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4 A student investigates the motion of a ball through the air.

Plan an experiment which will enable him to investigate how the range of the ball depends on the
angle at which it is launched.

The range is the horizontal distance that the ball travels after leaving the end of the channel
shown in Fig. 4.1 and before hitting the ground.

The apparatus available includes:

• a flexible channel, as shown in Fig. 4.1, which can be bent at different angles
• a selection of balls, each of different diameter and mass.

In your plan, you should:

• list any additional apparatus needed

• explain briefly how to do the experiment – you may add to Fig. 4.1 if it helps your explanation
• state the key variables to keep constant
• draw a table with column headings, to show how to display the readings (you are not required
to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use the results to reach a conclusion.

flexible
channel

variable angle

floor

Fig. 4.1

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4 A student investigates the rate of cooling of hot water in a container which has a lid.

Plan an experiment which will enable him to compare the effect of lids of different thicknesses on
the rate of cooling.

The apparatus available includes:

• a beaker
• a supply of hot water
• insulating material from which lids can be cut.

In your plan, you should:

• list any additional apparatus needed

• explain briefly how to do the experiment, including the measurements to take so that the rate
of cooling can be determined
• state the key variables to keep constant
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how to display the readings (you are
not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use the readings to reach a conclusion.

You may draw a diagram if it helps to explain your plan.

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4 A student investigates the change in current in a conducting liquid as the distance between two
electrodes is changed. The circuit is shown in Fig. 4.1.

electrodes

Fig. 4.1

Plan an experiment to investigate the change in current in the liquid as the distance between the
electrodes is changed.

You should:

• explain briefly how to do the investigation

• state the key variables to keep constant
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how to display your readings (you are
not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use your readings to reach a conclusion.

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4 A student investigates the change in resistance of a lamp filament when the current in the lamp is
increased.

The following apparatus is available:

• a power supply
• a low-voltage filament lamp
• an ammeter
• a voltmeter
• connecting wires.

Other apparatus normally found in a school laboratory is also available.

Plan an experiment to investigate the change in resistance of the lamp filament when the current
in the lamp is increased.
V
Resistance R is given by the equation R = , where V is the potential difference (p.d.) across the
I
lamp and I is the current in the lamp.

You should:

• draw a diagram of the circuit used

• explain briefly how to do the investigation, including how to change the current
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how to display your readings (you are
not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use your readings to reach a conclusion.

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