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Stat Assignment 4

Statistics assignment industrial Psychology

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akanksha2892000
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1 views

Stat Assignment 4

Statistics assignment industrial Psychology

Uploaded by

akanksha2892000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1.

Explain the difference between parametric and non-


parametric tests. Give a summary of tests – parametric
and non-parametric along with the appropriate situation
where they may be used.
Ans. The parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides
generalisations for making statements about the mean of the
parent population. A t-test based on Student’s t-statistic, which
is often used in this regard. The t-statistic rests on the
underlying assumption that there is the normal distribution of
variable and the mean in known or assumed to be known. The
population variance is calculated for the sample. It is assumed
that the variables of interest, in the population are measured
on an interval scale.
Whereas, the nonparametric test is defined as the hypothesis
test which is population’s distribution to be denoted by specific
parameters. The test is mainly based on differences in
medians. Hence, it is alternately known as the distribution-free
test. The test assumes that the variables are measured on a
nominal or ordinal level. It is used when the independent
variables are non-metric.

The fundamental differences between parametric and


nonparametric test are discussed in the following points:

1. A statistical test, in which specific assumptions are made


about the population parameter is known as the
parametric test. A statistical test used in the case of non-
metric independent variables is called a nonparametric
test.
2. In the parametric test, the test statistic is based on
distribution. On the other hand, the test statistic is
arbitrary in the case of the nonparametric test.
3. In the parametric test, it is assumed that the
measurement of variables of interest is done on interval or
ratio level. As opposed to the nonparametric test, wherein
the variables of interest are measured on nominal or
ordinal scale.
4. In general, the measure of central tendency in the
parametric test is mean, while in the case of the
nonparametric test is median.
5. In the parametric test, there is complete information about
the population. Conversely, in the nonparametric test,
there is no information about the population.
6. The applicability of parametric test is for variables only,
whereas nonparametric test applies to both variables and
attributes.
7. For measuring the degree of association between two
quantitative variables, Pearson’s coefficient of correlation
is used in the parametric test, while spearman’s rank
correlation is used in the nonparametric test.

● Parametric tests are used only where a normal


distribution is assumed. The most widely used tests
are the t-test (paired or unpaired), ANOVA (one-way
non-repeated, repeated; two-way, three-way), linear
regression and Pearson rank correlation.
The situations for example testing new virus spread
specific area and when we observe the area with
another we see area 1 is less virulent than area 2,
then scientist wants to compare the recovery rate of
both areas, he can use one of the parametric test T-
test or ANOVA and compare mean between two and
find differences.

● Non-parametric tests are used when continuous data


are not normally distributed or when dealing with
discrete variables. Most widely used are chi-
squared, Fisher's exact tests, Wilcoxon's matched
pairs, Mann–Whitney U-tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests and
Spearman rank correlation.

We can take examples of tests on whether customers


prefer quantity of a product with less price or good
quality with high price, by using rating scale and get
highly rated result. In such scenario we can use non
parametric tests

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