Solution

MATHS TEST

Class 10 - Mathematics

1.
(d) an irrational number
–
Explanation: Let √2 is a rational number.
– p
∴ √2 = , where p and q are some integers and HCF(p, q) = 1 .... (1)
q
–
⇒ √2q = p
– 2 2
⇒ (√2q) = p

2 2
⇒ 2q = p

⇒ p2 is divisible by 2
⇒ p is divisible by 2 .... (2)
Let p = 2m, where m is some integer.
–
∴ √2 = p
–
⇒ √2q = 2m
– 2 2
⇒ (√2q) = (2m)

2 2
⇒ 2q = 4m

2 2
⇒ q = 2m

⇒ q2 is divisible by 2
⇒ q is divisible by 2 .... (3)
From (2) and (3), 2 is a common factor of both p and q, which contradicts (1).
Hence, our assumption is wrong.
–
Thus, √2 is an irrational number.
2. (a) 60
Explanation: HCF = (23 × 32 × 5, 22 × 33 × 52, 24 × 3 × 53 × 7)
HCF = Product of smallest power of each common prime factor in the numbers
= 22 × 3 × 5 = 60
3. Here:
a = x3y2, and b = xy3
LCM = Product of highest powers of x and y
so, LCM = x3y3
4.
(b) − 3

Explanation: Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial p(x) = 4x 2
+ 3x + 7
− Coefficient of x −3
α + β = =
Coefficient of x2 4

Constant term 7
αβ = =
2 4
coefficient of x
−3

β +α −3 −3
Now, 1

α
+
1

β
=
αβ
=
4

7
=
4
×
4

7
=
7

4
−3
Thus, the value of 1

a
+
β
1
is 7
.

5. One zero = −5
product of zeroes = 0
∴ Other zero =
0
= 0
−5

Sum of zeroes = −5 + 0 = −5
Polynomial p(x) = x − (S)x + P 2

= x + 5x
2

6.
(d) x = 1, y = 2

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 Explanation: 29x + 37y=103 .......(i)
37x+29y=95 .........(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 66 (x + y) = 198 ⇒ x + y = 3.
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 8 (y - x) = 8 ⇒ y - x = 1.
Solve above equations we get
x = 1, y = 2
7.
(d) 1
Explanation: 2x - 3y + 7 = 0
2(-2) -3p + 7 = 0
3p = 3
⇒ p = 1

8.
(c) b2 - 4ac
Explanation: Discriminant of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is D = b2 - 4ac
−3
9. (a) 2, 2

Explanation: The given quadratic equation is 2x2 - x - 6 = 0

2x2 - x - 6 = 0
⇒ 2x2 - 4x + 3x - 6 = 0
⇒ 2x (x-2) + 3 (x-2) = 0
⇒ x - 2 = 0 or 2x + 3 = 0

⇒ x = 2 or x = -3/2

Thus, the roots of the given equation are 2 and -3/2

10. The given equation is 2x2 - 5x - 3 = 0

On substituting x = 4 in the given equation, we get
LHS = 2 × 42 - 5 × 4 - 3 = (32 - 20 - 3) = 9 ≠ 0
Thus, LHS ≠ RHS
∴ x = 4 is not a solution of 2x2 - 5x - 3 = 0
11.
(d) 74
Explanation: an = a + (n - 1)d
a20 = -2 + 19 × 4 = 74

12.
(d) -77
Explanation: We have AP: 10, 7, 4,...
Here, a = 10, d = 7 - 10 = - 3 and n = 30
We know:
an = a + (n - 1)d
or, a30 = 10 + (30 - 1)(-3)
= 10 + 29(-3)
= 10 - 87
a30 = -77
13. We know that nth term is: an= a + (n-1) d
Here, an = 64
∴ 64 = a + (n -1) d
⇒ 64 = 4 + (n-1)3
⇒ 60 = (n - 1)3
⇒ 20 = n - 1

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 ⇒ n = 21
So, 64 is the 21st term of the given A.P.
14. 1

3
,
5

3
,
9

3
,
13

3
,.....

First term (a) = 1

Common difference (d) = 5

3
−
1

3
=
4

15.
(b) ± 3
Explanation: Point A(x, 4) is on a circle with centre O(0, 0) and radius = 5
−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−
2 2
∴ OA = √(x − 0) + (4 − 0) = √x + 16
−−−−−−
2 2
∴ √x + 16 = 5 ⇒ x + 16 = 25

Squaring on both sides, we get

2 2
⇒ x = 25 − 16 = 9 = (±3)

∴ x = ±3

16.
(b) (2, 0)
Explanation: Let the required point be P(x, 0). Then,
2 2 2 2
PA = PB ⇒ (x + 1) = (x − 5)

2 2
⇒ x + 2x + 1 = x − 10x + 25

⇒ 12x = 24 ⇒ x = 2

So, the required point is P(2, 0).

17. Let us assume that the line AB is divided by x axis in the ratio of K : 1 so the point lies on x axis, So, coordinates of this point are
5k+3 3k−6
( , )
k+1 k+1

As the point lies on x axis,

(3k−6)
⇒ = 0
(k+1)

⇒ (3k − 6) = 0 × (k + 1)

⇒ 3k − 6) = 0

⇒ k= 6

⇒ k=2
So, the x-axis divides the the line segment in the ratio 2 : 1.
18. (a) cos A
Explanation: (sec A + tan A)(1 − sin A)
1 sin A
= ( + ) (1 − sin A)
cos A cos A

2
1+SinA 1−Sin A
= [ ] × (1 − SinA) =
CosA CosA

2
cos A
= = cos A
cos A

Hence, the correct choice is cos A

2
5(2) −0
19. Required value = 2
4( √3)

20 5
= 12
or 3

20. HCF of two or more numbers is the biggest common factor which divides all the said numbers exactly.
Now, by applying Euclid’s Division lemma to 240 and 6552 we get
6552 = 240 × 27 + 72.
Since remainder ≠ 0, apply division lemma on divisor 240 and remainder 72 gives
240 = 72 × 3 + 24.
Since remainder ≠ 0, apply division lemma on divisor 72 and remainder 24 gives
72 = 24 × 3 + 0.
Here we get the remainder =0
Hence, HCF of 6552 and 240 is 24.
21. we have x2 - 4√3x + 3 = 0
–

–
If α and β are the zeroes of x 2
− 4√3x+3
then, α + β = − b

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 (−4√3)
⇒ α + β = −
1
–
α + β = 4√3

Now, αβ = c

a
3
⇒ αβ =
1

⇒ αβ = 3
–
∴α + β − αβ = 4√3 − 3

22. No
We may rewrite the equations as
4x + 3y = 6
12x + 9y = 15
a1 b1 c1
Here, a2
=
1

3
,
b2
=
1

3
and c2
=
2

a1 b1 c1
As a2
=
b2
≠
c2
, the given equations do not represent a pair of coincident lines.
23. The given equation is:
u2 + 5ku + 16 = 0
If we compare the given equation with the general form, i.e
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get,
a = 1, b = 5k, c = 16
Now,
Discriminant, D = b2 - 4ac
For, the equation to have real and equal roots, D should be equal to zero.
b2 - 4ac = 0
(5k)2 - 4 × 1 × 16 = 0
(5k)2 =4 × 16
25k2 = 4 × 16
k2 = 4×16

25
−−−−
k = ±√ 4×16

25
​
k=± 2×4

k=± 8

5
−8
∴ k= 8

5
or k = 5

24. Let a be the first term and d be the common difference.

7
(2a + 6 d) = 49
2

a + 3d = 7 ...(i)
S17 = 289
17
(2a + 16 d) = 289
2

a + 8d = 17 ...(ii)
solving (i) and (ii)
d=2&a=1
20
S20 = [2(1) + 19(2)]
2

= 400
2n−3
25. Here we have, An = 6

Put n = 1
2(1)−3 −1
A1 = 6
=
6

Put n = 2
2(2)−3
A2 = 6
=
1

Put n = 3
2(3)−3
A3 = 6
=
3

6
=
1

Put n = 4

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 2(4)−3
A4 = 6
=
5

Put n = 5
2(5)−3
A5 = 6
=
7

26. Let us denote the points A(20, 3), B(19, 8) and C(2, –9) are all equidistant from the point (7, 3) by P.
Then,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−
P A = √(7 − 20) + (3 − 3) = √169 = 13 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−−−−− −−−
P B = √(7 − 19) + (3 − 8) = √144 + 25 = √169 = 13 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−−− −− −−−
P C = √(7 − 2) + (3 + 9) = √25 + 144 = √169 = 13 units

Since PA = PB = PC
∴ (20, 3), (19, 8) and (2 – 9) are all equidistant from the point (7, 3)
∘
cos( 45 )
27. We have ∘ ∘
sec( 30 )+ cosec( 30 )
1

√2
=
2
+2
√3

√2
=
1
2( +1)
√3

1
=
1+√3
2√2( )
√3

√3
=
2√2(1+ √3)

it is clear that the denominator has an irrational number, we need to rationalize it, we get
√3 √2(1− √3)
= ×
2√2(1+ √3) √2(1− √3)

√2( √3−3)
=
2 2
2(2)( 1 −( √3) )

√6−3√2
=
4(1−3)

√6−3√2
=
4(−2)

√6−3√2
=
−8

3√2− √6
=
8
1
1+
1+sec A
28. LHS =
c os A
=
sec A 1

c os A
c os A+1

c os A
= = cos A + 1 = 1 + cos A
1

c os A

(1+cos A)(1−cos A) 2
1− cos A
= =
1−cos A 1−cos A
2
sin A 2 2
= ⋅ ∵ sin A + cos A= 1
1−cos A

= RHS
29. Prime factorisation of 404 and 96 is:
404 = 2 × 2 × 101
or 404 = 22 × 101
96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
or 96 = 25 × 3
∴ HCF(404,96 )= 22 = 4
LCM(404, 96 ) = 101 × 25 × 3
LCM( 404, 96) = 9696
Now we have to verify that,
HCF(404, 96) × LCM(404, 96) = 404× 96
Hence, LHS = HCF × LC M = 4 × 9696 = 38784
RHS = Product of numbers = 404 × 96 = 38784
Since, LHS = RHS

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 ∴ HCF × LCM = Product of 404 and 96.
Hence verified.
30. The given polynomial is
p(x) = 6x2 -7x -3
Factorize the above quadratic polynomial, we have
6x2 -7x -3 = 6x2 -9x + 2x - 3
= 3x(2x - 3) + 1(2x - 3)
= (3x + 1)(2x - 3)
For p(x) = 0, either 3x + 1 = 0 or 2x - 3 = 0
−1 3
⇒ x = or x =
3 2

Verification:we have a = 6, b = -7, c = -3

−1 3 7
Sum of zeroes = 3
+
2
=
6

−b −(−7) 7
Also, a
=
6
=
6

−1
Now, product of zeroes= (− 1

3
) ×
3

2
=
2

c −3 −1
Also, a
=
6
=
2

31. Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively
Thus, the number is 10y + x.
The sum of the two digits of the number is 9.
Thus, we have x + y = 9 .....(i)
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10x + y .
Also, 9 times the number is equal to twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits.
Thus, we have
9(10y + x) = 2(10x + y)

⇒ 90y + 9x = 20x + 2y

⇒ 20x + 2y − 90y − 9x = 0

⇒ 11x − 88y = 0

⇒ 11(x − 8y) = 0

⇒ x − 8y = 0 .....(ii)
So, we have the systems of equations
x + y = 9,
x - 8y = 0
Here x and y are unknowns.
Substituting x = 8y from the second equation to the first equation, we get
8y + y = 9

⇒ 9y = 9
9
⇒ y =
9

⇒ y = 1

Substituting the value of y in the second equation, we have

x − 8 × 1 = 0

⇒ x − 8 = 0

⇒ x = 8

∴ the number is 10 × 1 + 8 = 18
32. Given equation is (2p + 1)x2 – (7p + 2)x + (7p – 3) = 0
Comparing with standard quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = (2p + 1), b = – (7p + 2) and c = (7p – 3)
Given that the roots of equation are real and equal
Thus D = 0
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = 0
[– (7p + 2)]2 – 4.(2p + 1).(7p – 3) = 0
Using (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2, we get
(49p2 + 28p + 4) – 4(14p2 + p – 3) = 0

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 49p2 + 28p + 4 – 56p2 – 4p + 12 = 0
– 7p2 + 24p + 16 = 0
7p2 – 24p – 16 = 0
7p2 – 28p + 4p – 16 = 0
7p(p – 4) + 4(p – 4) = 0
(7p + 4) (p – 4) = 0
(7p + 4) = 0 or (p – 4) = 0
−4
p= 7
or p = 4
The values of p are −4

7
or 4 for which roots of the quadratic equation are real and equal.
5
33. ∵ one root of eqn is 2

So, 2x2 - 8x - k = 0
Putting x = 5

2
2
5 5
2 × ( ) − 8 × − k = 0
2 2

25

2
− 4 × 5 − k = 0 ​
25

2
− 20 = k ​
−15
k =
2
​
Now for second root
−b
∵ α + β =
a
​
−(−8)
5

2
+ β =
2
​
8−5
β = 4 −
5

2
=
2
=
3

2
​
34. Let the volume of the cylinder be 16 litres(a1).
Air removed by pump = 1

4
× 16 = 4 litres

Air present after first removal = 16 - 4 = 12 litres(a2)

Air again removed = 1

4
× 12 = 3litres

Air present after second removal = 12 - 3 = 9 litres(a3)

The amount of air present in the cyinder is the series
16,12,9.....
a2 - a1 = 12-16 = -4
a3 - a2 = 9-12 = -3
Since the difference is not same. This is not A.P.
35. The general term of an AP is given by an=a+(n-1)d and Sn= [2a+(n-1)d]. n

Given that a2=14 and a3=18

So, d=a3-a2=18-14=4
Now, a2=14 ⇒ a+4=14 ⇒ a=10
51
Also, S51= 2
[2(10)+(50)4]
⇒ S51= 51

2
[20+200]
⇒ S51= 51

2
[220]
⇒ S51=51× 110
⇒ S51=5610
36. The distances of P (x, y) from A (5,1) and B (-1,5) are equal, then we have to prove that 3x = 2y.
PA = PB
∴ PA2 = PB2
By distance formula,
(5 - x)2 + (1 - y)2= (-1 - x)2 + (5 - y)2
⇒25 - 10x + x2 + 1 - 2y + y2 = 1 + 2x + x2 + 25 - 10y + y2
⇒ -10x - 2y = 2x - 10y

⇒ 8y = 12x

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 ⇒ 4(2y)= 4(3x)
⇒ 3x = 2y
Hence Proved.
37. We have,
LHS = (cosecθ - sinθ) (secθ - cosθ)
1 1
⇒ LHS = ( − sin θ) ( − cos θ)
sin θ cos θ

2 2
1− sin θ 1− cos θ
⇒ LHS = ×
sin θ cos θ

(since, sin2A+cos2A =1)

2 2
cos θ sin θ
⇒ LHS = ×
sin θ cos θ
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ 1
⇒ LHS = = =
1 2 2 sin 2 θ+c os2 θ
sin θ+ cos θ

sin θ c os θ

1 1
⇒ LHS = = = RHS
2 2 tan θ+cot θ
sin θ c os θ
+
sin θ c os θ sin θ c os θ

38. We have to express the trigonometric ratios sin A, sec A and tan A in terms of cot A.
For sin A,
By using identity cosec A − cot A = 1 2 2

2 2
⇒ cosec A = 1 + cot A
1 2
⇒ = 1 + cot A
2
sin A
2 1
⇒ sin A=
2
1+ cot A

1
⇒ sin A =
√1+ cot 2 A

For sec A,
By using identity sec 2
A − tan
2
A= 1

2 2
⇒ sec A = 1 + tan A
2
2 1 cot A+1
⇒ sec A= 1 + =
2 2
cot A cot A
2
2 1+ cot A
⇒ sec A=
2
cot A

√1+ cot 2 A
⇒ sec A =
cot A

For tanA,
1
tan A =
cot A

39. Given: tan θ = 8

15
…(1)
By definition,
Perpendicular
tan θ =
Base
…... (2)
By Comparing (1) and (2)
We get,
Base = 15k and
Perpendicular = 8k

Therefore,
By Pythagoras theorem,
2 2 2
AC = AB + BC

Now we substitute the value of base side (AB) and the perpendicular side (BC) and get hypotenuse (AC)
2 2 2
AC = (15k) + (8k)

2 2 2
AC = 225k + 64k

2 2
AC = 289k
−−−
AC = √289k

AC = 17k

Hence, Hypotenuse = 17k

Perpendicular
Now, sin θ = Hypotenuse

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 Therefore,
8
sin θ =
17

Next, cosecθ =
1

sin θ

Therefore,
Hypotenuse
cosecθ =
Perpendicular

17
cosecθ =
8

Next, cos θ = Base

Hypotenuse

Therefore,
15
cos θ =
17

Next, sec θ = 1

cos θ

Therefore,
Hypotenuse
sec θ =
Base
17
sec θ =
15
1
Finally, cot θ = tan θ

Therefore,
Base
cot θ =
Perpendicular

15
cot θ =
8

40. The given AP is 3, 8, 13, ..., 253

Here, a = 3
d=8-3=5
l = 253
Let the number of terms of the AP be n.
Term, nth term = l
⇒ 3 + (n - 1)5 = 253 ∵ a = a + (n − 1)d
n

⇒ (n - 1)5 = 253 - 3

⇒ (n - 1)5 = 250
250
⇒ n− 1 =
5

⇒ n - 1 = 50
⇒ n = 50 + 1
⇒ n = 51
So, there are 51 terms in the given AP.
Now, 20th term from the last term
= (51 - 20 + 1)th term from the beginning
= 32th term from the beginning
= 3 + (32 - 1)5 ∵ a = a + (n − 1)d
n

= 3 + 155
= 158
Hence, the 20th term from the last term of the given AP is 158.
Aliter. Let us write the given AP in the reverse order.
Then the AP becomes 253, 248, 243, ...., 3
Here, a = 253
d = 248 - 253 = -5
Therefore, required term
= 20th term of the AP
= 253 + (20 - 1) (-5) ∵ a = a + (n − 1)d
n

= 253 - 95
= 158
Hence, the 20th term from the last term of the given AP is 158.
41. Let the vertex of triangles are A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3)
and L(3,4),M(4,6) and N(5,7) are the midpoints of side AB, BC and AC respective.
Since, L, M and N are mid-point than they divide the sides AB, BC and AC in the ratio of 1:1

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Midpoint formula
x1 + x2
x =
2
y +y
1 2
y =
2

So,
x1 + x2
= 3
2

x1 + x2 = 6 ..... (1)
y +y
1 2
= 4
2

y1 + y2 = 8 ..... (2)
by the same way
x2 + x3 = 8 .... (3)
y2 + y3 = 12 ... (4)
x1 + x3 = 10 .... (5)
y1 + y3 = 14 ... (6)
Subtract eq (3) and (5)
x2 - x1 = 2 .... (7)
subtract eq. (4) and (6)
y2 - y1 = -2 ... (8)
on adding eq. (1) and (7)
x1 + x2 = 6
-x1 + x2 = -2
2x2 = 4
x2 = 2
Therefore x1 = 4 and x3 = 6
on adding eq. (2) and (8), we get
y1 + y2 = 8
-y1 + y2 = -2
2y2 = 6
y2 = 3
Therefore, y1 = 5 and y3 = 9
So A(4, 5), B(2, 3) and C(6, 9).

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