inary Addition : 2.6.1 Bin he binary numbers is performed exactly in the 8 n ie ii mi The addition of tw mbers. Only four cases occurin the. Addition of, ty the addition of decimal nut oF Webi es 0, o+f=1, 14021, and 1+1= 148. the stm =O and gan, 1 0+0=0, : The rules of binary addition are given in Table 2.4. Table 2.4 Sum of Binary bits When the binary numbers are more than one bit, the addition takes lace bit by bit, which starts from left side. The carry of the previous stim is added to the next bit addition. For example, 10110111 ¢A +01110101 6B M110111 ¢ Cany 100101100 E001, 2.6.2 Binary Subtraction The! Subtraction of two binary numbers is performed exactly in the same yee the Subtraction of decimal numbers. Only four Cases occur in the subtraction of ‘wo binary bits, 9-0=0,0-12_4, 1-0=1,and1-150 Ind-1=_, : 7 than the fi Mes “sultis negative. It indicates that the second numberis gre" enone: Similar to decimal Number system, a borrow is generated: 8 Of binary Subtraction are given in Table 2.5. Table 2.5 Binary subtractiongr ——-_~* and Codes numbers are more than one bit, the subtraction take; when the binary from the left side. The borrow of the previous su i Place bit pybib wig s the next bit subtraction, action is sume 10100111 4A ample, porerane 1110101 +B 1 el aes = 11 ¢@ Borrow 00110010 2.6.3 Binary Multiplication 7 inary mliplction‘ssimilartothe decimal mutiplication the malig sits 1,then the partial productis same as the multiplicand. If the multiplier bitis i is 0. then the partial product is a ronsider the example: 1010 x 1001 1010 ¢ multiplicand x 1001 © multiplier ~1010~ 0000- 0000- - 1010--- 2.6.4 Binary Division Thebinary division is same as the decimal division. Binary division has two results, ie. quotient and remainder. Let us consider the example: 10011011 is divided by 100. 100011 100/10011011 100 ooi1! ——) * The quotient is 100011 and the remainder is 1. i i bers. Frample 2.17 Find the addition of the following binary "Um fe, {10101 and 10100011 ) 10110001 and 001101112.2.4 Binary Addition The rules for binary addition are the following: 0+0=0; O+1=1; 140=1; 1+1=10,ic. 0 with acamy of 1. EXAMPLE 2.12 Add the binary numbers 1101.101 and 111.011. Solution 8421 212223 (Column numbers) 1101-1 01 + 111-011 10101-:0 0 0 In the 2~"s column 1+41=0, with a carry of 1 to the 2? column Inthe 2's column .0+1+1=0, with a carry of 1 to the 2"! column Inthe 2s column 1 +0 +1 =0, with a carry of 1 to the 1’s column. Inthe I'scolumn 1 +1 + 1 = 1, with acarry of 1 to the 2’s column Inthe 2’scolumn 0 +1 +1 = 0, with a carry of 1 to the 4’s column Inthe 4’s column = 1 + 1+ 1 = 1, with a carry of 1 to the 8s column In the 8’s column 1+1=0, with a carry of 1 to the 16’s column 2.2.5 Binary Subtraction The binary subtraction is performed in a manner similar to that in decimal subtraction. The rules for binary subtraction are: 0-0=0; 1-140; 1-0=1; ' 0-1=1, with a borrow of 1. EXAMPLE 2.13 Subtract 111.111, from 1010.01). ic 1.01\0,0\0 ee 8421 242223 (Cob peny oe VEN EME 1010.0 1 0 chime mambes) Uta 2 Borowss 4 ti Aen tn 9 Be LAD Ay oo10.0!! 0010.0 1 1 In the 2 column, a 1 cannot be subtracted from a 0. So, borrow a 1 from the 2? column making the 2- column 0. The 1 borrowed from the 2"? column becomes 10.in the 2-* column. Therefore, in the 2 column, 10-1 = 1. In the 2~? column, a I cannot be subtracted from a 0. So, borrow a 1 from the 2-! column, but itis also a 0. So, borrow a I from the 1’s column, That is also a 0, so borrow a 1 from the 2’s column making the 2's column 0. This 1 borrowed from the 2's column becomes 10 in the 1’s column, Keep one 1 in the 1’s column, bring the other 1 to the 2 column, which becomes 10 in this column. Keep one 1 in the 2! column and bring the other 1 to the 22 column, which becomes 10 in this column. Therefore, In the 2s column 10-1=1 In the 2~!’s column 1-1=0 In the I's column 1-1=0