NAAN MUDHALVAN

UPSKILLING PLATFORM
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
 SYNOPSIS
• DERMATOLOGY
• DERMATOLOGIST
• STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
• LAYERS OF SKIN
• GLANDS OF THE SKIN
• HAIR AND NAILS
• DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
• PROCEDURES
• TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
 DERMATOLOGY

• The study of skin and related structures,

along with the related diseases and
treatment is called dermatology
• The physician who specializes in the
diagnosis and treatment is called a
dermatologist
 INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
• The skin and its accessory organs constitute the
integumentary system
• The accessory organs are hair, nails, sweat glands,
and sebaceous glands.
• Integument – a protective layer
• The integumentary system is the largest organ of
the body (22 Square feet in an average adult)
• Forms a physical barrier between external and
internal environment
STRUCTURE OF SKIN
 EPIDERMIS
• Thinner superficial layer of skin
• Composed of squamous epithelial cells
Cells of Epidermis
Keratinocytes - produce keratin (protein)
Melanocytes – produce melanin (pigment
producing substance)
Langerhans’ cells – first line defenders
Merkel’s cells – sensory receptors for light
touch
 DERMIS
• Present beneath the Epidermis
• A dense fibrous layer of connective tissue
• Contains
sweat glands,
hair follicles,
muscles,
sensory neurons,
and blood vessels
 SUBCUTANEOUS
TISSUE
• Deepest layer of skin
• Also called as hypodermis
• Contains lipocytes responsible for production
and storage of fat / adipose tissue
• Acts as a layer of insulation
• Reguates body temperature
• Connects skin to other organs
GLANDS
 FUNCTIONS

• Protection – physical barrier that protects

underlying tissues from injury, UV light and
invasion of micro organisms.
• Body temperature – reduces high temperature
by producing sweat
• Sensation – discriminates temperature, pain,
pressure and touch
• Excretion – sweat removes water and small
amount of salt, uric acid and ammonia
 FUNCTIONS

• Blood reservoir – dermis contains an extensive

network of blood vessels
• Synthesis of vitamin D – UV rays in the
sunlight stimulates the production of Vit D
 HAIR

• Hair – made up of keratin

• Present over entire body except palm and
soles
FUNCTIONS
Protects sensitive areas
from dust and other small
particles.
 NAILS

• Nails – hardened keratin

• Protects toes and fingers from injury
SKIN LESIONS
 TYPES OF SKIN LESIONS
• Bulla: A large blister containing clear fluid-Vesicle-
greater than or equal to 5mm.
• Vesicle : A small elevation of the skin containing clear
fluid - less than 5 mm;a blister-chickenpox.
• Cyst: A sealed sac containing fluid or semisolid material
- has a membrane lining.
• Fissure: A deep furrow, slit, or cracklike sore.
• Macule: Discolored flat lesion (freckle or flat mole) less
than 10 mm
• Papule: A small solid elevation of the skin - less than 10
mm
• Nodule: A solid elevation of the skin - more than 10 mm
– palpable
 TYPES OF SKIN LESIONS
• Polyp: A mushroom like growth-projects outward
from the surface
• Pustule: A small elevation of the skin containing
pus
• Wheal: A discolored swollen area of the skin; it is
slightly elevated (hives)
• Ulcer: A deep open sore on the surface of the
skin or mucous membrane -may lead to bleeding
and scarring
 BURNS AND FROST
BITES
• A burn is any injury caused by heat
• Burns are characterized by severe skin damage that causes the
affected skin cells /tissues to die
• First-degree burns are mild (like most sunburns). The top layer of
skin (epidermis) turns red and is painful but doesn’t typically blister.
• Second-degree burns affect skin’s top and lower layers (dermis).
You may experience pain, redness, swelling and blistering.
• Third-degree burns affect all three skin layers: epidermis,
dermis and fat.
 RULE OF NINE
• "Rule of nine" is used to calculate the large
proportion of total burn surface area
• total is 99% with 1% genetalia coverage
• Head 9%
• Each arm 9%
• Each leg (front and rear) 9%
• Upper torso 9%
• Lower torso 9%
• Genetalia 1%
RULE OF NINE
 NEOPLASM
• A malignant neoplasm is a cancerous tumor
• It develops when abnormal cells grow,
multiply and spread to other parts of your
body.
TYPES OF NEOPLASM
1. Benign(non cancerous)
2. Malignant(cancerous)
 BENIGN AND
MALIGNANT NEOPLASM
• Benign neoplasm does not spread to
surrounding tissues
• Malignant neoplasm spread to the surrounding
tissues
 SKIN CANCER
• Skin cancer is one of the most common cancer in humans.

CANCEROUS SKIN LESIONS

• Basal cell carcinoma - a malignant tumour of the basal cell
layer(stratum germinativum) of the epidermis. It is slow growing and
rarely metasizes.
• Kaposi sarcoma- a malignant growth characterized by nodules
ranging in colour from pink to purple/dark blue. It can invade
internal organs and be fatal. Primarily associated with AIDS.
• Malignant melanoma - a malignant growth that is composed of
melanocytes. It can metasize to internal organs such as lungs and
brain.
• Squamous cell carcinoma- a malignant tumour of the squamous
epithelial cells. It can occur in situ or can be invasive
 DERMATOLOGIC
DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Abcess – a cavity filled with pus

• Albinism – inherited disorder in which the
body is unable to produce melanin,
characterized by white skin and hair
• Alopecia – loss of hair
• Angioma – tumor in blood vessels
• Atrophy – decrease in size and functioning of
tissues
 DERMATOLOGIC
DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
• Callus – thickening of skin due to pressure
over a period of time
• Cellulitis – inflammation of cellular or
connective tissue
• Decubitus ulcer(bed sore) – skin lesion caused
by pressure on the skin for a prolonged period
of time
• fistula - an abnormal connection between two
body parts, such as an organ or blood vessel
and another structure.
 DERMATOLOGIC
DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Gangrene – death of tissue due to lack of

blood supply
• Hematoma – blood clot
• Herpes simplex (HSV 1) (HSV 2)
• Hirsutism – excessive growth of facial and
body hair, usually in female
• Diaphoresis – excessive sweating due to
underlying condition or medications
 DERMATOLOGIC
DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

• Jaundice – yellowish discolouration of skin,

eyes due to excess production of bilirubin
• Keratosis – an abnormal thickening of skin, by
excessive keratin
• Lipoma – a benign neoplasm of fat cells
• Milia – keratin cyst caused by blockage of hair
follicle or sweat gland
• Mole – a localized growth of hyperpigmented
skin
 DERMATOLOGIC
DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
• Mycosis – fungal disease
• Pruritis – itching
• Purpura – small dots in the skin due to hemorrhage
within the skin
• Rubella – an infectious viral disease accompanied by
fever and rash
• Tinea – a fungal infection. There are several types
• tinea corporis(ringworm of the body)
• tinea captis (ringworm of the scalp)
• tinea pedis (athlete foot)
• tinea barbae (ringworm of beard)
• onychomycosis(ringworm of nails)
 DERMATOLOGIC
DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
• Vitiligo – irregular shaped milky white patches
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – a
chronic systemic inflammatory disease
affecting joints, skin and internal organs,
presents with butterfly wings shaped patches
on the cheeks
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
AND PROCEDURES
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
AND PROCEDURES
THERAPEUTIC
PROCEDURES
THERAPEUTIC
PROCEDURES
THERAPEUTIC
PROCEDURES
COMBINING FORMS
COMBINING FORMS
ABBREVIATIONS
Thank you