Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307

Department of Computer Applications

EXPERIMENT- 1

AIM: Write a program to Assembling and De assembling of computer system

OBJECTIVE: To understand how to assembling and De assembling of computer system

PREREQUISITES: Understanding of Components Familiarity with various computer hardware

components such as CPU, motherboard, RAM, GPU, storage devices (HDD/SSD), power supply unit
(PSU), and peripherals (keyboard, mouse, monitor).

EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TOOLS: - Screwdrivers, Antistatic Wrist Strap, Cable Ties, Flashlight,

Thermal Paste, Storage for Screws

THEORY :

1.Preparation:

 Shutting down the computer properly and disconnecting it from power sources.
 Removing peripherals and ensuring a clear workspace for component removal.

2 .Component Removal:

 Disconnecting and removing components such as GPU, RAM, storage devices, and PSU cables.
 Unscrewing and removing the motherboard from the case, ensuring all screws and standoffs are
accounted for.

3. Cleaning and Maintenance:

 Using compressed air or a dust blower to clean dust from components and inside the case.
 Inspecting components for signs of wear or damage, such as bent pins on the CPU socket.

4. Reassembly Considerations:

 Checking for updates or upgrades to components (e.g., BIOS updates, new CPU cooler
installation).
 Ensuring all necessary tools and components are ready for reassembly.

5. Storage and Organization:

 Storing removed components safely in antistatic bags or containers to prevent damage from
static electricity.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Before We discuss the Assembling of computer system first be need to understand that what is a Computer
system?
A computer system primarily comprises a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices
and storage devices. All these components function together as a single unit to deliver the desired output.

A Step-by-Step Guide to Personal Computer Assembly and Disassembly

1. The Parts of a Computer

2. How to Assemble a Computer
3. How to Disassemble a Computer

Parts of Computer System

The computer system is made up of following external devices:

● CPU cabinet
● Monitor
● Keyboard

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● Mouse
Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

● Printer/scanner (if attached)

How to Assemble a Computer

The assembling of the computer system is exactly the opposite of disassembling operation. Before starting
assembling the computer system, make sure you have the screws and a screwdriver for those.

Step 1: Mount the Processor

The first step for assembling the computer system starts with mounting the processor on the processor
socket of the motherboard. To mount the process, you don't need to apply any force. The special ZIF (zero
insertion force) sockets are usually used to prevent any damage to the processor pins. Once the processor
is mounted, the heat sink will be attached on top of the processor. The CPU fan is also attached on top of
the heat sink.

Step 2: Fix the Motherboard in the Tower Case

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Department of Computer Applications

Now the motherboard is to be fixed vertically in the tower case and the screws are fixed from behind of
the motherboard.

Step 3: Connect the Power Supply

Now line up the power supply at the top back end of the cabinet and screw it. The power connectors for
motherboard power supply and CPU fan power supply are to be connected. If the cabinet cooling FAN is
required then it is to be screwed at the back end grill of the cabinet and its power connector is to be
connected from SMPS.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Step 4: Install the Drives

Install the CD/DVD drives at the top front end of the cabinet and screw it. Install the Hard disk drive and
floppy disk drive below CD/DVD drive and screw it. Make sure once screwed there is no vibration in either
of the CD/DVD, hard disk or floppy disk drives.

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Department of Computer Applications

Step 5: Connect Cables

Now select the appropriate data cable and connect one end of the cable to its drive socket and another end
at its appropriate connector on the motherboard. For SATA hard disk drive or CD/DVD drives use SATA
cable and its power cable, else use IDE data cable. Do the proper jumper settings as per the usage
requirement.

Step 6: Mount the Memory Modules

It is time now to mount the memory modules on the motherboard by aligning the RAM to its socket on the
motherboard and press it downward. Make sure the side tab are fixed into the RAM notch. If not, you may
still have to press a bit.

Step 7: Install the Internal Cards

Install the internal cards to its socket and attach the cables or power cable to it. The selection of right
socket or slot is required as per the type of socket.

Step 8: Cover the Tower

Cover the tower by placing it and pressing towards front side and screw it.

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Department of Computer Applications

Step 9: Connect the External Devices and Power

Connect the external devices with CPU at its appropriate socket. It includes mouse and keyboard at PS2 or
USB connectors. Monitor at the video output socket. Connect the power cable to the back of tower in SMPS.
Plug in the power cable to the electric board.

How to De assemble a Computer

Follow these seven steps carefully.

Step 1: Detach the Power Cable

The disassembling of the computer system starts with externally connected device detachment. Make sure
the computer system is turned off, if not then successfully shut down the system and then start detaching
the external devices from the computer system. It includes removing the power cable from electricity
switchboard, then remove the cable from SMPS (switch mode power supply) from the back of the CPU
Cabinet. Do not start the disassembling without detaching the power cable from the computer system.
Now remove the remaining external devices like keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer or scanner from the
back of CPU cabinet.

Step 2: Remove the Cover

The standard way of removing tower cases used to be to undo the screws on the back of the case, slide the
cover back about an inch and lift it off. The screwdrivers as per the type of screw are required to do the
task.

Step 3: Remove the Adapter Cards

Make sure if the card has any cables or wires that might be attached and decide if it would be easier to
remove them before or after you remove the card. Remove the screw if any, that holds the card in place.
Grab the card by its edges, front and back, and gently rock it lengthwise to release it.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Step 4: Remove the Drives

Removing drives is easier. There can be possibly three types of drives present in your computer system,
Hard disk drive, CD/DVD/Blu-ray drives, floppy disk drives (almost absolute now a day). They usually
have a power connector and a data cable attached from the device to a controller card or a connector on
the motherboard. CD/DVD/Blu-ray drive may have an analog cable connected to the sound card for direct
audio output.

The power may be attached using one of two connectors, a Molex connector or a Berg connector for the
drive. The Molex connector may require to be wiggled slightly from side to side and apply gentle pressure
outwards. The Berg connector may just pull out or it may have a small tab which has to be lifted with a
screwdriver.

Now pull data cables off from the drive as well as motherboard connector. The hard disk drive and
CD/DVD drives have two types of data cables. IDE and SATA cables. The IDE cables need better care while
being removed as it may cause the damage to drive connector pins. Gently wiggle the cable sideways and
remove it. The SATA cables can be removed easily by pressing the tab and pulling the connector straight
back.

Now remove the screws and slide the drive out the back of the bay.

Step 5: Remove the Memory Module

Memory modules are mounted on the motherboard as the chips that can be damaged by manual force if
applied improperly. Be careful and handle the chip only by the edges. SIMMs and DIMMs are removed in a
different way:

● SIMM - Gently push back the metal tabs while holding the SIMM chips in the socket. Tilt the SIMM chip
away from the tabs until a 45% angle. It will now lift out of the socket. Put SIMM in a safe place.
● DIMM - There are plastic tabs on the end of the DIMM sockets. Press the tabs down and away from the
socket. The DIMM will lift slightly. Now grab it by the edges and place it safely. Do not let the chips get dust
at all.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Step 6: Remove the Power Supply

The power supply is attached into tower cabinet at the top back end of the tower. Make sure the power
connector is detached from the switchboard. Start removing the power connector connected to
motherboard including CPU fan power connector, cabinet fan, the front panel of cabinet power buttons
and all the remaining drives if not detached yet.

Now remove the screws of SMPS from the back of the cabinet and the SMPS can be detached from the
tower cabinet.

Step 7: Remove the Motherboard

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Before removing all the connectors from the motherboard, make sure you memorize the connectors for
assembling the computer if required, as that may require connecting the connectors at its place. Remove
the screws from the back of the motherboard and you will be able to detach it from the cabinet. Now
remove the CPU fan from the motherboard. The heat sink will be visible now which can be removed by the
pulling the tab upward. Finally, the processor is visible now, which can be removed by the plastic tab
which can be pulled back one stretching it side wa

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Department of Computer Applications

OUTPUT:

 Efficiency and Safety: Both processes contribute to efficient system management and ensure safe
handling of delicate electronic components.
 Cost-effectiveness: Allows for cost-effective maintenance and upgrades rather than replacing
entire systems.
 Environmental Impact: Promotes sustainability by extending the life cycle of components
through maintenance and reuse.

CONCLUSION:

Assembling and disassembling a computer system are integral processes that empower individuals with
practical skills, customization capabilities, and efficient maintenance practices. These processes not only
result in functional and optimized computer systems but also foster a deeper understanding of technology
and its components. Whether building a new system or upgrading an existing one, these skills contribute
to personal and professional development in the realm of computer hardware management. Embracing
these processes ensures individuals are well-equipped to navigate the complexities of modern technology
and harness its full potential.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

SAMPLE VIVA-VOVE QUESTIONS:

1. What are the main components required to assemble a computer system?
2. What is the purpose of the BIOS/UEFI in a computer system?
3. Explain the difference between SSD and HDD.
4. What precautions should you take when handling a CPU during installation?
5. How do you apply thermal paste, and why is it important?

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

EXPERIMENT- 2

AIM: Write a program to Loading and configuration procedure of Microsoft Client o/s Win
xp/Win7 and Window 8.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how to Loading and configuration procedure of Microsoft Client o/s Win
xp/Win7 and Window 8.

PREREQUISITES:
 Processor: 1 GHz with PAE, NX, and SSE2 support
 RAM: 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
 RAM: 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
 Hard Disk: 16 GB for 32-bit or 20 GB for 64-bit
 Graphics: DirectX 9 with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver DVD-ROM drive or USB port


EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TOOLS: -

Category Tools/Equipment

Hardware Requirements Computer, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, DVD/USB

Drive

Installation Media Windows Installation Disc/USB

Software Tools BIOS/UEFI, DiskPart, Rufus, Sysprep

Networking Tools ping, tracert, ipconfig, Remote Desktop

Security Tools Antivirus Software, Windows Firewall

Configuration Tools Control Panel, Ninite

Documentation/Licensing Product Key, User Manuals

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Department of Computer Applications

THEORY :
 Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI): Replaces BIOS in many systems, offering faster startup
and better security features.
 Windows Boot Manager:

 Graphical Boot Options Menu: Offers a new user-friendly interface for selecting boot options.
 BCD: As in Windows 7, it contains the boot configuration parameters.

 Winload.efi/Winload.exe: Responsible for loading the kernel and essential drivers.

 Fast Startup: Combines elements of shutdown and hibernate to reduce boot time.
 Kernel Initialization, Session Initialization, Explorer Initialization

Window Xp:Boot From the Windows XP CD

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Department of Computer Applications

Press F6 to Install a Third Party Driver

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Department of Computer Applications

Press ENTER to Set Up Windows X

Read and Accept the Windows XP Licensing Agreement

Pres ESC to Install a Fresh Copy of Windows XP

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Department of Computer Applications

Delete the Existing Windows XP Partition

Confirm Knowledge of the System Partition

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Department of Computer Applications

Wait for the New Partition to Format

Wait for the Windows XP Installation Files to Copy

Windows XP Installation Begins

Choose Regional and Language Options

Enter Your Name and Organization

Enter a Computer Name and Administrator Password

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Department of Computer Applications

Set the Date and Time

Choose the Networking Settings

Wait for the Windows XP Installation to Finalize

Wait for Restart and First Windows XP Boot

Accept Automatic Display Settings Adjustment

Begin Final Set up of Windows XP

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Department of Computer Applications

Choose an Internet Connection Method

Choose an Internet Connection Method

Create Initial User Accounts

Finish Final Setup of Windows XP

Wait for Windows XP to Start

Windows XP Clean Installation Is Complete!

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 How to Clean Install Windows 7/8

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Department of Computer Applications

Set the Date and Time

Choose the Networking Settings

Wait for the Windows XP Installation to Finalize

Wait for Restart and First Windows XP Boot

Accept Automatic Display Settings Adjustment

Begin Final Set up of Windows XP

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Boot From the Windows 7 DVD or USB Device

Wait for Windows 7 Installation Files to Load

Wait for Windows 7 Setup to Finish Loading

Choose Language and Other Preferences

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Department of Computer Applications

Select the Install Now Button

Wait for Windows 7 Setup to Begin

Accept the Windows 7 License Terms

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Department of Computer Applications

Choose the Type of Windows 7 Installation to Complete

Show the Windows 7 Advanced Drive Options

Delete the Partition Windows Is Installed On

Confirm the Partition Deletion

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Choose a Physical Location to Install Windows 7/8 On

Wait While Windows 7 Is Installed

Restart Your Computer

Wait for Windows 7 Setup to Begin Again

Wait for Windows 7 Setup to Update Registry Settings

Wait for Windows 7 Setup to Start Services

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Department of Computer Applications

Wait for Your PC to Automatically Restart

Wait for Windows 7/8 to Prepare Your PC for First Use

Choose a User Name and a Computer Name

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Choose a Password to Access Windows 7

Enter the Windows 7 Product Key

Choose a Windows Update Option

Choose the Correct Time Zone, Date, and Time

Choose a Network Location

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Department of Computer Applications

Wait for Windows 7 to Connect to the Network

Wait for Windows 7 to Prepare the Desktop

Your Windows 7 Clean Install Is Complete!

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

SAMPLE VIVA-VOVE QUESTIONS:

1. What are the minimum hardware requirements for installing Windows XP?
2. Describe the installation process of Windows XP using a bootable CD.
3. What are the different installation modes available in Windows XP?
4. How do you change the default apps for file types in Windows 8?

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

EXPERIMENT- 3

AIM: Write a program to Installation of Utility Tools (Drivers)

OBJECTIVE: To understand how Installation of Utility Tools (Drivers)

EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TOOLS: -

 Windows Update: Automatically updates drivers and provides patches.

 Device Manager: Built into Windows, used for managing hardware and updating drivers.
 Driver Booster: Scans and updates outdated drivers.
 Snappy Driver Installer: An open-source tool for installing and updating drivers offline.
 DriverPack Solution: Automatically selects and installs the required drivers.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Device Drivers

A device driver is a computer program that controls a particular device that is connected to your
computer. Typical devices are keyboards, printers, scanners, digital cameras and external storage devices.
Each of these need a driver in order to work properly.

Device drivers act as a translator between the operating system of the computer and the device connected
to it. For many types of devices, the necessary drivers are built into the operating system. When you plug
in a device, the operating system starts looking for the right driver, installs it and you are ready to start
using the device. This is referred to as plug-and-play and is much preferred over having to manually install
the correct drivers.

There are so many different devices, however, that not all of them are built into the operating system. As
an alternative, the operating system can look online to find the right driver to install. Many hardware
devices, however, come with the necessary drivers. For example, if you buy a printer, it may come with a
CD that typically will include the correct driver. The advantage of this is that the hardware manufacturer
can make sure you have the right driver for the printer.

Step By Step Guide To Install Printer Driver manually:

Download the Basic Driver

Download the basic driver from the web. In this tutorial, we are going to install Canon LBP 2900 printer on
Windows 10 computer.

First, right-click on My computer and go to “Manage“.

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Department of Computer Applications

Then click on “Device Manager“

Now you will see several options on the right hand side, click on “Other devices“

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

You will find the printer here, right-click on your printer name and click on “Update Driver
Software

Now click on “Browse my computer for driver software

Now click on “Let me pick from the list of device drivers on my computer“.

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Department of Computer Applications

Now you will see a list of devices on the screen, just press “P” and then select “Printer” and
click Next.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Now click on “Have Disk…

Then click on Browse.

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Department of Computer Applications

Now locate the printer basic driver that we have extracted in step 2. Here, look forward to the .INF
file name. For this particular printer, select CNAB4STK.INF file and click on open.

Then select your printer model number from the list of drivers in this window. Then click on Next.

Type the printer name you want to set and click on Next and wait while installing it manually.

Finally, click on Finish.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Device Drivers

A device driver is a computer program that controls a particular device that is connected to your
computer. Typical devices are keyboards, printers, scanners, digital cameras and external storage devices.
Each of these need a driver in order to work properly.

Device drivers act as a translator between the operating system of the computer and the device connected
to it. For many types of devices, the necessary drivers are built into the operating system. When you plug
in a device, the operating system starts looking for the right driver, installs it and you are ready to start
using the device. This is referred to as plug-and-play and is much preferred over having to manually install
the correct drivers.

There are so many different devices, however, that not all of them are built into the operating system. As
an alternative, the operating system can look online to find the right driver to install. Many hardware
devices, however, come with the necessary drivers. For example, if you buy a printer, it may come with a
CD that typically will include the correct driver. The advantage of this is that the hardware manufacturer
can make sure you have the right driver for the printer.

Step By Step Guide To Install Printer Driver manually:

Download the Basic Driver

Download the basic driver from the web. In this tutorial, we are going to install Canon LBP 2900 printer on
Windows 10 computer.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

First, right-click on My computer and go to “Manage“.

Then click on “Device Manager“

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Now you will see several options on the right hand side, click on “Other devices“

You will find the printer here, right-click on your printer name and click on “Update Driver Software

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

Now click on “Browse my computer for driver software

Now click on “Let me pick from the list of device drivers on my computer“.

Now you will see a list of devices on the screen, just press “P” and then select “Printer” and click Next.

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Department of Computer Applications

Now click on “Have Disk…

Then click on Browse.

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Department of Computer Applications

Now locate the printer basic driver that we have extracted in step 2. Here, look forward to the .INF file
name. For this particular printer, select CNAB4STK.INF file and click on open.

Then select your printer model number from the list of drivers in this window. Then click on Next.

Type the printer name you want to set and click on Next and wait while installing it manually.

Finally, click on Finish.

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

SAMPLE VIVA-VOVE QUESTIONS:

1. What is a driver, and why is it necessary for operating a computer system?

2. Can you explain the difference between a device driver and a utility tool?
3. What are the common types of drivers found in a computer system?
4. How does an operating system typically manage and use drivers?

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 Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307
Department of Computer Applications

EXPERIMENT- 4

AIM: Write a program to Installation of Utility Tools(Software)

OBJECTIVE: To understand how Installation of Utility Tools (Software)

EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TOOLS: -

 Computer or Laptop: Essential for running installation tasks.

 External Hard Drive: For backups and large installations.
 USB Flash Drives: To transfer and install software on systems without direct internet access.
 Router and Network Cables: For network installations and downloads.
 Label Printer: For tagging devices and cables.
 Multi-port USB Hub: For connecting multiple devices.

Installation of Utility Tools(Software)

• The Utility Software is system software that helps to maintain the proper and smooth functioning
of a Computer System.
• It assists the Operating System to manage, organize, maintain, and optimize the functioning of the
computer system.
• Utility Software performs certain tasks like virus detection, installation, and uninstallation, data
backup, deletion of unwanted files, etc.
• Some examples are antivirus software, file management tools, compression tools, disk
management tools, etc.

TYPES OF UTITLITY SOFTWARE

ANTIVIRUS

• An antivirus is a utility software that helps to keep the computer virus-free.

• Moreover, it notifies when any malicious file is detected and removes such files.
• In addition, it scans any new device attached to the computer and discards any virus if
there. Moreover, it also scans the system from time to time for any threats and disposes of them
• . Examples of antivirus are avast McAfee Antivirus, Quickheal Antivirus, Windows Defender, etc.
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File Management System:

These utility software are used to manage files of the computer system. Since files are an important part
of the system as all the data is stored in the files. Therefore, this utility software help to browse, search,
arrange, find information, and quickly preview the files of the system.

Disk Management Tools:

• These utility software are used to manage data on disks.

• Moreover, they perform functions like partitioning devices, manage drives, etc.
• Examples of disk management tools are MiniTool Partition Wizard, Paragon Partition Manager, etc.

Disk Cleanup Tools:

• This utility software helps to free up the disk space.

• In addition, the files which are no longer in use are removed from the disk.
• Examples are Razer Cortex, Piriform Cleaner, etc.

Backup Utility:

• This utility software helps to back up the files, folders, databases, or complete disks.
• Moreover, backup refers to duplicating the disk information so that the data can be restored if any
data loss happens.

• Install Avast Free Antivirus”

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Download the Avast Free Antivirus setup file from web, and save it in a familiar location on your PC (by
default, downloaded files are saved to your Downloads folder).

Right-click the downloaded setup file and select Run as administrator from the context menu.

AVAST_FREE_ANTIVIRUS_SETUP_ONLINE.EXE

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If prompted for permission by the User Account Control dialog, click Yes.

Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307

Department of Computer Applications

To change the default setup language, click the current language in the top-right corner of the screen.
Then, click Install to proceed with default installation, or click Customize if you need to make changes to
the default setup

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Wait while setup installs Avast Free Antivirus on your PC.

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When the installation is complete, click Continue

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SAMPLE VIVA-VOVE QUESTIONS:

1. What is a utility tool in software?

2. What are the common types of utility software?
3. Can you explain the general steps involved in installing software on a Windows/Linux/Mac
system?
4. Describe the role of environment variables in software installation.

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EXPERIMENT- 5

AIM: Write a program to Firewall configuration, Antivirus/Internet security loading and configuration
Procedure
OBJECTIVE: To understand how to Firewall configuration, Antivirus/Internet security loading and
configuration Procedure

PREREQUISITES:
 Define Security Policies: Determine what traffic needs to be allowed or blocked based on the
organization's security policies.
 Understand Network Topology: Know your network layout, including IP addressing schemes,
subnets, and devices.
 Regulatory Compliance: Ensure configuration complies with relevant regulations (e.g., GDPR,
HIPAA).

EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TOOLS: - Screwdrivers, Antistatic Wrist Strap, Cable Ties, Flashlight,

Thermal Paste, Storage for Screws

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A firewall is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and permits
or blocks data packets based on a set of security rules. Its purpose is to establish a barrier between your
internal network and incoming traffic from external sources (such as the internet) in order to block
malicious traffic like viruses and hackers.

How Firewall Works?:

Firewalls carefully analyze incoming traffic based on pre-established rules and filter traffic coming from
unsecured or suspicious sources to prevent attacks. Firewalls guard traffic at a computer’s entry point,
called ports, which is where information is exchanged with external devices.

Types of firewalls:

Firewalls can either be software or hardware, though it’s best to have both. A software firewall is a
program installed on each computer and regulates traffic through port numbers and applications, while a
physical firewall is a piece of equipment installed between your network and gateway.

The most common firewall types based on methods of operation are:

Packet-filtering firewalls

Proxy firewalls

NAT firewalls

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Packet-filtering firewalls

Packet-filtering firewalls, the most basic firewall type, examine packets and prevent them from moving on
if the specific security rule is not met. This firewall's function is to perform a simple check of all data
packets arriving from the network router and inspecting the specifics like source and destination IP
address, port number, protocol, and other surface-level data.

Proxy firewalls

Proxy firewalls, also known as application-level firewalls, filter network traffic at the application layer of
the OSI network model. As an intermediary between two systems, proxy firewalls monitor traffic at the
application layer (protocols at this layer include HTTP and FTP). To detect malicious traffic, both stateful
and deep packet inspection are leveraged.

NAT firewalls
Network address translation (NAT) firewalls work by assigning a public address to a group of devices
inside a private network. With NAT, individual IP addresses are hidden. Therefore, attackers scanning for
IP addresses on a network are prevented from discovering specific details.

Web application firewalls

Web application firewalls (WAF) are responsible for filtering, monitoring, and blocking data packets as
they travel in and out of websites or web applications. A WAF can either reside on the network, at the host
or in the cloud and is typically placed in front of one or many websites or applications. WAFs are available
as server plugins, cloud services, or network appliances.

Configuring Firewall On windows 10

It's important to have Microsoft Defender Firewall on, even if you already have another firewall on. It
helps protect you from unauthorized access.
1)To turn Microsoft Defender Firewall on or off:
Select the Start button > Settings > Update & Security > Windows Security and then Firewall & network
protection. Open Windows Security settings

2)Select a network profile.

3)Under Microsoft Defender Firewall, switch the setting to On. If your device is connected to a network,
network policy settings might prevent you from completing these steps. For more info, contact your
administrator.

4)To turn it off, switch the setting to Off. Turning off Microsoft Defender Firewall could make your device
(and network, if you have one) more vulnerable to unauthorized access. If there's an app you need to use
that's being blocked, you can allow it through the firewall, instead of turning the firewall off.

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SAMPLE VIVA-VOVE QUESTIONS:

1. What is a firewall, and what are its primary functions?

2. Describe the process of setting up an inbound/outbound rule.
3. How do you monitor and log traffic through a firewall?
4. Explain how to set up real-time protection and its significance.
5. Describe how to perform a full system scan and handle detected threats.

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EXPERIMENT- 6

AIM: Write a program to Installation and configuration of I/O devices – Printers, Webcams, Scanners.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how to Installation and configuration of I/O devices – Printers, Webcams,
Scanners

PREREQUISITES: Understanding of Components Familiarity with various computer hardware

components such as CPU, motherboard, RAM, GPU, storage devices (HDD/SSD), power supply unit (PSU),
and peripherals (keyboard, mouse, monitor).

EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TOOLS: -

 Printer: Ensure you have the correct model of the printer.

 Cables:
o USB Cable (for wired connection).
o Ethernet Cable (for networked printers).
o Power Cable.
 Paper: Ensure the printer has paper loaded.
 Ink/Toner Cartridges: Specific to the printer model.

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Installation Of printer:

Step By Step Guide To Install Printer Driver manually:

Download the Basic Driver

Download the basic driver from the web. In this tutorial, we are going to install Canon LBP
2900 printer on Windows 10 computer.

First, right-click on My computer and go to “Manage“.

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Then click on “Device Manager“

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Now you will see several options on the right hand side, click on “Other devices“

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You will find the printer here, right-click on your printer name and click on “Update Driver
Software

Now click on “Browse my computer for driver software

Now click on “Let me pick from the list of device drivers on my computer“.

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Now you will see a list of devices on the screen, just press “P” and then select “Printer” and
click Next.

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Now click on “Have Disk…

Then click on Browse.

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Now locate the printer basic driver that we have extracted in step 2. Here, look forward to
the .INF file name. For this particular printer, select CNAB4STK.INF file and click on open.

Then select your printer model number from the list of drivers in this window. Then click
on Next.

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 Type the printer name you want to set and click on Next and wait while installing it
manually.

Finally, click on Finish.

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Installation And Configuration of Webcam:

Connect a webcam to a laptop wirelessly

If you don’t have an extra USB port to connect your webcam to your laptop, you can still buy some
models that feature a built-in WiFi connection.
1. Connect: Connect your webcam directly to your router with an Ethernet cable. This step is
necessary to configure your device but you won’t need to leave the cable in after your webcam is
fully set up.
2. Configure: Set up the wireless feature of the webcam by using your home or office WiFi
network settings. This includes the SSID for your specific network and the security keys you need
to connect to your network. You’ll want to follow the on-screen constructions that came with
your webcam model.
3. Disconnect: Unplug the Ethernet cable from your router and webcam and allow the webcam
to connect to the WiFi network. Test out the video stream by accessing the camera on your laptop
and checking out its features.

Connect a webcam to a laptop via USB?

If you own a USB webcam, you’ll need to follow these instructions to get it up and running.
1. Connect the webcam to your laptop
● The webcam should have a USB cable that plugs directly into one of your computer’s USB ports.
If your cable doesn’t go in the first time, turn it 180 degrees for correct installation - USB cables
only go into the port in one orientation
● If you have a Mac, it’s likely you’ll need to invest in a USB to USB-C adapter in order to work
with a regular webcam

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2. Install the webcam’s software (if necessary). There may be a CD that came with your webcam
and if so, place it in your CD tray. If your webcam doesn’t have a CD player, you can usually find
the software and drivers on the webcam company’s website in the support pages. Before you
spend too much time hunting for the drivers online, try step 3 (below) since many models no
longer need to install software.
3. Wait for the setup page to open for your webcam. If your webcam didn’t have a startup CD that
came with it, it’s probably a plug-and-play model so the startup process should start
automatically
4. Follow any instructions on the screen
5. Press the Install button, then select your preferences and settings for the webcam
6. After the webcam installs, you’re ready to start adjusting and testing out your webcam. You
should test out the video stream and audio (if it has a mic) to ensure it’s working correctly

Installation of a Scanner

install the driver first before connecting your scanner.

1. Make sure that your computer is ON and you are logged on with Administrator rights.

2. Put the Installation DVD into your computer.

If you do not have the Installation DVD, please go to Downloads section of this website and
download Scanner Driver. First, follow the installation instructions on the download page. Once
the installation screen appears, follow the steps from STEP 5.
3. The installation screen will appear automatically. If prompted, choose your model and
language.

NOTE: If the installation screen does not appear automatically, click here to see how to
open the installation screen.

4. Choose Install Scanner Drive

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5) Click Next

6) Read the agreement and check the I accept box

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Click Next.

8)Click Complete

9) Click Install.

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 10. The SCANNER CONNECTION box will appear.
Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the installation.

Chandigarh School of Business, Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307

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SAMPLE VIVA-VOVE QUESTIONS

1. What are input/output (I/O) devices?
2. How do you install a new printer on a Windows computer?
3. How can you set up a printer for wireless printing?
4. How do you perform printer maintenance?
5. How can you use a webcam for video conferencing?

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EXPERIMENT- 7

AIM: Write a program to Installation and configuration of I/O devices – Digital Camera, USB Wi-fi,USB
BT, USB Storages, Projectors

OBJECTIVE: To understand how to Installation and configuration of I/O devices – Digital Camera, USB
Wi-fi,USB BT, USB Storages, Projectors

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PREREQUISITES: Understanding of Components Familiarity with various computer hardware
components such as CPU, motherboard, RAM, GPU, storage devices (HDD/SSD), power supply unit (PSU),
and peripherals (keyboard, mouse, monitor).

EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TOOLS: -

 Digital Camera: The device itself.

 USB Cable: To connect the camera to a computer.
 SD Card Reader: For accessing photos directly from the memory card.
 Tripod: For steady shots (optional).

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Connect your camera or card reader to your computer (placing your camera in Connect mode, if
necessary).

Select Automatic Port Detection in the wizard (see figure), then click Next.

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The Camera Selection window opens.

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Select your digital camera make and model in the Camera Manufacturer and Model lists; then click
Next.

Turn your connected camera on. Click Next.

To complete the Windows installation process, click Finished.

Installation Of USB WIFI Adapter:
Step 1

Insert the adapter onto your computer.

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Step 2

Right click Computer, and then click Manage.

Step 3

Open Device Manager. Right click the adapter and then click Update Driver Software....

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Step 4

Click Browse my computer for driver software.

Step 5

Click Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer.

Step 6

Highlight Show All Devices and click Next.

Step 7

Click Have Disk.

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Step 8

Click Browse.

Step 9

Point to the inf file in the driver folder, and then click Open.

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Step 10

Click Next.

Step 11

Click Install this driver software anyway.

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Step 12

Click Close.

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Installation of Projector:

1. Connect a projector device to your computer.

This is usually done by plugging a VGA or DVI cable into the video port on your computer.
2. Choose StartControl Panel and click the Connect to a Projector link in the Hardware and Sound settings.

Choose a display setting.

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 Click one of four display settings:
●

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Show Desktop Only On Computer Display uses your current display (on a laptop, that’s the display in
the lid).
● Duplicate Desktop on Projector shows your desktop on both your current display and a connected
projector.
● Extend Desktop to Projector splits the image between the two displays.
● Show Desktop Only on Projector turns off the current display and displays the desktop only on the
projector.
● The Projector settings window closes.
The new settings take effect immediately.

SAMPLE VIVA-VOVE QUESTIONS:

1. What are drivers and why are they important for I/O devices?
2. What is the role of a device manager in an operating system?
3. Describe the process of connecting a digital camera to a computer.
4. How do you install a USB Wi-Fi adapter?
5. What are the advantages of using a USB Wi-Fi adapter over a built-in wireless card?

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EXPERIMENT- 8

AIM: Write a program to Multiple OS loading and trouble shooting

OBJECTIVE: To understand how to Multiple OS loading and trouble shooting

PREREQUISITES: Understanding of Components Familiarity with various computer hardware

components such as CPU, motherboard, RAM, GPU, storage devices (HDD/SSD), power supply unit (PSU),
and peripherals (keyboard, mouse, monitor).

EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TOOLS: -
USB Drives

 Purpose: Bootable media creation for OS installation.

 Recommended Capacity: At least 16GB, preferably 32GB or more for modern OSes.
 Examples: SanDisk Ultra Flair, Kingston DataTraveler.

External Hard Drives/SSDs

 Purpose: Data backup, OS installation storage, and running portable OSes.

 Recommended Capacity: At least 500GB.
 Examples: Samsung T7 Portable SSD, WD My Passport.
 Most computers ship with a single operating system, but you can have multiple operating systems
installed on a single PC. Having two operating systems installed — and choosing between them at
boot time — is known as “dual-booting.


 Your computer’s operating system is generally installed on its internal hard drive. When you boot
your computer, the BIOS loads the boot loader from the hard drive and the boot loader boots the

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 installed operating system.

 There’s no limit to the number of operating systems you he installed — you’re not just limited to a
single one

 Follow These Steps if you have window 7/8 intalled on your system:
 irst, you’ll need to make space for Windows 10 on your hard drive. If you have two different hard
drives in your computer and one of them is empty, you can skip this part. But you’ll probably want
to install Windows 10 alongside Windows 7 or 8 on the same hard drive.

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 Whether you’re using Windows 7 or 8, you can use the Disk Management utility to do this. Press
Windows Key + R, type diskmgmt.msc into the Run dialog, and press Enter to launch it.

 Locate your system partition — that’s probably the C: partition. Right-click it and select “Shrink
Volume.” If you have multiple partitions on your hard drive, you could also choose to resize a
different partition to free up space.

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  oo

 Shrink the volume to free up enough space for your Windows 10 system. Microsoft says Windows
10 has the same system requirements as Windows 8, and the 64-bit version of Windows 8.1
requires at least 20 GB of hard drive space. You’ll probably want more than that.


 After shrinking the partition, you can continue the process.

 Download Windows 10 and Boot the Installer

 Download a Windows 10 ISO file and either burn it to a DVD or make a bootable USB flash drive.
Microsoft’s Windows USB/DVD Download Tool still works well, and will let you image a Windows
10 ISO file onto a USB drive.

 Leave the DVD or USB drive in your computer and reboot. It should automatically boot into the

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Windows 10 installer. If it doesn’t, you may need to change the boot order in your BIOS. If you have a
Windows 8 computer that comes with the newer UEFI firmware, you’ll need to use Windows 8’s advanced
boot menu to select your USB drive or DVD drive when you boot your computer.

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 Step By Step Procedure for Installalling Windows 10 Alongside Windows 7 or 8

 Go through the Windows 10 installation process normally. Select your language and
keyboard layout and then click “Install now.”

 fter agreeing to the license agreement, click the “Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)”
installation option. Upgrading would upgrade your existing Windows 7 or 8 system to the
Windows 10 Technical Preview. Custom lets you install Windows 10 alongside an existing copy of
Windows.

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 

 fter agreeing to the license agreement, click the “Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)”
installation option. Upgrading would upgrade your existing Windows 7 or 8 system to the
Windows 10 Technical Preview. Custom lets you install Windows 10 alongside an existing copy of
Windows.

 fter agreeing to the license agreement, click the “Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)”
installation option. Upgrading would upgrade your existing Windows 7 or 8 system to the
Windows 10 Technical Preview. Custom lets you install Windows 10 alongside an existing copy of
Windows.

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 You’ll be taken to the “Where do you want to install Windows?” screen, which
handles partitioning. You’ll see an “Unallocated Space” option here, assuming you resized
your existing Windows partition to free up space earlier. Select it and click New to create a
new partition in the empty space.

 The Windows installer will create a new partition and select it for you. Click Next to install
Windows 10 on that new partition

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SAMPLE VIVA-VOVE QUESTIONS:

1. What are the common methods to install multiple operating systems on a single computer?
2. Explain the concept of dual-booting. How does it work?
3. What considerations should be taken into account when partitioning a disk for multiple operating
systems?
4. Outline the general steps you would take to troubleshoot a dual-boot setup that is failing to
load one of the installed operating systems.
5. How would you diagnose and fix a boot loader issue (e.g., GRUB, Windows Boot Manager) in
a dual-boot configuration?
6.

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