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Python Numpy

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22 views

Python Numpy

df

Uploaded by

Jeevan Tonde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numpy

NumPy is an open-source Python library that is used to work with arrays and perform mathematical
operations. NumPy stands for Numerical Python. NumPy is widely used in Data Science and Machine
Learning.

NumPy is very useful for developers as it has functions in the field of matrices, random number
generation, linear algebra, Fourier Transform, Mathematical and logical operations on arrays.

NumPy’s data structure and the key concept is n-dimensional arrays (ndarray). These arrays can have
one or more dimensions, or they can be 0-dimensional.

1. Scalar (0D)
2. Vector (1D)
3. Matrix (2D)
4. Tensor (>=3D)

Benefits of NumPy

● Fast:NumPy is written in C (and also C++ and Fortran) programming language, consequently it
is much faster than Python Lists.
● Memory Usage:NumPy arrays are fixed length, on the other hand Python Lists can be expanded
in size. NumPy uses less memory and storage space.
2. Importing NumPy
import numpy as np

3. Creating Arrays
1D Array:

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])


2D Array:

arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

3D Array:
arr = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]])

4. Array Attributes
Shape: Returns the dimensions of the array.
arr.shape

Size: Total number of elements in the array.


arr.size

Data Type: Type of elements in the array.


arr.dtype

5. Array Initialization

Zeros:
np.zeros((3, 3)) # 3x3 matrix of zeros

Ones:
np.ones((2, 2)) # 2x2 matrix of ones

Identity Matrix:
np.eye(3) # 3x3 identity matrix

Random:
np.random.rand(2, 2) # 2x2 matrix with random values

6. Reshaping Arrays
You can change the shape of an array without modifying its data.
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
arr_reshaped = arr.reshape((2, 3)) # Reshape to 2x3 matrix

7. Array Indexing & Slicing

Access specific elements by index.


arr[0, 1] # Row 0, Column 1

Slice arrays to extract subarrays.


arr[0:2, 1:3] # Rows 0-1, Columns 1-2

8. Array Operations

Element-wise addition:
arr1 + arr2

Element-wise multiplication:
arr1 * arr2

Dot product:
np.dot(arr1, arr2)

9. Broadcasting
Smaller arrays are “broadcast” to match the shape of larger arrays during operations.

arr + 5 # Adds 5 to every element of the array

10. Mathematical Functions


Sum:

np.sum(arr)
Mean:

np.mean(arr)
Standard deviation:

np.std(arr)
Maximum & Minimum:
np.max(arr), np.min(arr)

11. Array Concatenation & Splitting

Concatenation:

np.concatenate((arr1, arr2), axis=0) # Concatenate along rows


Splitting:

np.split(arr, 2) # Split into 2 equal subarrays

12. Logical Operations


Element-wise comparison returns a boolean array.

arr > 2 # Returns True where elements are greater than 2


Any and All for boolean arrays:

np.any(arr > 2) # Returns True if any element is greater than 2


np.all(arr > 2) # Returns True if all elements are greater than 2

13. Array Copying


Shallow Copy: Creates a new array that references the original data.
arr_copy = arr.view()

Deep Copy: Creates a new array and copies the data.


arr_copy = arr.copy()

14. Saving and Loading Arrays


Save to file:

np.save('my_array', arr)
Load from file:

arr = np.load('my_array.npy')

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