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computer science

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29 views

NM

computer science

Uploaded by

nanunk155
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Fundamentals of Computer Science


Definition of Computer Science: Study of algorithms, data structures, and the
principles of computation.
Computer System Components:
Hardware: CPU, memory, storage, input/output devices.
Software: System software (operating systems) and application software.
2. Programming Concepts
Programming Languages: Overview of languages (Python, Java, C++, JavaScript).
Basic Constructs:
Variables and Data Types: Integers, floats, strings, booleans.
Control Structures:
Conditional statements (if, else, switch).
Loops (for, while).
Functions/Methods: Definition, parameters, return values, and scope.
Error Handling: Try-catch blocks and debugging techniques.
3. Data Structures
Arrays and Lists: Definition, differences, and operations (insertion, deletion).
Stacks and Queues: LIFO vs. FIFO, implementation, and applications.
Linked Lists: Singly and doubly linked lists, traversal, and modification.
Trees: Binary trees, binary search trees, and tree traversal methods (in-order,
pre-order, post-order).
Graphs: Representation (adjacency list vs. matrix), traversal (BFS, DFS).
4. Algorithms
Algorithm Definition: Step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
Sorting Algorithms:
Bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, quicksort, mergesort.
Searching Algorithms:
Linear search and binary search.
Big O Notation: Understanding time and space complexity.
5. Operating Systems
Functions of an OS: Process management, memory management, file systems, device
management.
Types of Operating Systems: Batch, time-sharing, real-time, distributed.
Processes and Threads: Definition, states, and synchronization.
6. Databases
Database Management Systems (DBMS): Types (relational vs. non-relational).
SQL Basics: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE commands.
Normalization: Purpose and forms of normalization.
7. Networking
Basic Concepts: Definition of networking, types (LAN, WAN, MAN).
Protocols: Overview of TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and their purposes.
Network Security: Importance of firewalls, encryption, and secure protocols.
8. Web Development
Front-End Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript basics.
Back-End Technologies: Overview of server-side languages (Node.js, PHP, Python).
Databases in Web Development: Connecting front-end with back-end databases.
Study Tips
Hands-On Practice: Regularly code and work on projects to apply concepts.
Online Resources: Use platforms like Codecademy, Coursera, or freeCodeCamp.
Study Groups: Collaborate with peers to solve problems and discuss concepts.
Documentation: Familiarize yourself with official documentation for programming
languages and tools.

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