Results and Discussions

Table: 01
Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Variable Categories Frequency Percentage
Age of the Respondents Below 25 24 12.0
26-35 36 18.0
36-50 48 24.0
50-65 72 36.0
Above 65 20 10.0
Gender of the Respondents Female 113 56.5
Male 87 43.5
Occupation Working 51 44.5
Self-employed 33 16.5
House-wives 55 27.5
Others 61 30.5
Education Below UG 68 42.3
UG 113 34.6
PG and Above 19 23.1
Annual Income Below 2 Lakhs 44 38.5
2-4 Lakhs 129 46.2
4--6 Lakhs 27 15.4

Table 01 provides the demographic information of the respondents participated in the survey.
Table: 02
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on N of Items
Standardized Items
.917 .918 10

Table 02, The Independent and Dependent variables were measured by using five
point likert scales from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The variables on ambient
factors have got the Cranach’s Alpha value of .918 has proved that the variables are
reliable to do correlation analysis.
 Table: 03
Correlations
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.Hospital maintains 1
appropriate
temperature
2.Hospital has a good .602** 1
ventilation

3.Hospital has an .327* 1

adequate lighting .408 **

facility
4.The Noise level is .463** .255 1
acceptable .354 *

5.The odour in the .838** .319* .514** 1

Hospital is pleasant .624**
6.The spaces like .491** .295* .406** .458** 1
corridors, waiting
areas and etc, are kept .297
clean
7.The toilets are clean .666** .648** .407** .645** .442** 1
.694**
8.Examination room, .420** .515** .329* .646** .560** .643** 1
labs and etc are clean .335*
9.The Furnishing is .388** .667** .708** 458** .992** .642** 1
comfortable .683** .662**
10. Hospital provides .460** .656** .551** 440** .613** .548** .634** 1
overall Hygiene .506** .535**
Environment
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

The above table explain Karl Persons coefficient

of correlation on the various ambient factors
preferred by the out patients while choosing the health service in selected hospitals of Hassan City.
The above analysis explain the highest positive correlation (.992) is between
comfortable furnishing and the toilets cleanses are clearly explain the highest correlated factors at 0.01 level of significance
(2-tailed).
It is true that normally OPD patients looking
comfortable furnishers and rest rooms before and after they consult the doctors these two variables explain the
best combinations. The second maximum positive correlation is .838 in between the odour in the Hospital is pleasant
and good ventilation facility. According to the respondents excellent ventilation facility leads to pleasant aroma
inside the OPD of Hassan city hospitals.

Table: 04
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .688
 Approx. Chi-Square 131.374
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df 45
Sig. .000

Table No. 04, KMO test measures adequacy of sampling and calculate if sampling size is
enough to do factor analysis or not. The output value of KMO and Bartlett’s test is .688 and
the sample is acceptable to precede and given the support for validity for factor analysis of
data set and KMO and Bartlett's test of significant is .000, so there is a significant difference
between considered ten variables.

Table: 05
Total Variance Explained for Design Factors
Design Factors Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared
Loadings
Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative
Variance % Variance %
Infrastructure (Lay-out) of the
Hospital is visually Appealing
3.056 30.564 30.564 3.056 30.564 30.564
(Attractive)

Hospital is easy to locate

1.950 19.498 50.063 1.950 19.498 50.063
The Seating facility is adequate
and comfortable 1.195 11.949 62.012 1.195 11.949 62.012

Interior and Exterior Painting

colour appealing (attractive ) .923 9.232 71.243

Patient’s Registration cards are

standard and maintained neatly .705 7.047 78.290

Signage provides clear directions

to locae facilities like lab,
.604 6.037 84.327
pharmacy etc.,

Hospital Location and layout is

well planned .513 5.134 89.461

Parking facility is Good

.400 4.001 93.462
Hospital provides a safety and
security Measures .366 3.662 97.124

Hospital has Modern and

Upgraded Equipments .288 2.876 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

The above table depicts the factor analysis. To reduce a large number variables into meaning
full number of small variables the PCA method has used, as per this method retain those
factors with the largest Variance (Eigenvalue) that are greater than 01. In this study Total
variance test has suggested to retain 03 components which explain 62.012 percentage of
variance. Out of 10 variables, 03 variables are having the Eignvalue more than 01. The
variables such as Infrastructure, Location and comfort are the main design factors consider by
the patients while preferring the hospitals to get health care service.

The above scree plot Present the components of factors analysis on design factors and three
variable have got the Egien value greater than one.

Table Number: 06
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .708
Approx. Chi-Square 96.255
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df 15
Sig. .000

Table No. 06, explain the KMO and Bartlett's test which measures adequacy of sampling and
calculate if sampling size is enough to do factor analysis or not. The output value of KMO
and Bartlett’s test is .708 at significant at one percent level and the sample is acceptable to
precede and given the support for validity for factor analysis of data set and KMO and
Bartlett's Test of significant is .000, so there is a significant difference between considered 06
variables.
 Table Number: 07
Total Variance Explained on Social Factors
Social Factors Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared
Loadings
Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative
Variance % Variance %
1. Hospital Staffs (Nurse and
2.758 45.971 45.971 2.758 45.971 45.971
others) are Caring and Helpful
2. Staffs are neatly dressed
1.450 24.169 70.140 1.450 24.169 70.140
with clean uniform
3. I got satisfying answers
from the doctors and staffs for .658 10.964 81.104
my queries
4. The staff showed positive
attitude and commitment in
.469 7.809 88.913
providing right the first time
service/treatment
5. Hospital has adequate Nbr.
of Personnel ( No shortage of .359 5.977 94.891
employees)
6. The staffs are kind and
patient to clarify doubts and .307 5.109 100.000
problems
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

The above table depicts the PCA on social factors. To reduce a large number variables into
few exact variables the PCA method has used, as per this analysis retain the largest Variance
(Eigenvalue) that are greater than 01. In this study Total variance test has suggested to retain
02 components which explain 70.140 percentage of variance. Out of 06 variables, 02
variables have got the Eignvalue more than 01. The variables such as the attitude of staff
towards the patients and appearance of hospital staff are the main social factors consider by
the patients while preferring the hospitals to get health care service.
Testing of Hypothesis:

H2: There is a positive relationship between patient satisfaction and perceived quality of
health service.
Table Number: 08
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
I am Satisfied with the
overall environment 3.2500 52 1.28147 .17771
provided by the Hospital

I am satisfied by the Overall 3.5962 52 1.08934 .15106

Service Provided Hospital

To test the variance between Patient Satisfaction on overall environment and overall service,
the Paired Samples Statistics has been used. The correlation is -.067 says that there is a
negative combination between the variables. The mean difference is -.346. The t value is
negative (-1.438) at 95% confidence. So the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative is
accepted. It is proved that there is a positive relationship between patient satisfaction and
perceived quality of health service.

Statistical Tools used

The present has used the following statistical tools to analyse the primary data:

1. Cronbach's Alpha: To measure the internal consistency between the chosen variables.
This tools test how the reliability of variables and how the variables are closely related to a
set of items are as a group.

2. Correlations: Correlation is a statistic that measures the degree to which two variables
move in relation to each other. And also it measures the strength between the two variables.

3. KMO and Bartlett's Test: The KMO and Bartlett’s test measures the sampling adequacy
for factor analysis.

4. Factor Analysis (Principal Component Analysis): Factor Analysis is a technique that is

used to reduce a large number of variables into fewer numbers of factors. The PAC starts
extracting the maximum variance and puts them into the first factors; this process goes to the
last factors.

5. Paired Samples T Statistics: The paired t test are used to test if the means of two pairs from the
same group, object,