<<total;

Page 34 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

}
};
void main()
{
result R;
R.get();
R.show();
R.get1();
R.show1();
R.cal();
getch();
}

(b) Write a program to declare a class birthday having data members day, month, year. Accept
this information for five objects using pointer to the array of objects.
(Implementation of Class with Appropriate Functions - 4 Marks, Function Call - 4 Marks)

Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class birthday
{
intday,month, year;
public:
voidgetdata()
{
cout<<" Enter birthdate(day month year):\n";
cin>>day>>month>>year;
}
voidputdata()
{
cout<<" "<<day<<"/ "<<month<<"/ "<<year;

Page 35 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

}
};
void main()
{
int i;
birthday B[5], *ptr;
clrscr();
ptr= &B[0];
for(i=0; i<5;i++)
{
cout<<"Enter birthdate for object;"<<i+1;
ptr->getdata();
ptr++;
}
ptr= &B[0];
for(i=0; i<5;i++)
{
cout<<"\nBirthdate for object: "<<i+1;
ptr->putdata();
ptr++;
}
getch();
}

(c) Explain overloaded constructor in a class with suitable example.

(Description of Overloaded Constructor - 4 Marks, Example - 4 Marks, any relevant example shall
be considered)
Ans:
There are no argument constructor, one argument constructor & even parameterized
constructor

Page 36 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

C++ permits to use all these constructors in same class.

Example:
class integer
{
intm,n;
public:
integer()
{
m=0;
n=0;
} //constructor 1
integer(int a, int b)
{
m=a;
n=b;
} //constructor 2
integer(integer &i)
{
m=i.m;
n=i.n;
} //constructor 3
};
This declares three constructors for an integer object. First constructor receives no
argument, second receives two integer argument & third receives one integer object as an
argument
Statement integer I1; invokes first constructor & set both m & n of I1 to zero
Statement integer I2(20,40); invokes second constructor & set both m & n of I2 to 20 &
40 respectively
Statement integer I3(I2); invokes third constructor which copies values of I2 into I3

Page 37 of 38
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming

When more than one constructor function is defined in class then we say that constructor
is overloaded.
Program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
classoop
{
inta,b;
public:
oop()
{
a=100;
b=50;
}
oop(int x,int y)
{
a=x;
b=y;
}
voidputdata()
{
cout<<"\nValue 1"<<a;
cout<<"\nValue 2"<<b;
}
};
void main()
{
intp,q;
oop o1;
oop o2(50,100);
clrscr();
o1.putdata();
o2.putdata();
getch();
}

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