| Jlagnetic Field cone my eh qt: td. ) — Syllabus ae Concept of magnetic Field Vines and w agnetic Flux ia and sketch magnetic Field lines sauna a Straight carvent — cayying — conducto and solenoid. > Byplain out sopesment cst 3 bls fe ; ree on moving u A ees grel id. “abe perce on euwei coy vr glaced a ~_uniprm magn ehie ry Gumr) f=eresin® gk Farce and Torque on vectangulay ceil placed in _UMF. | _& Moving ceil _galvanometer dy me - a Gaplain. Hall epgect and derve the zexovesslon _ Nw s 82 where fis : i ret a x Use Hall probe +o measure flux density af UME. [ae State. Biot and Savarh law and know Ws appl icet— “jon oft j J Daireular coi) 1 long stele anductor EE fit> along solenoid. 1 State Ampeve's law and now itS application +o Da long braiant conductor i) Shaight solenoid LW) a_toreidal solenoid = ‘ |X Discuss parce between two garalle conductorS Carvying | cuvvent + degination of Ampere atc Lorentz favee —b The Force experienced by the chavged partele in @& Mognene eield 15 aren hy FLeronys VOgh rent Ue catlled | Lereniz corte a4 is dereted PY F end gwen by C= BAVSnA7a | Magneher yfialarmiensily (6) i Magee. I Tt_ig_the space are A Lop sto a ae experienced > — feld__at any poimb. a4 ig denoted SB’ ad's sa unt ts testa Ct). Crewion /ampere metre) = Nam = were Ynnr G=0A Dee YAP a: a fh a ‘It is “the “shength ag magnetic t r [ “(st ‘ Hi kK They are -imaginery tines drawn from ij lo 40 the -pole_in_a_magne+ used 4a _vepresnt Magnetic fields AK Thely divection is prom pole to worth pele. * The tangent draun to the ‘magnetic Fleld Sines _ gives _the divection oF the magnetic gield at that pein: #the closeness av density of the Field tines —_ E a —is_directly porpetional to Yne- Strength of sh — Magnetic Ficld_is_shongey at poles as the — field _|mes close / dense at pajes. —Pac Owe: jy oa fees} In_past people used +o believe dlectricity and megneHsr eve two diffrent branches op physics and th on dudtecd seperately. But an 1820 rformed an _imporl- ant experiment whic shows the inderelatonship bin. electricity and magnetism - let_us draw an electre circuit as Shown below. 2 OS When a cavveni passes through a wire tne space around if yet magnelzed and hence magnetic Haedle i deflects + - _When diyection of the ’wea Sece tng v|when en electric cuvrent is passed through, < condhgy— ive, then magnetic field is voduced around iW. Y— When magnitude of electric curvent is Ancreased . Yen —— The magnitude of maghetc field is also increased. Ig the diyection of curvent passing Hrwugh fre wire —— | As From south ty north y the north pole oc the magne Field is deflected towards the west- Mllxe the direction is reversed, magnetic Ged derlected dowarg tne east + | Mimitettons:: 1 Force om moving charge inside fMeqnetic Feld. ovil Mnarge in a Magnetic eield experfences a Force, Known as loventz farce Consider a charge pavticle having charge ta. be movil with velocity ‘v' in the magnetic gield BR along X-— axi$ 5 while charged article is moving making angit— with field 8: ape From experimental abserYation , $+ is _cound e mst that force Pyarti cle__i6- Faq i> speed oF particle Gy _ ve EX ---------- @ F =O! No force on rest charged, particle + V Elect fread > deflects both vest [mowrg] (Le tragnetic field 2 deflect moving (W~AV ek i ast Se U| yon J. a | Buestons | I a \ - 974 charged particles moves undeviated though 2 _Yegion jn the space + Can you conclu 2 taet_thee LIS mo magnetic Field in pret yegion? CN a___ —P_vo we can't conclude \pecause €- | 7 SET TT ae * When ©= 8. Lise “ten fz0+ se the charged articles moveg : __undeviaied thvough thet vegion even wn magnetic Geld ig Ub is grojecied _pevalialy_or _anti~ ~ pavaliely « __pvecence i ).A_beam of electron moving hovizontally From east Jy ae west entes a uniform magnetic Field acting vertalh » downward + In which olectvon _heam will _be deviated y” a 4 [ + i ke: 7 be a I Ht 4 hy] te QA proton enters a magnetic field of plux density 251 J With the veloc§ 4 XidtmIS a¥ an angle of : [3° wim a fietd - Gnd ine force, a aan t F=BeVsind = USXIG6xIT'G x I x07 x Sin 30 = 3A! Vv >| 6000 lftnime, | sone tility H om jt.) ab Prison Gurren! Corrying conductor Ps WE Kew that conduc to. has free €7- Let us suppore ve cenductor Wit) Lengthy! Us flaced on magnene fied B» the e7 oF conduct tm gtevts Yo move with dviet elocity (Ne! and ‘1 ic the aren) plewing Mrough igre Cuwent Carrying Conduct the conductor. In Magnenec Freld. | Let nh be the novop em Leer unit volume - Then we have f= e4aVsin@ ——~@ Gin © becomes ferce ON cach e° Cre? = Brnex Vasind © | Since there ave noraf elechons ) g=nxe. oO, Fe = BxqxVd x sind. we have, yd= S and a= & t Fe= Baan (Rl sind, = Sr nfA0) x sind 7 ! = Bus xa xsd: 1 BaL Cmax) o cmind.aS Recep ue an a cuyvent _unigorm magnetic Pied fy Shae ei % w a Fig Torque on a current carrying rechingular coil + ime unicovm magnetic pielde i —Blleonsider a_rectunguler coil PORS sich that PO= ps=w be thantodh nd’ fS=eR=b be ther edith aS shown In fig + —P ime rectangular coil P8RS is kept Ronen 7 gield “p’. jie Lt -piime wire is suspended in sich a way hak, id 3 = i ereeiy on vertical axis- Let current sama proush the Wire be '2° f i =p [tf 6 be the ongle behueen ine ta) and axis ef 7 votution (eM cra. Force om PO, = BIdsmo. aoa (=9a8). =a6000 nif anmnc [fe on OR > Fe = acing pete on R$2F5 = Baw Eso ee Force on OS, % = B34 sing. gince_the Force Gatien j Jand_they We ans isamevsoxny of Line» somthesy | chon. $0 they ee Torque (') = Force x uy distinc. = B22 x IY distance -~~-~~~ Rom sig G) apmisiuy)distmer , so an 4 0PS OF cosO@= OF > op= Ps CosO BS episiscose Now, Wee BIVx bess - hers ag yhe coil has no- of turns: ~G, = NXBX1x (XB) cose. { naqismommimmcesa | were $15 the Srl bm | Band AG, lah fare WHenmO@=sN or ie8 wen versie) Tn = pina Cees 8nef = 47] Cmerxiionein & is met bm case-13)_ When ©= 98 The? @ and Format) The 0 Uminimenns ) yRen 0=40 Here, XS the angle bm: Bard noymal, 2 XtO=3 T = BINA cos Cgo-%) Q=90-K T = Gavan @ sinX—P | Prinetiple ~- when a current reomying ecil ts placed tn uniform magnetre geld | it experiences torque ~ —N) Gastrudtory a k —¥|| Culindrvcal Magnets Ly Paduce redreal magnete Field S : O=8 always. or [ appives restonng Torque Gament 'S passed through Phe. reckingular | Coil AweD suspended In yadital magnetic Field with Hne help oF phospho bvenze (aS Gel-aL) Le alvaname ter con er ance . dyrent Flowing through ib. Sx = Of > Sa = 4/m Urem ean Ol ava kK Deflechon —- permit voltage ye We ol = 8 ~ wna — detect and mesure very Small cawents __—_Sensitiviry can be conholled — deflection is mot asgecled by external MFSeong Ht | me, _| | when the magnettc_Freld i applied perpendicular +2 He cuyvent carrying anductor avoltuge is developed Fa aermss Ye conductor in the direction perpendreulay to both elecbte and magnehic Fields + This effect ig called adits i Hail effect. Ul ap ‘Vu’ be The hall voltage developed Acres the conducter having bredth + men the intensity of Mall ‘elechie greld is deneted by Fy and aiven by Ex = Vi ~--------@ a At Equilievium porce due te eleclwe field . le fe = Fa a, @XEH = Be % En = BV: -~+~-~— Fom © ond @ Mp BY >Wu= da} —- nso = VenA where t= cavrent €= chawe oF en = free OF crass -secpen thi chen ess + by we ris is Ww 4(6000 fans (meena . owe: jy Tt = od xBxt aT ena 7 exn x axt +4 o We = pay © net — @ Ganesh Aya wou, (EX = VaR a. RT ~_ 1 2 enat He [Hall coerercint CR) Jaris depined as the rato oF intensity of elechre [peta per unit cnet density per anit magnehe | pie\ds ar ts denoted by RH and given by Ru = Intensity of Clechic freid CEH) Garren Lesitycs) x mag Fieid ce) | a RHE SEH = 3 | : TAB en@Ax 3/4 *O ne se [Hal pe be (Hall epgect_sensoy) —lused 2 pneasuve magnets flux density bm: two magrels -|Based on fall effects ~|A Hall pobe conssts of & flak SuyFace end is held eo the | magnene cieid Imes are perpendicular to ite | he halt _preb includes a Com pound Semiaenductor like indium antmonide » suppepicd by engs fel enclosed ins'de | aluminium bacising plate and lL the _prohe head +. Probe handle (s perpendicular 7 * ——||_ +e the cry skal pleineés When Wall probe Us placed {such that the lines_of magnetre preld pass ab | wont angle fmeugh its the meter veflects the wale——|Lin_ the oysta) an hen - of magnette > coer | PAGENO, flux densi a h agneh'c. Field develops a 'Hall voltage Hah errect can be cbsened in the conductor ik is moved in the cinipovm magnenic Movement of charge cavvies pores madneNc Fret —|te_appty Lorentz pece_en them apis yesults Ih chawje Seperation wilt an acormulet posite (or negative) charye on tHe bobo rm lor Of th plate + he pre bb handle (Ss usually made ue of Nen- Eemeus material and tertfove cleecnot Atshire’ the Field. 4 SSSy a fo measure the magneHe FX density bm: hus magnets, fhe Glat Surface oF prebe must be directed magnets, $0 tne magnete Feld lines pass t perpen drew lar +o this uy face» The probe is connected ty 4 voltmeter Ju measuk, Rall voltages(saezzrtteane (raceno, Owe: jy, 7+ se _prebe is ner held in te wnect onentatton | _Cperpendtewtay + field cava lines? th tm — [en be reduced. & volimeter reading «|| Spce Hall volte meal ge X’magnetre flux density» Mme fly tf magnet Con be obtained. : —T - Ht i i gh "+A rail probe is en sive crow Fe measure even __ | thé Earths magnetre flux density: PF Omer possible uses + “hk _Magnetre fle)d Camems PH bentuctiess signal transmitters Be futometive indusiy > posiHon deteciton af Moving parnament magnet - S| A_stident wants te measure the magnetic flux density behveen the poles oF wo westy bar magnets mounted on _a Steel yoke as showh 1h Erguve » The magnenc lux density is between o-azT ‘and o-+ouT- Di vefine magnehic flux density -blsi ps defined as fete) no of magnehc lines per unit ares held perpendrey| denoted by of porce Cressing jo the magnet lines of force, Zt tt. —_| 6 end n __nlone way of measuring the magnetic Flax densi hy robe. suggest the P g wuld pe use of hall cu(fuble inshuc yeason why Hall probe ts not a menk to measure ‘g' of arnungement m hd shown>= re Biel = erat Law CLaplacets lau) (6000 m if-enms, | pce no, 4 J. rimentally sit has dound that, magnitude of gnetre fretd (dB) ar Point ‘p' at distance rl sy! due +o cuvvent Ga and |_lenatn ‘dul is | dBo I | AaABK da | ABX sino ak vrei ABR 4 z | cin combining Gbeveé equathons . d@X% advono re ao oP’ dB = cKidUsine where Kk is _peypah'sna~ oD Uy constant and ove dps He AdAsing k= = Ste 2 oe Lusi x\o*F_Hmot ene 3G | FY a MET ane T I ofr dg= de z Gutxyxsino) 9 adxv vw (= avsine) ap = me x Carxyv) = Cara dength ko lagi qa? ax2d a Aa yea! ADA he | te coutunrd ) (© inwara Hee y L \ anteg mF garert7 icahon ag Bro{— Savvart law nSIdeY A Current carrytin diroutlar coil of yadrus Y_amd cehtre 0 as shown nt element (a) 6 Clike noma) tengent lowing in coil vela-tony tok Savvatis law dB = Ho dh 'sin@ = singe) aK yt =4 Pe Now Inte gratin rom © fo gar we ge. = fdie adt = to (MV ah. 4K v2 Uart Jo B =o FUL" = Wor x any unre a Yaye A.B =Uhel ar ‘n' ro -Of csurns. = uwwenli ® Zr(equal megniade. oe in diredy, se cancel each % enn, ee Jose th pl doeiser ei cewmedlar. coh ae !atth | yadis tal wot centre O —T on _ehreh current 2 is al \ ots —*t “ Flow'ng 4S. mM gs Let ae dsm —_ aes = eee] AGB = Small _curent element ° eS hse et 4 =u a cs — P Y ae nae AW Ss oe qB BY Brot Sarvat's jaw = Wo aAdusino SBE. UR ve dh WS = AB SK fon HBT res ote t grat anozad) LT Cesmeet exch ater) un vt Le So direction = herrzanta( Com ponent = 4d B sinde Nowy The magnete Freld at ‘p' due to whole coil ts given by Br (" saeeme. = - use sat sin an 2 U | = wer sing (7 at vlorsmx Cu]. | Care : ; URL i) = Welsmd X2A0. = Yso'd Sin a | Uart ay* = werasinnk (fem vight &A CAP: \ ayt eat XY andes 9 a cate) 72Fans: @ Sogieania et Se 8 ayy lt APPA: Sot can be realey sia] | donsider an theinidely long: Shraight candvetor cerying cuentas shown in fig tet | © PS point where magneho © Vey s field is to be detomined || Re OP is aY to xy of A= distunce POM 0 to ep | x AB= small_curent elemen} i iu. ocak Puy and b= Abt dandy. Ae wow, BY Biot carvails la, v a at ie? ta 48 = Wo rdusing qn ee anh Ope, xf8 pg 8 = go | eee aea= const replace with gem Enown ‘ i | ess ane 7 YA coop nfiy ees oe ; (630) fee) Rn os sin (go- A) = ose = We Idie cosmK —--__ - — aA ve 2 OC=ER, Thens WU = tanh ss Oe a an ue _ dust gsecth dx we —O Aso) D> WSK + yy v= asec ———Qr —=—+ Tuo, fers © GD end GD TT 2B = vo zrasectmax OX ae at sector @© : | on GBs wo vy aw cosK AK UA a then the rnagneHe field at pom+ P due to where conductor ¥Y_js given bs Ba (ap = [en Come dee. 3 om | Soa 2 a oy B= wot ( coswdX = es fom] | gee aoe ~~ =. Wot sind, — Sm CO) | wer (eB = wold (sinde sno: )} peers -—® Una | der _mfinitely tong conduct a= Ore 9 Gt x(t) = UAadong eylmdrical covk consisting large. Number oF circuly HuyAS Wound clwSely in the Form oF heliX. its called galencidt eensider 4 long solenoid of Yediush! let pe neo of Hirns per unitkength - amer 0% oF hirns Mm small diskince AB (du) = nd. Then, small magnene field pwdued a+ P due to de ig gien by dB= uUbndt dat ~__ _ aye wheres yd= Cetyat where vr @ = BP AP. Let @ we thea bN vr and dh. and do be very Small & ot be pp and AP: av t” pais diqwn. an AABN . @'sino= AN AN = dhsing . —_ ® at an A ANP, Sndo= aw ie rsindardo—® fem © ana @ 2006 pigs (a * owe: yy an jue d4tsme s=ydo. du = ro @ snd wow from and @ 4B = Wonxnxydo xaxar sm® ay3 = Woxnyd@xaad fan A ror sm Qve [v= 4/smne 2 As = Utexnxdoxte sinto SINO xe ae dB = Wiexn xa0xa sind x 4 $a and @2 be made b5 fuso ends at © T™men w 8 = } Tosoxnxdo-a Smet A Wen ser if. snodo. 2 & = 4 Woean [- cosa] C = 2 Ubortin. LCoS Cr) + 005 CHa) J z B= 1 Worn Coos d1 — ws de] Zz LLL Dy pr very long solenoid d=o0° & dr=180 so, Be wom. Cas? = es igdI . = = = ae n-1 x Cla) = Mon Ee Se he Ig~ — Sana end, B= +t NBs wWomay _Proneends Magnetic reid at the cen current a ig (B= Swot 7A Where Q=ut/2. es Galulate the maghehe fretd ak rhe cere of cat! nm The form of square oF side ucm cavYeIng a cuvvent of SA* x lution Here- length of side Gy =ucm cuvrent (2) = SA op = An = 2am a Hy) < ROP = CROP = US® (BY geomehy). Now, Magnetre Field due +o Ne ctor ' 4om given by B= ulod (sin gz tsin%) GRA or B= UA XI TXT mifiicae ial Y WRK UKE? HK (Yr RT = 0+ 000025 X2_ ira =90:000035 1G =3Sxio7> Testa ff| 6000 mien T a owt: _j_j___} p_suvrent of 2A {ts Flowmg in the cides of an _€¢4il€ Feral A of side 2m. And the ynagnene Freld ar tne Centreid sf the rangle. Caxtoo tT) 6 “abi an a pec J |_ pp=oe = mez r°wm am _ | went 22 = aA a ___ | see angie IF Utlereral, | magnehe preid al cenveid o 6 are [is by op joc yor mise) oG=ov =oF. | oz op = 4 of AE: + 3 ‘B+ ae | pe = tear = 3 = ee | Cbg using pythagoras theorem In A mae) yo ato zrof Me = tx 3 3 magnebu field dye to ghara conductor AS 72s ® ) = BWol CoinO% rsind ts qven by 6 one 3988 i =(yxxio tt xa) x B) x (sat ty | Cukx 13/3 / Laine + x BN - = lo txd x BALE B3 , _ 3xio t Tesla 8 — —T re & Loe 6000 ’ PAGE No. ng or wails a126 cm thas ys A_semicweulgr wire radial) strarght segments £7 As hown tn Fi wire 32.3 mA. find rection of net magne a ag a> Magnitude and dr of semi crcle the centre af curvature solution #- Heve yadUS oF semieireulay wive 5 oe t - y* y= 31260m = 3126 x16% mM —z2f An cuvvenk m Hee wire (2) = 3e3mA !? he = 323 x03 A MagneHe field a} centre of current carymy — arculg “c@rl ys gyen_»b fo ay J fr semrarelory oil, B= Wool ay B= MAXIe tx B23 x103) AX 9126 xyHr B > 4:096 x\o°t Tesla. For diwectton of magneht freld- we can use right hand thumb rules on domg so Magnetic Field iS wund te be Th ward QE >S000 MHBERNING PASEN. ? Ao 3 re two wires. Two _ wwe A and B have the same bo AYCM And carry Q_cuywent oF dof each wiye + AIS bent into a circle 1g bent into co square + Fing . ay Magnitide o- the Freias ab the centre of lenghh equa( and wre B geretd at cente. solution Here. by Which wire produces a greater jMaghent - | — 4 4 —] — _4 a case Tt \ aaseat— (amsxy) B= wet (smo2+5in% ) URE = : oy B = fur x57 x10 x 2\xYy ( arxitxe? 527 = UR KS ty 10 1 pt se2stxieS TO RXFAIT = p28 xt B =e-gtx67T—O Bre ive: SZ kb from @ and @) it is clear hat cuere Crrtutar—cott—predesS a square cotl produces grea be magnehc field ‘At cene- fearrying conductor tf Tt states thal, “ the line_integral oF magnet; Field times the total current enclosed by that around a dosed path is equal f We path .” ; (he. GB at =Ulol Sn, =e consider a long shetgnt 4 Gnducto? amymng a current | 2 due to which magnetic field is setup around it. 7 ter @ be any pont! at a dictemee (y. “gen a SS ae Conductor 2 SSS oh Tea a civcle ult yadius | Wen centre ‘O'. Then duwechon . of _fie\d at P_is_cilong tangent at thab pom nen magnet Pield at p is B= dot000 mi 69021 1am, fe & es _ tj a> $9 Ge | = Wl vagy = uot MSS Bae Le | = Wnehis Ampere's crea tent law | 4 | __ examen. al \ _Dilensider_along shaight cndieio wen d= 2 AS Coming current 3 as shown 2 ‘ in fig + Let magnehe field 5 es ar P is to be) deleymmed. 2 For Mis dyaw a circle of yeidius ty! x Jond centre O+ ‘DrecHern oF Field 15 along small elemen DA+ So, angle btn then Is rere (O=ed) | “ “then ) Fom Ampex's. ciycurteal yau} GB da? = wol § Bdkcose = Wel | §Bdu autor Cwsa= oso =1) | B Gde = Usd I Bx mr~~” 6000 », Soo Hens pat: yy k of by BA he tle Greulay ving Jarge _ngrn bey OF “Ons 9 : f° © Insulating wive wound Hehtly 10 oe weno. 7 < - _— doagh=nur shape =. ' cS a Gnsider @ 4torotd having NV ‘numbers Se x oe cE turns and carrying anvent 3] exit ae —D magnehe field is zero inside “ Zz : HR land outside the tovoid- : —pllomsider pomt Pat distance \v? Figic Covrent Gryiny E, Frm centero of fewid where Tales T magnehc Field 9 fa be determined + ° : - —Bllat pont 9» Magnehe fretd @’ and smeul_elemenk j dP ae in same direction: then from _ Amper*'s 4 crccatta} (aw s z ge at Swe Trp Ty = fate) current archer i Ory ¢ Bd cosO = Wooly z oy B Ganz WS. NIT Jalaane on Barr = wont us > Won] nye a a B= wonl Tesia- Where» N= No of turnS 6 toroid = WV, circum ference ~» ae| 6000 wHERNING,, maceNO. e i owe: jy) Phensider a_tong sotenaid having ty? namber of turns per unit —— a gth and 2 be vi 3 __ fuer current He [Lin sole neid- | Mp inside solenoid! AP; outside THis very Weck YU] —pitet as consider a vectingular amperian (sop as nt’ { t sucn hat abused =U. a. Then GP IW = Peas [ows (Pa [Pe x S c= 4 th a = featoso4 Joaicosso [eatiose + fasuan a zi o faut o +e lida 40 Coutsde Solenod) gl +O+ O+r0 Ged? — pt ——_ © lef, No of turns per anit lengh =n ho- sf cols o sdenghh t= ne Cavvent Flowtng “eu one Coil=2 op = tant = ttolt (pf creutal aw) Ao dank woinxL = ton Tesla -6000 » Yas PAGE NO. bat s_y, When two current Carrying conductors are placed | parallel Close to each other they experience either” Tathrach\e or repulsive Forces ~ —Pilwhen_a current passes through eonducter then’ magnetic Field is setup around a F its Simrlarly When a cuyrent awying conductor is placed A a in a magnetic pield , it expenens,' Te the force. Hence, When two prducters | lave placed close fo each oer,’ then lone conducty will be in _magnehc freld provided by another = Consider two pargilel 4a and 2 Gmyging Ccuvrent ti and az vespegHvely in same divechsn , Seperated by _distancety' the, 64 = wore — @ _(inginite) | aa Fa= 42 dade (sin@= singo = 4) = wedatda ——@G). Fry = Aowqe Ray any Similarly $2 = ode ane| Goon mann, (neta Sp I a a one: J. (| sp we tke force per unit uengin, be = £ Ro = wo-2i12 ] i any. (4 Werte) (armmeive in nahwe) OE — _ dat curvent 1s Opposite in the direction. Then the __| force _wit!_ve Yepuisive in _pahwe-kbbieh US | by - _ | gwen by f Fo Wedar | aaa - | # AN The constant Curvent whreh when pas. ed through hw paralie | cermeesk conductors of Am apart give vise fo Fovce axiot v _per metey on each other called One Ampere: | per FS Word: i any: || apeaz= an r=4m_ Ttnen | Fo yariot xIxl Qa wKL Ce F = exit Nim # —t —FOR COMPLETE NOTES OF +2 SCIENCE STREAM JOIN US IN TELEGRAM & FB PHYSICS PRODIGY (e —— CONCEPT IS POWER ——— PHYSICS PRODIGY "CONCEPT IS POWER" Fi@ © es