UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & ENERGY STUDIES

Final Project Report

Sentiment Analysis for Social Media Posts
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Computer Science

SUBMITTED BY-

GUIDED BY-
Mr. Sumit Shukla

Student Information
NAME Roll no. Present Official Address E-mail
 Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1.Aim
1.1 Technologies
1.2 Hardware Architecture
1.3 Software Architecture
2. System
2.1 Requirements
2.1.1 Functional requirements
2.1.2 User requirements
2.1.3 Environmental requirements
2.2 Design and Architecture
2.3 Implementation
2.4 Testing
2.4.1 Test Plan Objectives
2.4.2 Data Entry
2.4.3 Security
2.4.4 Test Strategy
2.4.5 System Test
2.4.6 Performance Test
2.4.7 Security Test
2.4.8 Basic Test
2.4.9 Stress and Volume Test
2.4.10 Recovery Test
2.4.11 Documentation Test
2.4.12 User Acceptance Test
2.4.13 System
2.5 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Layout 2.6 Customer testing 2.7 Evaluation
2.7.1 Table
1: Performance
2.7.2 STATIC CODE ANALYSIS
2.7.3 WIRESHARK
2.7.4 TEST OF MAIN FUNCTION
3 Snapshots of the Project
4 Conclusions
5 Further development or research
6 References
7 Appendix
Executive summary-
1.AIM:-
Social media sentiment analysis is about judging whether social media posts are positive,
negative, or neutral.Social media sentiment analysis is a process of using natural language processing
(NLP) and machine learning techniques to analyze social media data and determine the emotions and
opinions of the people posting the content. As a result, posts are defined as positive, neutral, or negative.

1.1 Technologies:
● Data Collection Technologies:
Twitter API: For accessing tweets, user profiles, and trends.
● Data Processing Technologies:
Pandas: A Python library for data manipulation and analysis.
NumPy: For numerical operations and handling large datasets.
● Sentiment Analysis Technologies:
NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit): For text processing and linguistic analysis.
● Data Visualization Technologies:
Matplotlib: A Python library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations.

1.2 Hardware Architecture :

1.3 Software Architecture :

The architecture can be divided into several layer:

● Data Collection Layer Components:

API Integrations: Connect to social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc., to
collect posts.

● Data Storage Layer:

Raw Data Storage: Store raw collected data.

Processed Data Storage: Store data after initial processing and cleaning.

● Data Processing Layer:

Data Cleaning: Remove noise, handle missing values, normalize text.

Data Transformation: Tokenization, stemming, and lemmatization.

● Machine Learning Layer:

Components:

Model Training: Train sentiment analysis models using labeled datasets.

Model Evaluation: Validate model accuracy and performance.

Model Deployment: Serve the trained model for real-time predictions.

● Application Layer:

Components:

Frontend: User interface for interacting with the sentiment analysis results.

Backend: Handle requests, manage user sessions, and provide API endpoints.

● Infrastructure Layer:

Components:

Cloud Services: Hosting, scalability, and reliability.

2.SYSTEM

System Requirements

Functional Requirements

1. Data Ingestion and Processing

- Ability to collect and process large volumes of social media data in real-time.
- Integration with social media APIs (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Instagram) for data retrieval.
- Data pre-processing steps including tokenization, stop-word removal, and
stemming/lemmatization.

2. Sentiment Analysis Model

- Development of a deep learning model capable of identifying sentiment (positive, negative,
neutral) in text data.
- Utilization of advanced NLP techniques such as word embeddings (e.g., Word2Vec, GloVe)
and transformers (e.g., BERT, GPT).
- Model training, validation, and testing processes to ensure high accuracy and reliability.

3. Real-Time Processing
- Implementation of real-time processing capabilities to analyze social media posts as they are
published.
- Ensuring low-latency data processing to provide up-to-date sentiment analysis.

4. User Interface and Visualization

- Development of a user-friendly interface for displaying sentiment analysis results.
- Visualization tools for representing sentiment trends, such as graphs, charts, and heatmaps.
- Customizable dashboards for different user needs (e.g., businesses, researchers).

5. Scalability and Performance

- Ensuring the system can scale to handle increasing amounts of data.
- Optimizing performance to maintain quick response times even under heavy loads.

6. Security and Privacy

- Implementing robust security measures to protect data integrity and user privacy.
- Compliance with relevant data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA).
User Requirements
1. Accuracy and Reliability
- High accuracy in sentiment classification to ensure reliable insights.
- Minimal false positives/negatives in sentiment detection.

2. Ease of Use
- Intuitive and easy-to-navigate user interface.
- Minimal training required for new users to effectively use the system.

3. Customization
- Ability for users to customize the analysis parameters (e.g., date range, specific keywords).
- Flexible reporting options to suit different user needs.

4. Real-Time Updates
- Users should receive real-time updates and notifications about significant sentiment changes.
- Option to set alerts for specific keywords or trends.

5. Integration Capabilities
- Ability to integrate with other business tools and platforms (e.g., CRM, marketing tools).
- Export options for data and reports in various formats (e.g., CSV, PDF).

Environmental Requirements

1. Hardware Requirements
- High-performance servers or cloud infrastructure to handle data processing and model training.
- Sufficient storage capacity for large volumes of social media data.

2. Software Requirements
- Use of modern deep learning frameworks (e.g., TensorFlow, PyTorch).
- Databases and data storage solutions capable of handling large-scale data (e.g., Hadoop, Spark,
NoSQL databases).

3. Network Requirements
- High-speed internet connection for real-time data retrieval and processing.
- Reliable and secure network infrastructure to prevent data breaches and ensure smooth
operation.
4. Operational Environment
- Deployment in a cloud environment (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud, Azure) for scalability and
flexibility.
- Regular maintenance and updates to the system to ensure optimal performance and security.

5. Compliance and Regulations

- Adherence to legal and regulatory requirements related to data collection and analysis.
- Regular audits and assessments to ensure compliance with data protection laws.

By addressing these functional, user, and environmental requirements, the project aims to create a
robust and effective sentiment analysis system for social media data.

Design and Architecture

1. Overall System Architecture

The system can be divided into several key components: Data Ingestion, Data Pre-processing,
Sentiment Analysis Model, Real-time Processing, User Interface, and Storage.

2. Component Breakdown

1. Data Ingestion Layer

- APIs for Data Collection: Utilize APIs from social media platforms (e.g., Twitter API,
Facebook Graph API) to collect posts in real-time.
- Streaming Framework: Use frameworks like Apache Kafka or AWS Kinesis to handle
real-time data streaming.
- Scheduler and Job Management: Implement schedulers (e.g., Apache Airflow) for
managing periodic data collection tasks.

2. Data Pre-processing Layer

- Data Cleaning: Remove noise, handle missing values, and filter non-relevant posts.
- Text Pre-processing: Tokenization, stop-word removal, stemming, lemmatization, and
normalization.
- Feature Extraction: Use techniques such as TF-IDF, word embeddings (e.g., Word2Vec,
GloVe), and contextual embeddings (e.g., BERT).
3. Sentiment Analysis Model Layer

- Model Selection: Use a transformer-based model (e.g., BERT, GPT-3) for sentiment
analysis due to their state-of-the-art performance in NLP tasks.
- Training Pipeline: Implement a pipeline for model training, validation, and testing. Use
libraries like TensorFlow or PyTorch.
- Real-time Inference: Deploy the trained model using a scalable inference engine (e.g.,
TensorFlow Serving, TorchServe).

4. Real-time Processing Layer

- Message Queue: Use a message queue (e.g., RabbitMQ, Apache Kafka) to manage the flow
of data through the system.
- Stream Processing: Implement stream processing using frameworks like Apache Flink or
Spark Streaming to ensure real-time sentiment analysis.

5. User Interface Layer

- Dashboard: Develop a web-based dashboard using frameworks like React or Angular for
visualizing sentiment analysis results.
- Visualization Tools: Integrate visualization libraries (e.g., D3.js, Chart.js) to create
interactive graphs and charts.
- Real-time Updates: Use WebSocket or similar technologies to provide real-time updates to
the dashboard.

6. Storage Layer

- Database: Use a NoSQL database (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra) to store processed data and
analysis results.
- Data Warehouse: Implement a data warehouse solution (e.g., Amazon Redshift, Google
BigQuery) for long-term storage and analysis.
- Backup and Recovery: Ensure regular backups and implement disaster recovery plans.
3. Detailed Design

1. Data Ingestion

- API Integrations: Scripts or microservices to collect data from various social media APIs.
- Real-time Streaming: Apache Kafka as the central data streaming platform.
- Job Scheduler: Apache Airflow for orchestrating data collection tasks.

2. Data Pre-processing

- Data Cleaning Service: Microservice for cleaning and filtering raw data.
- Text Pre-processing Pipeline: Pre-processing steps implemented as a sequence of operations
within a microservice.

3. Sentiment Analysis Model

- Model Training: Use Jupyter notebooks or dedicated scripts for model training, leveraging
GPUs for faster computation.
- Model Serving: Deploy models using TensorFlow Serving or TorchServe, ensuring the
service is scalable using Kubernetes or Docker Swarm.

4. Real-time Processing

- Stream Processing Application: An application built using Apache Flink to handle real-time
data and perform sentiment analysis.
- Message Queue Integration: Integration with RabbitMQ or Kafka for managing real-time
data flow.

5. User Interface

- Front-end Application: A single-page application (SPA) built with React, providing

interactive and real-time sentiment analysis results.
- Back-end API: RESTful or GraphQL API built with Node.js or Django to serve data to the
front-end.
6. Storage

- NoSQL Database: MongoDB for storing high-velocity data.

- Data Warehouse: Google BigQuery for analyzing historical data and generating reports.
- Backup Solutions: Regular backups using cloud services like AWS S3 with automated
scripts.

4. Security and Compliance

- Data Encryption: Encrypt data at rest and in transit using protocols like TLS.
- Access Control: Implement role-based access control (RBAC) to secure the system.
- Compliance: Ensure adherence to GDPR, CCPA, and other data protection regulations.

5. Scalability and Performance

- Auto-scaling: Use Kubernetes or cloud provider auto-scaling features to handle variable

data loads.
- Load Balancing: Distribute traffic using load balancers to ensure system reliability.
- Caching: Implement caching strategies (e.g., Redis) to reduce latency for frequent queries.

By following this design and architecture, the system will be able to handle real-time sentiment
analysis of social media posts efficiently and accurately, providing valuable insights to businesses
and researchers.
IMPLEMENTATION
Testing Plan

1. Test Plan Objectives

- Ensure the system accurately identifies the sentiment in social media posts.
- Validate the real-time processing capabilities of the system.
- Verify the system's performance, security, and reliability.
- Ensure compliance with data protection regulations.
- Confirm that the user interface is intuitive and provides real-time updates.

2. Data Entry

- Data Ingestion Tests: Verify that data is correctly ingested from various social media
platforms.
- Pre-processing Tests: Ensure data pre-processing steps (e.g., tokenization, stop-word
removal) are performed correctly.
- Data Validation: Check for data integrity, completeness, and correctness.

3. Security

- Authentication and Authorization: Test user authentication and role-based access control.
- Data Encryption: Verify that data is encrypted both in transit and at rest.
- Vulnerability Scanning: Conduct regular vulnerability scans and penetration testing.

4. Test Strategy

- Unit Testing: Test individual components of the system (e.g., data ingestion, pre-processing,
model inference).
- Integration Testing: Ensure that components work together seamlessly.
- System Testing: Validate the entire system end-to-end.
- Performance Testing: Assess the system's performance under various conditions.
- Security Testing: Evaluate the system's security measures.
- User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Confirm that the system meets user requirements and
expectations.
5. System Test

- Functional Testing: Verify that all functionalities (e.g., real-time sentiment analysis, data
visualization) work as expected.
- End-to-End Testing: Test the complete workflow from data ingestion to sentiment analysis
and visualization.
- Regression Testing: Ensure that new changes do not break existing functionality.

6. Performance Test

- Load Testing: Evaluate system performance under expected user load.

- Stress Testing: Test the system's behavior under extreme load conditions.
- Scalability Testing: Ensure the system can scale up to handle increased load.

7. Security Test

- Penetration Testing: Identify and exploit vulnerabilities to assess system security.

- Access Control Testing: Verify that users have appropriate access levels.
- Data Protection Testing: Ensure compliance with data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR,
CCPA).
 2.5 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Layout

2.6 Customer testing

1. Objectives

● Usability: To determine if the GUI is intuitive and user-friendly.

● Functionality: To ensure the sentiment analysis and emotion detection functions work correctly.
● Performance: To check the tool's performance and responsiveness.
● Reliability: To identify and fix any bugs or issues encountered during testing.

2. Testers

● Selection Criteria: Describe the criteria used to select testers (e.g., background, experience,
familiarity with sentiment analysis tools).
● Profile of Testers: Provide a brief profile of the selected testers (e.g., number of testers,
demographics, and relevant experience).
 3. Test Scenarios

● Scenario 1: Text File Analysis

○ Load a CSV or TXT file.
○ Perform sentiment analysis.
○ Verify the results.
● Scenario 2: Image File Analysis
○ Load an image file (PNG, JPG, JPEG).
○ Perform emotion detection.
○ Verify the results.
● Scenario 3: URL Text Analysis
○ Provide a URL to load text data (CSV or TXT).
○ Perform sentiment analysis.
○ Verify the results.
● Scenario 4: URL Image Analysis
○ Provide a URL to load an image.
○ Perform emotion detection.
○ Verify the results.

4. Instructions for Testers

● Setup: Instructions on how to set up the tool.

● Usage: Step-by-step instructions on how to use the tool for each test scenario.
● Feedback: How and where to provide feedback (e.g., a feedback form, email).
2.7 Evaluation and Performance
2.7.1 Table

Aspect Description

Data Supports input from URLs and local files (CSV, TXT,
Source PNG, JPG, JPEG)

Data Utilizes pandas for CSV and TXT files, pytesseract

Loading for image-to-text conversion

Text Removes punctuation, converts to lowercase, and

Cleaning eliminates stopwords using NLTK

Feature Uses CountVectorizer to convert text into numerical

Extraction features (bag-of-words model)

Dataset Splits data into training and testing sets using

Splitting train_test_split from sklearn

Model Multinomial Naive Bayes (MultinomialNB from

sklearn.naive_bayes)

Training Fits the Naive Bayes classifier on the training data

Evaluation Confusion Matrix, Classification Report (Precision,

Metrics Recall, F1-Score), Accuracy Score

Visualizati Seaborn heatmap for confusion matrix, Matplotlib for

on text length histogram, WordCloud for text data
2.7.2 STATIC CODE ANALYSIS
Overview

The static code analysis evaluates the Python code for sentiment analysis and image processing. The
aim was to ensure code quality, readability, and maintainability.

Key Findings

- Coding Standards: The code mostly adheres to PEP 8 but has some issues with line length and
naming consistency.
- Potential Issues:
- Exception Handling: General exception handling could be more specific.
- Duplicated Code: Functions for image analysis have similar code that can be refactored.
- Security: Ensure input validation for file paths and URLs to prevent security risks.

Actions Taken

- Refactored duplicated code and improved exception handling.

- Reviewed code for PEP 8 compliance and security.

The analysis highlighted areas for improvement in code duplication, exception handling, and
adherence to standards. Implementing these changes will enhance code quality and maintainability.
2.7.3 TEST OF MAIN FUNCTION
3. Snapshots of the Project
Conclusions

1. Achievement of Primary Objectives

The project successfully developed a deep learning model that accurately identifies sentiment in
social media posts. The system processes large volumes of text data in real-time, providing
businesses and researchers with up-to-date sentiment analysis. By leveraging advanced NLP
techniques and machine learning algorithms, the project has significantly contributed to the field
of sentiment analysis, offering a powerful tool for monitoring and understanding public opinion.

2. Enhanced Business Insights

Businesses can now access real-time sentiment analysis to better understand customer opinions
and market trends. This enables more informed decision-making, improved customer engagement,
and the ability to quickly respond to public sentiment.

3. Impact on Research

Researchers benefit from the system's ability to analyze large datasets in real-time, facilitating
studies on social behavior, public opinion, and the impact of events on sentiment. The tool
provides a rich source of data for academic and industry research.

4. Technical Innovations

The project demonstrated the effectiveness of transformer-based models (e.g., BERT, GPT) in
sentiment analysis tasks. The implementation of real-time processing using frameworks like
Apache Kafka and Apache Flink showcased the system's capability to handle high-velocity data
streams efficiently.

5. Scalability and Performance

The system's architecture ensures scalability and high performance, capable of handling increasing
data volumes without compromising speed or accuracy. This is achieved through cloud-based
infrastructure, auto-scaling mechanisms, and efficient data processing pipelines.
Further Development or Research

1. Multilingual Sentiment Analysis

- Objective: Expand the model to support multiple languages beyond English.

- Approach:
- Train the model on multilingual datasets using pre-trained multilingual transformers (e.g.,
mBERT, XLM-R).

- Implement language detection algorithms to automatically identify and process posts in

different languages.

2. Enhanced Sentiment Categories

- Objective: Move beyond basic sentiment categories (positive, negative, neutral) to include more
nuanced emotions (e.g., joy, anger, surprise).
- Approach:
- Use datasets labeled with detailed emotion categories.
- Fine-tune the model to recognize these emotions using specialized NLP techniques.

3. Sarcasm and Irony Detection

- Objective: Improve the model's ability to detect sarcasm and irony in social media posts, which
are often challenging for sentiment analysis.
- Approach:
- Incorporate datasets specifically labeled for sarcasm and irony.
- Use context-aware models and advanced techniques such as attention mechanisms to better
understand the subtleties of language.

4.Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

- Objective: Integrate analysis of text with images, videos, and other media types to provide a
more comprehensive sentiment analysis.
- Approach:
- Develop models that combine NLP with computer vision techniques (e.g., using VisualBERT).
 - Create datasets that include both text and visual
content for training and evaluation.

5. Improved Real-Time Processing

- Objective: Further enhance the system's ability to process data in real-time, ensuring even lower
latency and higher throughput.
- Approach:
- Optimize the data streaming and processing pipeline.
- Investigate the use of edge computing to process data closer to the source.
- Implement more efficient algorithms and hardware acceleration (e.g., using GPUs or TPUs).

6. User Interaction and Feedback Loop

- Objective: Allow users to provide feedback on the sentiment analysis results, enabling
continuous learning and improvement of the model.
- Approach:
- Develop a feedback mechanism within the user interface where users can correct or confirm
sentiment predictions.
- Use this feedback to retrain and fine-tune the model regularly.

7. Domain-Specific Sentiment Analysis

- Objective: Customize sentiment analysis for specific industries or domains (e.g., finance,
healthcare, politics).
- Approach:
- Create domain-specific models using datasets relevant to each industry.
- Train models with specialized vocabulary and context from each domain.

8. Integration with Other Business Tools

- Objective: Enhance the system’s utility by integrating it with other business tools and platforms
(e.g., CRM, marketing automation).
- Approach:
- Develop APIs and plugins to facilitate seamless integration with popular business applications.
- Provide real-time sentiment insights within these tools to enhance decision-making processes.
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