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Extra
Extra Questions
Questions for
for Chapter
Chapter 22 People
People as
as
Resource
Resource Class
Class 99 Economics
Economics
 06 Oct, 2023

People as Resource Important Questions Class 9 Social Science

Economics

Very
Very Short
Short Answer
Answer Type
Type Questions
Questions

Question
Question 1.
1. What
What does
does ‘People
‘People as
as aa Resource’
Resource’ mean?
mean?

Answer
Answer

‘People as a Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing
productive skills and abilities.

Question
Question 2.
2. Which
Which person
person out
out of
of aa farm
farm labourer,
labourer, aa construction
construction worker
worker and
and aa miner
miner is
is
having
having seasonal
seasonal employment?
employment?

Answer
Answer

Miners and construction workers normally work in all seasons. Only a farm labourer will work for
some part of the year and thus is having seasonal employment.

Question
Question 3.
3. What
What is
is human
human capital?
capital?

Answer
Answer

When investment is made in the form of education, training and medical care, the quality of
population improves and becomes a great asset. It is known as human capital.

Question
Question 4.
4. What
What is
is the
the age
age group
group of
of population
population which
which is
is treated
treated as
as the
the workforce?
workforce?

Answer
Answer

The workforce population in India includes people from the age of 15 to 59 years. In other
countries, this may be slightly di"erent. For instance, it is 16 to 65 years in USA.

Question
Question 5.
5. What
What do
do you
you know
know about
about Sarva
Sarva Shiksha
Shiksha Abhiyan?
Abhiyan?

Answer
Answer

It is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of
6-14 years by 2010.

Question
Question 6.
6. Begging
Begging is
is which
which category
category of
of activity?
activity?

Answer
Answer

Begging does not involve production of any goods or services and also does not add to national
income. So, it is a non-economic activity.

Question
Question 7.
7. Why
Why do
do educated
educated parents
parents invest
invest heavily
heavily in
in the
the education
education of
of their
their children?
children?

Answer
Answer

Educated parents invest more in the health and education of their children because they are
aware of the benefits of higher education.

Question
Question 8.
8. What
What is
is the
the major
major reason
reason for
for education
education having
having an
an important
important role
role in
in human
human
capital
capital formation?
formation?

Answer
Answer

Education broadens the knowledge of people and provides them training, thus having an
important role in human capital formation.

Question
Question 9.
9. Mention
Mention two
two consequences
consequences of
of unemployment.
unemployment.

Answer
Answer

The two consequences of unemployment are:

#. It leads to wastage of manpower resources.

$. It tends to increase in economic overload.

Question
Question 10.
10. What
What is
is infant
infant mortality
mortality rate?
rate?

Answer
Answer

The infant mortality rate (IMR) refers to the number of deaths of infants per thousand live births
before completing one year.

Question
Question 11.
11. Which
Which sector
sector of
of the
the Indian
Indian economy
economy absorbs
absorbs the
the maximum
maximum labour?
labour?

Answer
Answer

Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy.

Question
Question 12.
12. ‘Unemployment
‘Unemployment rate
rate is
is low
low in
in India.’
India.’ Why?
Why?

Answer
Answer

In India, the unemployment rate is low because large number of people with low income and
productivity are counted as employed.

Question
Question 13.
13. What
What are
are Navodaya
Navodaya Vidyalayas?
Vidyalayas?

Answer
Answer

Navodaya Vidyalayas are the schools started for the talented children in the rural areas.

Question
Question 14.
14. What
What is
is the
the full
full form
form of
of GNP?
GNP?

Answer
Answer

The full form of GNP is Gross National Product.

Question
Question 15.
15. What
What are
are tertiary
tertiary activities?
activities?

Answer
Answer

Tertiary activities include services like education, health, communication, banking, trade,
transport, tourism, insurance etc. These services help in the smooth functioning of primary and
secondary activities.

Question
Question 16.
16. Classify
Classify various
various activities
activities on
on the
the basis
basis of
of its
its economic
economic benefit?
benefit?

Answer
Answer

Various Activities have been classified into three main sectors.

#. Primary Sector
$. Secondary Sector
%. Tertiary Sector

Question
Question 17.
17. Mention
Mention two
two things
things necessary
necessary for
for good
good health.
health.

Answer
Answer

The
The two
two things
things which
which are
are necessary
necessary for
for good
good health
health are:
are:

#. Balanced and nutritious diet

$. Health care facilities

Question
Question 18.
18. What
What is
is the
the positive
positive side
side of
of aa large
large population?
population?

Answer
Answer

A large population, from productive aspect, contributes to Gross National Product.

Question
Question 19.
19. What
What are
are Non-Market
Non-Market Activities?
Activities?

Answer
Answer

Non-Market activities are the production for self consumption. These can be consumption and
processing of primary product and own account production of fixed assets.

Question
Question 20.
20. How
How does
does the
the society
society benefit
benefit from
from investment
investment in
in humans?
humans?

Answer
Answer

The benefit of society from investment in humans is an indirect way that is the benefits of
educated and healthier population spreads to those who are not educated or healthy.

Question
Question 21.
21. How
How can
can population
population be
be aa liability
liability and
and how
how can
can it
it be
be made
made an
an asset?
asset?

Answer
Answer

Illiterate and unhealthy population are a liability for the economy whereas literate and healthy
population is an asset.

Question
Question 22.
22. What
What di"erences
di"erences have
have been
been noted
noted in
in literacy
literacy among
among di"erent
di"erent sections
sections of
of
the
the society
society and
and states?
states?

Answer
Answer

The di"erences are higher between males and females, more in urban areas than rural areas and
higher in Kerala than Bihar.

Question
Question 23.
23. What
What is
is meant
meant by
by seasonal
seasonal unemployment?
unemployment?

Answer
Answer

It is a situation when people are not able to find jobs during the particular months of a year
especially in agriculture.

Question
Question 24.
24. What
What are
are the
the major
major determinants
determinants of
of earnings?
earnings?

Answer
Answer

Education and skill are the two major determinants of earnings.

Question
Question 25.
25. What
What is
is the
the result
result of
of this
this eleventh
eleventh plan?
plan?

Answer
Answer

Over the past fifty years, there has been a significant growth in the number of universities and
institutions of higher learning in specialised areas.

Question
Question 26.
26. What
What are
are di"erent
di"erent types
types of
of primary
primary activities?
activities?

Answer
Answer

Primary activities include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, mining, quarrying and poultry
farming etc.

Question
Question 27.
27. What
What is
is an
an unorganised
unorganised sector?
sector?

Answer
Answer

It is a sector where the income of people is low and irregular. The basic facilities such as maternity
leave, childcare and other social security systems are also absent in an unorganised sector.

Question
Question 28.
28. What
What happens
happens in
in disguised
disguised unemployment?
unemployment?

Answer
Answer

In case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. The work requires the service
of five people but engages eight people. Three people are extra. These three are disguisedly
unemployed.

Question
Question 29.
29. When
When population
population does
does becomes
becomes human
human capital?
capital?

Answer
Answer

Population becomes human capital when investment is made in the form of education, training
and medical care. It adds up to the productive power of a country.

Short
Short Answer
Answer Type
Type Questions
Questions

Question
Question 1.
1. What
What are
are Tertiary
Tertiary Activities?
Activities?

Answer
Answer

Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance etc. are
included in the tertiary activities. The activities in this sector result in the production of goods
and services.

Question
Question 2.
2. Mention
Mention three
three sectors
sectors of
of economic
economic activities
activities with
with examples.
examples.

Answer
Answer

The three sectors of economic activities are:

#. Primary
Primary sector.
sector. It produces goods by exploiting natural resources. It includes agriculture,
forestry, mining, animal husbandry and fishing.
$. Secondary
Secondary sector.
sector. It converts all raw materials into finished goods such as manufacturing
industries and construction activities.
%. Tertiary
Tertiary sector.
sector. It includes trade, transportation, communication, education, health,
tourism and insurance etc. It helps in the smooth functioning of primary and secondary sectors.

Question
Question 3.3. What
What is
is an
an economic
economic activity?
activity? What
What are
are the
the di"erent
di"erent types
types of
of economic
economic
activities?
activities?

Answer
Answer

Economic activities are those activities which add value to the national income. The two types of
economic activities are:

#. Market
Market activities.
activities. These are those activities which involve remuneration to those who
perform the activities for wages or profit.
$. Non-market
Non-market activities.
activities. These activities refer to production activities which are performed
for self-consumption and processing of primary products and own account production of fixed
assets.

Question
Question 4.
4. What
What is
is the
the strategy
strategy of
of eleventh
eleventh plan
plan for
for education
education and
and literacy?
literacy?

Answer
Answer

The strategy focuses on increasing access, quality, adoption of states-specific curriculum

modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology. The
eleventh plan also focuses on distant education convergence of formal, non-formal, distant and IT
education institutions.

Question
Question 5.
5. Describe
Describe any
any three
three steps
steps taken
taken by
by government
government in
in the
the field
field of
of education.
education.

Answer
Answer

#. A child, too with investment made on his/her education can yield a higher return in future in
the form of higher earning and greater contribution to society.
$. Educated parents realise the importance of education.
%. They are conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene.

Question
Question 6.
6. Why
Why is
is human
human capital
capital the
the most
most important
important factor
factor of
of production?
production? Give
Give three
three
reasons.
reasons.

Answer
Answer

Human capital is the most important factor of production for the following reasons:

#. Human capital refers to the people who possess the knowledge and enterprise to put
together the other factors of production.
$. Investment in human capital yields a return just like investment in physical capital.
%. It is essential, as physical capital cannot produce goods and services on its own.

Question
Question 7.
7. Distinguish
Distinguish between
between market
market and
and non-market
non-market activities
activities with
with three
three points
points of
of
distinction.
distinction.

Answer
Answer

Market
Market Activities
Activities Non-market
Non-market Activities
Activities

(a)
(a) Market activities are those activities (a)
(a) Non-market activities include things
which include the production and which are not economic and comprise of
consumption of goods. exchange system.

(b)
(b) These activities are performed for pay or (b)
(b) These activities are performed for self-
profits. consumption.

(c)
(c) Example:
Example: A teacher teaching in a school (c)
(c) Example:
Example: Subsistence farming and
and a man working in a bank. processing of primary products.

Question
Question 8.
8. Mention
Mention any
any three
three features
features of
of National
National Health
Health Policy.
Policy.

Answer
Answer

The three features of National Health Policy are:

#. It aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare and family welfare.

$. It aims at improving nutritional services with a special focus on underprivileged segment of
the population.
%. It has improved the ratio of nurses, doctors and beds in the country.

Question
Question 9.
9. What
What do
do you
you understand
understand by
by ‘people
‘people as
as resource’?
resource’?

Answer
Answer

‘People as resource’ includes the following factors:

#. The people should be an asset and not a liability for the country.
$. They must contribute towards the betterment of the economy.
%. They must provide the economy with their skills and abilities so that they become a resource.
Thus, people as resource means ‘human resource’.

Question
Question 10.
10. Explain
Explain why
why Infant
Infant Mortality
Mortality Rate
Rate (IMR)
(IMR) and
and literacy
literacy rate
rate are
are considered
considered
to
to be
be indicators
indicators of
of human
human resource
resource development.
development.

Answer
Answer

Infant Mortality Rate is a factor that can be associated with the well-being of a population. High
infant mortality rates could reflect improper childcare owing to poverty, lack of education and
other factors. Similarly, the literacy rate reflects the quality of a population. An illiterate and
unhealthy population shows poor human development, whereas a literate and healthy population
shows proper human development. Thus, infant mortality rate and literacy rate are considered to
be indicators of human resource development.

Question
Question 11.
11. Why
Why is
is the
the health
health of
of people
people aa matter
matter of
of major
major concern
concern for
for the
the Indian
Indian
government?
government?

Answer
Answer

Health is an important determinant of the quality of production and in turn a"ects the overall
growth and development of a country. In spite of improvements in health, medical facilities,
decline in infant mortality rate etc. it continues to remain a matter of concern because:

#. Safe drinking water and basic amenities are still only available to one-third of the rural
population.
$. The per capita calorie consumption is still much below the recommended levels.

Question
Question 12.
12. What
What part
part does
does health
health play
play in
in the
the individual’s
individual’s working
working life?
life?

Answer
Answer

Health plays an important part in the individual’s working life because:

#. An unhealthy person cannot work e&ciently.

$. If the body is healthy then only the mind can perform well.
%. A healthy person is able to work harder and better, thus earning more and living a better life.

Question
Question 13.
13. What
What is
is the
the di"erence
di"erence between
between disguised
disguised unemployment
unemployment and
and seasonal
seasonal
unemployment?
unemployment?

Answer
Answer

Women are less educated than men because more preference is given to the boys or sons in the
family for education because they are considered as the future of the family. Traditionally, the
girls were expected to stay at home and look after domestic chores. So, education among girls
was not encouraged. Because of the above reasons, women are less educated than men.

Long
Long Answer
Answer Type
Type Questions
Questions

Question
Question 1.
1. What
What are
are the
the objectives
objectives of
of India’s
India’s national
national policy
policy on
on health?
health? Suggest
Suggest two
two
ways
ways in
in which
which the
the policy
policy objectives
objectives can
can be
be met.
met.

Answer
Answer

The objectives of the national health policy (2002) are as follow:

#. Enhancing the contribution of Private sector in providing health services for people who can
a"ord to pay.
$. Giving primacy for prevention and first line curative initiative.
%. Emphasising rational use of drugs.
'. Increasing access to tried systems of traditional medicine.

Some of the policy objectives can be met through the following methods:

#. Increasing the number of trained nurses or midwives to one per village.

$. Making available generic medicines (instead of branded medicines) at all government
dispensaries. There are many other methods for fulfilling the other policy objectives.

Question
Question 2.
2. Analyse the role of education in the formation of human capital formation.

Answer
Answer

The
The role
role of
of education
education in
in human
human capital
capital formation
formation is
is as
as follows:
follows:

#. Educated people earn more than the uneducated people.

$. Literate population is an asset to an economy.
%. It leads to higher productivity.
'. It opens new avenues for a person.
(. It provides new aspirations and develops values of life.
). It contributes to the growth of society.
*. It enhances the national income, cultural richness and the e&ciency of the governance

Question
Question 3.
3. Mention
Mention any
any three
three features
features of
of National
National health
health policy.
policy.

Answer
Answer

‘People as Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working people in term of their existing
production skills and abilities. Human resource is di"erent other resources for following reasons:

#. Human resource is di"erent from land and physical capital because only they can use other
resources.
$. Only human resource is living, active and sensitive factor of production.
%. Only human resource can think, analyse and take decisions.
'. Human resources add to productive power of country whereas land and physical capital
cannot be useful on their own.

Question
Question 4.
4. Describe
Describe five
five main
main features
features of
of Sarva
Sarva Shiksha
Shiksha Abhiyan.
Abhiyan.

Answer
Answer

The
The five
five main
main features
features of
of Sarva
Sarva Shiksha
Shiksha Abhiyan
Abhiyan are:
are:

#. It is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group
of 6-14 years.
$. It is a time-bound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the states, the
local government and the community for attaining the goal of universalisation of elementary
education.
%. In this, bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been introduced to increase the
enrolment in elementary education.
'. Mid-day meal scheme has been introduced to encourage attendance in schools and increase
their nutritional status.
(. These type of polices of the government could add to the literate minds and further the
economic development.

Question
Question 5.
5. Why
Why will
will aa firm
firm not
not like
like to
to employ
employ aa worker
worker with
with ill-health?
ill-health? How
How does
does it
it
a"ect
a"ect the
the working
working environment?
environment?

Answer
Answer
 A firm will not like to employ an ill-healthy worker because:

#. An unhealthy worker would not be able to contribute to the overall productivity of an

organisation.
$. An unhealthy worker is a liability rather than an asset for an organisation.
%. An unhealthy worker cannot contribute to the growth of the organisation.
'. An unhealthy worker does not work regularly and remains on leaves due to sickness.
(. It creates a gloomy atmosphere in the surroundings.

Question 6. What are the two types of unemployment found in rural areas? How does
unemployment a"ect the overall growth of an economy? Explain by giving four points.

Answer

Two types of unemployment found in rural areas are:

#. Seasonal Unemployment: Agriculture being a seasonal activity, most of the labour is

required during sowing and harvesting. At other times the labour is unemployed.
$. Disguised Unemployment: This occurs when all the members of a family of a small farmer
are working in the fields, but all may not be required. For instance, the farmer may require only
five labourers for the work, but because eight are available, all are working. Actually they are
working at less than full productivity.

Unemployment a"ects the overall growth of an economy as:

#. It is a wastage of manpower resource.

$. It increases the economic overload.
%. It tends to increase the number of dependent population.
'. Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.

Question 7. How does unemployment a"ect the overall growth of an economy?

Answer

The five e"ects of unemployment on the overall growth of an economy are:

#. It leads to wastage of manpower resource.

$. The people who are an asset become a liability.
%. It creates a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the young people. ‘
'. It increases economic overload, i.e., the dependence of unemployed on the working
population.
(. The quality of life of an individual gets a"ected.

Question 7. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but
later came up with many?

Answer

Health plays an important role in human capital formation for the following reasons:

#. Only a healthy person can perform to his full potential.

$. A healthy person can do the work in a more e"ective manner.
%. A healthy person can contribute to the growth and development of the economy by doing
productive work.
'. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation. Indeed, health is an
indispensable basis for realising one’s well-being.
(. Realising the importance of health, improvement in the health status of the population has
been the priority of the government.

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