BASKETBALL

• INTRODUCTION-
Basketball has emerged as one of the most
popular sports in the modern world. The game
had its origin in the United States of America in
the late 19th Century. Basketball has grown
exponentially in the last Century. The easier
accessibility of the game with limited
requirements has contributed to its growth. It
can be played both Indoor as well as Outdoor.
James Naismith, Canadian teaching in America
is credited with inventing the game of
Basketball in 1891 at Springfield,
Massachusetts, United States.
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• HISTORY-
• The game was invented as Naismith's effort
to engage his students of gym class in indoor
activity during a rainy day.
• The first official Basketball match was
played on January 20, 1892, at the YMCA
gymnasium in Albany with nine players.
• William R. Chase scored the only goal in the
first Basketball game.
• Naismith composed the early rules of the
game and the first sets of rules were published
in January 1892 issue of the Triangle (YMCA
training school campus paper).
• Senda Berenson modified the Naismith rules
to make it suitable for women-led the
foundations of the Women's Basketball in 1892
at Smith College (Northampton,
Massachusetts).
o The Women's National Basketball
Association (WNBA) was first organised in
1997.
o It is currently composed of twelve teams:
Indiana Fever, Los Angeles Sparks, Minnesota
Lynx, New York Liberty, Phoenix Mercury,
Atlanta Dream, Chicago Sky, Connecticut Sun,
Dallas Wings, Las Vegas Aces, Seattle Storm,
and Washington Mystics.
• Basketball was played with a Soccer Ball for
the first two years. The first laced Basketball
was produced in 1894. During 1950s Tony
Hinkle introduced the orange ball that is most
commonly used today.
• The originally used pitch baskets were
replaced by metal hoops with backboards in
1906.
• A number of players in each team varied. At
first, it was played with 10 players however by
1895, teams mutually agreed on a 5players
game. In 1897, rules mandated that the game
will be played by 5 players only.
• Basketball was introduced to other countries
such as Canada, France (1893), England
(1894), Japan (1900), Australia, China, and
India.
• The International Basketball Federation
(FIBA) was established in 1932. The eight
founding nations were Argentina,
Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia,
Portugal, Romania and Switzerland.
• Basketball became an Olympic sport in 1936
when the men's tournament was introduced at
the Berlin 1936 Summer Olympics.
o The Women's Basketball became was
introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
• The popularity of Basketball increased after
the Second World War.
o The Basketball Association of America
(BAA) was formed in 1946. The first league
game was played in Toronto (Canada) between
the Toronto Huskies and New York
Knickerbockers on November 1 1946.
o The BAA merged with the National
Basketball League (NBL) to form the National
Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949.
O The game was incorporated by American
Schools and Colleges which played an
important role in the development of sport at
the grassroots level. Several prominent leagues
and International players of the United States
were a product of College Basketball.
• Prominent Players-
MEN WOMEN
Michael Jordan Lisa Leslie

Magic Johnson Diana Taurasi

 Kareem Abdul- Maya Moore
Jabbar
Larry Bird Tamika Catchings

Hakeem Olajuwon Candace Parker

Wilt Chamberlain Lauren Jackson

Shaquille O'Neal Delle Donne

Elena
Kobe Bryant Sheryl Swoopes

LeBron James Sue Bird

Kevin Durant Ticha Penicheiro

Stephen Curry

• Equipment-
- Playing Court:
• The playing Court of Basketball is a flat, hard
surface free from obstructions 28 m in length by
15 m in width as measured from the inner edge of
the boundary line.
• All lines on the playing Court shall be of the
same colour and drawn in white or other
contrasting colours, 5 cm in width.
• The centre line divides the Court into two halves
and is marked parallel to the end lines from the
mid-point of the sidelines.
• The centre circle (a radius of 1.80 m measured
to the outer edge of the circumference) shall be
marked in the centre of the playing Court and
have.
-Backstop Unit:
• There are two backstop units (1 placed at each
end of the Court)
consisting of:
o 1 backboard with supporting structure
o 1 basket ring
o 1 basket net
o Padding
-Basketballs:
• The Basketball is spherical in shape with a
maximum of 12 seams not exceeding 6.35 mm in
width.
• Colour of the ball: Either a single shade of brown
or a colour combination approved by FIBA
• For all Men's competitions, a size 7 ball is used,
and a size 6 ball is
used for female competitions.
• Ball Size 7 6 5 Lightweight (5)
• Circumference 750-770mm 715-730mm 685-
700mm 685-700mm
• Weight 580-620g 510-550g 465-495g 360-390g

• Rules of the Game:

• A game of Basketball is played by two teams.

Each team consists:
o Not more than 12 players (5 players play the
game from each team) including a Captain.
o A head coach with a maximum of 8
accompanying delegation members.
• Each team is allowed to take:
o 2 timeouts during the first half (first and
second quarter)
o 3 timeouts during the second half with
a maximum of 2 timeouts when there is less than
2:00 minutes left in the fourth quarter.
o 1 timeout during each overtime play.
 o Only the head coach or first assistant
coach has the right to request a timeout.
• Duration of the game:
O The game consists of 4 quarters (10
minutes each) with 2 minutes interval between
first - second quarter and third and fourth quarter.
O A half time interval of 15 minutes is
taken after the second quarter.
O If the score is tied at the end of the 4th
quarter, the game continues with as many
overtimes of 5 minutes duration each as
necessary to break the tie.
• Goal:
o A goal is scored when the ball enters the basket
from above and remains within or passes through
the basket entirely.
▪ A goal scored from a free throw counts 1 point.
▪ A goal scored from the 2-point field goal area
counts 2 points.
▪ A goal scores from the 3-point field goal area
counts 3
points.
▪ If a player accidentally scores an own goal (goal
in his team's basket), the goal counts 2 points and
is considered as having been scored by the captain
of the opponents' team.
• Throw-in:
• A throw-in occurs when the ball is passed into
the playing Court by the out-of-bounds player
taking the throw-in.
• A throw-in occurs:
o At the beginning of play: The player taking the
throw-in shall have one foot on either side of the
centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table,
and the player can pass the ball by throwing to a
teammate at any place on the playing Court.
o After each personal foul, technical foul,
unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul: the game is
resumed with a throw-in from the nearest place of
a foul being committed.
• The player taking the throw-in shall is allowed a
maximum of 5
seconds to release the ball. The player cannot step
in the Court with the ball in hand and she/he
cannot touch the ball on the Court before it has
touched another player.
Foul:
• Personal foul, double foul, technical foul,
unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul and fighting
in between the game is considered as foul.
• Defensive fouls: Blocking, hand check, holding,
illegal hand use
• Offensive fouls: Charging, moving screen, over
the back.
• A player who has committed 5 fouls cannot take
further part in the game and shall be substituted
within 30 seconds.
• A team foul penalty is done when the team has
committed 4 team fouls in a quarter.
o When a team is in the team foul penalty
situation, all following player personal fouls
committed on a player, not in the act of
shooting shall be penalised by 2 free throws,
instead of a throw-in. The free throw is attempted
by the player on whom the foul was committed.
▪ A free throw is an opportunity given to a player
to score 1 point, without any contest from the
opponent, from a position behind the free-throw
line and inside the semicircle

• Terms Associated with Basketball-

• Airball, Alley-oop, Arm Bar, Backboard,
Backcourt, Bank shot, Blocked shot, Bounce pass,
Box out, Chest pass, Dead ball, Double dribble,
Double team, Double-double, Dribble, Dunk,
Elbow, End line, Fast break, Field goal, Free-
throw lane, Freethrow line, Frontcourt, Full-
court, Full-court press, Half-court, High post,
Blocking, hand check, holding, illegal hand use,
charging, moving screen, over the back, Inbounds,
Jump ball, Jump shot, Layup, Low post, Man
defence, Opening tip, Out of bounds, Outlet pass,
Palming, Personal foul, Pick and roll, Pivot foot,
Rebound, Shot clock, Sideline, Strongside,
Technical foul, Three-point line, Timeout, Top of
the key, Triple-double, Weakside and Zone
defense.

• Governing Bodies-
•Federation Internationale de Basketball (FIBA),
alternatively known as International Basketball
Federation is the governing body of international
Basketball.
• It was established on June 18 1932 at Geneva.
o Motto: We are Basketball
o Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Continental Federations:
o Africa: 54 members
o Americas: 43 members
o Asia: 44 members
o Europe: 50 federations
o Oceania: 22 federations

• International Tournaments-
• FIBA Basketball World Cup
o First Edition: 1950 (Host: Argentina, Champion:
Argentina)
o Most Successful team: United States (5 titles),
Yugoslavia (5titles)
o Latest Edition: 2019 (Host: China, Champion:
Spain)
• FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup
o First Edition: 1953 (Host: Chile, Champion:
United States)
o Most Successful team: United States (10 titles)
o Latest Edition: 2018 (Host: Spain, Champion:
United States)
• FIBA Intercontinental Cup
o First Edition: 1965 (Champion: Corinthians,
Brazil)
o Most Successful team: Real Madrid (5 titles)
o Latest Edition: 2020 (Champion: Iberostar
Tenerife, Spain)
• Olympics
o Most Successful Team (Men's): United States (15
titles)
o Most Successful team (Women's): United States
(8 titles)
• FIBA AfroBasket
• FIBA Asia Cup
• WABA Championship
• SEABA Championship
• FIBA AmeriCup
• Centrobasket Championship
• Tuto Marchand Cup
• Oscar Moglia Cup
• Israel Sarmiento Cup
• FIBA EuroBasket
• FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup
• The National Basketball Association (NBA) is one
of the most famous professional leagues of the
world.
o Established as the Basketball Association of
America (BAA)
in New York City on June 6, 1946, the league has
grown to be the dream destination of every
professional basketball player.
o The league consists of 30 teams (29 teams of
USA and 1 team of Canada), and some of the
prominent teams are Boston Celtics, Los Angeles
Lakers, Golden State Warriors, Chicago Bulls, San
Antonio Spurs, Miami Heat, New York Knicks,
Houston Rockets and Cleveland Cavaliers.
o Most titles: Boston Celtics (17 titles)

• Basketball in India:
• Basketball was introduced to India in the 1930s.
The first Indian Men's national Championship for
Basketball was played in 1934.
• The Basketball Federation of India was
established in 1950.
• In 2015, Gursimran "Sim" Bhullar became the
first player of Indian descent to play in NBA.
• Satnam Singh Bhamara created history by
becoming the first Indian to be selected in the
NBA. He was selected by Dallas Mavericks.
• The year 2019 saw the first NBA games being
played in India. Two games were played between
the Sacramento Kings and Indiana Pacers on 4th
and 5th October 2019 at the NSCI Dome in
Mumbai.
• UBA Pro Basketball League was the first
professional Basketball league of India. It was first
played in 2015.
• The Indian Men's Basketball team has qualified
for the FIBA Asia Championship 24 times.
o The team was part of the 1980 Olympic Games
and has won 3 gold medals (1995, 1999 and 2004)
at South Asian Games.
o The team won Gold at 2014 Lusofonia Games.
o Prominent players: Jaideep Dhaliwal, Khusi Ram,
Ajmer Singh Chopra, Sozhasingarayer Robinson,
Amjyot Singh Gill, Satnam Singh, Abbas Moontasir,
Jayasankar Menon, Ram Kumar, Hanuman Singh
Rathore, Radhey Shyam, Vishesh Bhriguvanshi,
and Amritpal Singh.
• The Indian Women's Basketball team represents
India in international tournaments.
o Geethu Anna Rahul became the first Indian
player to play professionally in Australia,
representing the Ringwood Hawks from 2006-
2008.
o Prominent players: Geethu Anna Rahul, Suman
Sharma, Prashanti Singh, Akanksha Singh and
Anitha Pauldurai