22/05/2024

ANGLES OF MEASUREMENTS
1 revolution = 360° = 2π rad = 400 grads = 6400 mils
Complementary Angles – 2 angles whose sum is 90°
Supplementary Angles – 2 angles whose sum is 180°
Explementary Angles – 2 angles whose sum is 360°
Bridge Course
E
D C
B
F A

Sample Problems:
ANGLES OF MEASUREMENTS
1. The supplement of a certain angle is seven times its complement.
1 revolution = 360° = 2π rad = 400 grads = 6400 mils The explement of the angle is ______.
Complementary Angles – 2 angles whose sum is 90°
(a) 285° (b) 75° (c) 105° (d) 15°
Supplementary Angles – 2 angles whose sum is 180°
Explementary Angles – 2 angles whose sum is 360° 180° - x = 7 (90° – x)
Angle: x
180° - x = 630° – 7x
E CE BOARD MAY 2017: Supplement: 180° - x
C Two angles whose sum is 3600. 7x - x = 630° - 180°
D Complement: 90° - x
B A. Conjugate angle x = 75°
F A B. Complement angle
C. Supplement angle
Explement = 360° - x = 360° - 75°
D. Reflection angle
Explement = 285°
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2. The sum of two angles is 1600 mils and their difference is 40 grads. RIGHT TRIANGLE FORMULAS
Find the value of the bigger angle in degrees.
𝑎 𝑐 B
360° sin θ = csc θ = SOH-CAH-TOA
Let: x = first angle x + y = 1600 mils x 𝑐 𝑎
6400 mils
y = second angle hypotenuse opposite
360° 𝑏 𝑐 c a
x - y = 40 grads x cos θ = sec θ =
400 grads 𝑐 𝑏
(method of elimination)
A
θ
x + y = 90° Using Eqn. 1: 𝑎 𝑏 C
63° + y = 90° tan θ = cot θ = b
x - y = 36° 𝑏 𝑎 adjacent

2x = 126° y = 27°
Pythagorean Theorem
x = 63° Therefore:
Bigger Angle = 63° 𝑐 =𝑎 +𝑏

4. Given the following relations:

3. If 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = , then 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 is _______. r cos A cos B = 4 𝑒𝑞. 1 A. 3.27 C. 7.07
r cos A sin B = 3 𝑒𝑞. 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) r sin A = 5 𝑒𝑞. 3
B. 5.37 D. 9.57
Find the value of r.
𝑥 r cos A sin B 3 r sin A 5
tan θ = 𝑒𝑞. 2
=
𝑒𝑞. 3
=
3 cos θ = ??? 𝑒𝑞. 1 r cos A cos B 4 𝑒𝑞. 2 r cos A sin B 3
c 3 tan A 5
SOH-CAH-TOA x 3 tan B =
4 sin B
=
3
r sin A = 5
( cos θ) = ( ) r sin 45° = 5
θ 𝑥 +9 3 tan A
=
5
B = tan ( ) r = 5 2 = 7.07 units
3 4 sin36.87° 3
9 5
c2 = 𝑥 + 3 cos θ = B = 36.87° tan A = sin 36.87°
𝑥 +9 3
A = 45°
𝑐= 𝑥 +9
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5. As shown in the figure, a frame is braced by wires AC and BD. Find the length of each wire. 5. As shown in the figure, a frame is braced by wires AC and BD. Find the length of each wire.

Right Triangle ADC: Right Triangle ADC:

15.4 15.4
opposite sin 31.6° = adjacent sin 31.6° =
AC AC

AC = 29.39 ft = BD AC = 29.39 ft = BD

Right Triangle ADC: 15.4

cos 58.4° =
AC
Angle C = 180° − 90°− 31.6°
Angle C = 58.4° AC = 29.39 ft = BD

FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS

B
A. Reciprocal Relations C. Pythagorean Relations
From the Pythagorean theorem: c a
1 1 1
csc θ = sec θ = cot θ =
sin θ cos θ tan θ 𝑎 +𝑏 =𝑐
A
θ
b C
B. Quotient Relations
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐
sin θ cos θ + =1 +1= 1+ =
tan θ = cot θ = 𝑐 𝑐 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
cos θ sin θ
sin θ + cos θ = 1 tan θ + 1 = sec θ 1 + cot θ = csc θ
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TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

A. Co-function C. Sum and Difference of Two Angles
D. Double Angle
sin 90° − θ = cos θ sin 𝐴 + 𝐵 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵
sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ 2 tan θ
cos 90° − θ = sin θ sin 𝐴 − 𝐵 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 tan 2θ =
1 − tan θ
tan 90° − θ = cot θ cos 𝐴 + 𝐵 = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 cos 2θ = cos θ − sin θ
cot 90° − θ = tan θ cos 𝐴 − 𝐵 = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
E. Half-Angle
B. Even-odd tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵
tan 𝐴 + 𝐵 = θ 1 − cos θ θ 1 + cos θ θ 1 − cos θ
sin −θ = −sin θ 1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 sin = ± cos =± tan = ±
2 2 2 2 2 1 + cos θ
cos −θ = cos θ tan 𝐴 − tan 𝐵
tan 𝐴 − 𝐵 =
1 + tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
tan −θ = −tan θ

6. What is 𝑥 + 2𝑦 equal to if 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝑦? 7. A, B and C are the interior angles of a triangle. If
(a) 90° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 30° (tanA)(tanB)(tanC) = 8.2424 and tanA + tanB = 2.5712, what is the
value of tanC?
x + 2y = ? x=? y=?
For a triangle: tan A tan B tan C = tan A + tan B + tan C
sin (3x) = cos (6y) sin → cos cos → sin 0
A + B + C = 180° tan A  tan B tan 1800  tan C
(either of the two) =
Co-function Identities: tan (A + B ) = tan ( 180° - C ) 1  tan A tan B 1  tan 180 0 tan C 0
sin (3x) = sin (90° – 6y)
sin θ = cos (90° – θ) Identities: tan A + tan B = -tan C + tan A tan B tan C
3x = 90° - 6y tan A  tan B
cos θ = sin (90° – θ) tan( A  B)  tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
3x + 6y = 90° 1  tan A tan B
cot θ = tan (90° – θ) 3 2.5712 + tan C = 8.2424
3 tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
x + 2y = 30° 1  tan A tan B tan C = 5.6712
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8. Evaluate:
2 sin  cos   cos 
OBLIQUE TRIANGLE FORMULAS
2 2
1  sin   sin   cos  Sine Law B
A. sin θ C. cos θ
B. tan θ D. cot θ
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= =
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶 c a
cos θ (2 sin θ − 1) 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 θ:
=
1 − cos θ + sin θ − sin θ 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒: θ = 10° Cosine Law
𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ
𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴 A C
cos θ (2 sin θ − 1)
=
2 sin 10° cos 10° − cos 10°
= 5.6713 b
=
2sin θ − sin θ 1 − sin 10° + sin 10° − cos 10°
𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵
cos θ (2 sin θ − 1) sin 10° = 0.1736 cos 10° = 0.9848
= 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶
sin θ(2 sin θ − 1) tan 10° = 0.1763 cot 10° = 5.6713
= cot θ  cot θ

9. Two links, AC and BC, are pivoted at C, as shown in figure. How far apart 10. Given the figure below, find the angles B and C, and side b, on the gusset plate.
are A and B when angle ACB is 66.3°? a c
Sine Law: =
sin A sin C
525 412
=
c sin 35.2° sin C
Cosine Law:
Angle C = 26.9°
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cos C b
66.3°

c2 = 22.82 + 35.62 - 2(22.8)(35.6)cos 66.3° a

c = 33.69 cm
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10. Given the figure below, find the angles B and C, and side b, on the gusset plate. 10. Given the figure below, find the angles B and C, and side b, on the gusset plate.
a c a c
Sine Law: = Sine Law: =
sin A sin C sin A sin C

412 525 412

525 =
= sin 35.2° sin C
sin 35.2° sin C
Angle C = 26.9°
Angle C = 26.9°
a b
=
sin A sin B
Angle B = 180° − 35.2° − 26.9° Angle B = 180° − 35.2° − 26.9° 525 b
=
Angle B = 117.9° Angle B = 117.9° sin 35.2° sin 117.9°
b = 804.9 cm

10. Given the figure below, find the angles B and C, and side b, on the gusset plate.
a c 11. Given a triangle ABC, how many possible triangle/s can
Sine Law: =
sin A sin C be formed for the following conditions:
525 412 AB = 18m, AC = 25m, Angle C = 42°
=
sin 35.2° sin C
12. Given two sides and an angle of a triangle ABC:
Angle C = 26.9°
AB = 40cm AC = 35cm Angle B = 65°.
Cosine Law: How many distinct triangle/s can be formed?
b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac cos B
Angle B = 180° − 35.2° − 26.9° b2 = 5252 + 4122 - 2(525)(412) cos 117.9°
13. In triangle ABC, AB = 11cm, BC = 5.4cm and Angle C =
Angle B = 117.9°
154°. How many triangle/s can be made?
b = 804.9 cm
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Solution of Oblique Triangles

11. Given a triangle ABC, how many possible triangle/s can be
Case IV: Ambiguous Case
formed for the following conditions:
- there may be TWO solutions, ONE solution, or NO solution AB = 18m, AC = 25m, Angle C = 42°
depending upon the given data.

I a < b sin A NO solution B B SINE LAW:

ONE Solution, a
II a = b sin A In any triangle, the ratio of any one side to
A < 900 Right Triangle c a
c a the sine of its opposite angle is constant.
III b sin A < a < b TWO solutions
IV a>b ONE Solution C a b c
A b = =
V a<b NO solution sin A sin B sin C
A > 900 A C
VI a>b ONE solution b

11. Given a triangle ABC, how many possible triangle/s can be 12. Given two sides and an angle of a triangle ABC:
formed for the following conditions: AB = 40cm AC = 35cm Angle B = 65°.
AB = 18m, AC = 25m, Angle C = 42° How many distinct triangle/s can be formed?

B AC AB
AB AC Check for the third angle: =
= B sin B sin C Check for the value of sin C:
sin C sin B A = 180° - 42° - 68.33°
18 sin C = 1.0358
18 25 40 65° 35 40
A = 69.67° (ok!) =
B’ = sin 65° sin C *sine of an angle is never
18 sin 42° sin B
A’ = 180° - 42° - 111.67° greater than 1.
A A’ B = 68.33° C = Math Error!
A’ = 26.33° (ok!) A
25 42° •No Triangle/s
B’ = 180° – 68.33° •Two Triangles 35 C
C B’ = 111.67° ∆ABC & ∆A’B’C
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Another Solution:
13. In triangle ABC, AB = 11cm, BC = 5.4cm and Angle C = 154°.
How many triangle/s can be made?

AB BC Check for the third angle:

=
B sin C sin A B = 180° - 154° - 12.43°
11 5.4 B = 13.57°(ok!)
11 =
sin 154° sin A COSINE LAW:
5.4 B’ = 180°- 154° - 167.57°
A = 12.43° B’ = -141.57°  18 = 25 + BC 35 = 40 + BC 11 =(5.4) + AC
A 154°
C −2(25)(BC) cos 42 −2(40)(BC) cos 65 −2(5.4)(AC) cos 154
A’ = 180° – 12.43° •One Triangle
A’ = 167.57° ∆ABC 𝐵𝐶 = 11.93 𝑚 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝑎𝑛 𝑡 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝐴𝐶 = 5.89 𝑐𝑚
𝐵𝐶 = 25.22 𝑚
•No Triangle/s •One Triangle
•Two Triangles