General NaviapAion, (Grav) ~Arogic of Comcer: 23°N (northern hemisphere) ~Lingic of Capricorn: 23°S (southern. hemisphere) -omlorchic circle ‘66° S -omtkic cirtle + 66° N ee latitude: north or south. (0-30°) longfilude west or east, (0- 180") I° of laditude -GO NH (45°) , equator ©53,7 NH, poles x 60,3 NH wogwelic variotion : amgle between true ond. waswehic weridiow distamce travelled, Tu) =dhomge longitude Tucan] * cos ( Latitude, ~ awera.ge TAS drive, descend: CAS {had corresponds to 4/2 altitude diflecence ~ average TAS during, climb: CAS tha toresgonds to 2/3 clbitude difference ~werdiam+oulimeridion forms 0 great. circle dage lpi eg] = distant rol T CO- ws(Laditude) _ i + -HB=RO+HH bev ~tsogpwic Lawes: some wogrekic variation on Earth, c ~ OHoic Lin + isogowic line where vorinkion is Zero ~wognetic variation has moxumer value of 18D” NAM=NGH:TAS/GS — (NAH-nautical air miles , NGM-noubicod and wiles) Uistamee Lut) = daauage of longibace bain} 005 (latitude)i) geal = 1 - loo}: Anel= 6036 Ht 35° goalh= SE. 109 eg, “Eo D= 5.83% TAS > Ih ‘ths for everny 1000 }t altitude Rod(3°) = 45-5 % G00 ft win = LOWS “5 Rol = (arta) Gore “SIGH For 3 side slope: Ron [Kl apt) Gs M4] -100 & toott / ANH Rod [Ek\ = grad 65 Aumperaure correction (pressure ond Lue altitude): Uf. per IO'C ISA dev pressure. altitude —based. on standard pressure QNE 10/3 hPa, gresure. correction: Iho. difference —> 3044 * Given: TAS, G5, track, heading, Hiesing wind W/V :? Lomber dot on TAS 2 heading, on true index %. pub deft (difference brook ond heading) thet wolcles with GS Urotate disc umbil Uwe work is under Uwe vember 5. wind direction is swoin under Lee index, yind speed is differemre with cewber ame mae trve [relative bearing talwutetion: T8=R8+TH WCA= crossuind -60/ TASDR (dead - recllowina) degemds on ~ Fliglut Lime since last update | - of forecasted wind ; -difference betneen forecasted amd atual wind ~CAS>TAS computation 2% for ortra N000f abbitusde difference belareen, chumb Line troue amd greak cine Lrock is cowersion auale CA=RLT- GCT hue Line - lolisodroma; grtad circle - ortodroma (kolo wielhie) Conversion onagle = 4 conver Convergeniy = Cnomae, of longitude + gin (wenn Lokitude) on lambert griection : Uhamae of longitude sin ( parollel of origin) On, steccograghic groyetion: dnamae of longitude - sin( 30) =dhamae of longitude Hertator Prerion: speck: chs Lina mtn ne ae - --fow (DIT Constomh true course > rum line track PHS. (1) easton te leading yea ardebod Coustawk of the cone = sin( parallel of origin) Lambert, conformal conic forall: of agjr— half bebveen, slouch gorllelsconv em Covstond. of the tone = Tange ot ndginde Lambert, conformal. projection hart Convergomuy is constam (10 change with lokitude) Convergenuny = Onowae. of longitude “ sir-( pomollel, of wrigin) net we Heecactor dla: rlwmlo lines are alwows Slewia\t lines y Lambert projection (cone) ~ same, vonvergpng parle Of ortainSymbalt mbes bos Hertador: use conversion ange ensue lonsnnon® uss u Sebel? Srntale rmbt Lamboert : wse conv! GO — ong rowan) lamaentn S” [neon Symbol ‘Symbol? Symbol ‘Bee sity aia > + = enna ane res tmnt) | nda sn ml eo eG bala Sima Smbel GQ tel © © x ns DG seaplane sae @ —— ICAO AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLOGY AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES 1 BAH Sse 2 6 ‘ he Sore VA Ane a + Obstacles oBsTACLEs a Lit obstacle ®. 2 OC era or ‘0 14 Becreceee inne eer nee tt a wl VISUAL AIDS sign 15. 16, a eee Taillight when Suey is: 2 san su “Atr Aloe ae ere . sain sinner -6" below tne Worzon: civil 3 oo TBD “Ator Glow” Attude/ Fight evel ~ Redoute on: newhicol, 4 7 TR ‘Vander’ Ate Fight ee ~ AB" below the Worizon asbrowonmcoL 5 6000 FL60 “Recommended” Altitude/Flight level 6 ——setuon apt eo “pect AdigeDrift herding - oclual Lock THE Crock ongle error) = actual track — plomned tracks