Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

1st Periodical Examination in Community Engagement, Solidarity,

and Citizenship Reviewer

WEEK 1 – INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY Engagement - an arrangement to do something or go

ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP somewhere
-Commitment -Assurance -Contract
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND -Obligation -Bond -Oath
CITIZENSHIP -Pact -Compact -Motivation
Application of ideas and methods of social
sciences to understand, investigate, and Solidarity - unity or agreement of feeling or action,
examine challenges of contemporary among individuals with a common interest; mutual
community life. support within a group.
Community-action initiatives such as
community engagement, solidarity, and Citizenship - position or status of being a citizen of a
citizenship as guided by the core values of particular country.
human rights, social justice, empowerment and • Character of an individual viewed as
advocacy, gender equality, participatory a member of society, behavior in terms of duties,
development. obligations, and functions of a citizen
Aims at enhancing students’ sense of shared
identity and willingness to contribute to the Community engagement - process of working
pursuit of the common good of the collaborative with and through groups of people affiliated
community. by geographic proximity, special interest or similar
To integrate applied social sciences into situations to address issues affecting the well-being of
community-action initiatives. those people.

Community - a group of people living in the same place WEEK 2 – COMMUNITY DYNAMICS
or having a particular characteristic in common.
• Feeling of fellowship with others, as a result of Community – a group of people
sharing common attitudes, interests, and goals.
Dynamics – self-motivated person, active person,
• Self-organized network of people with common
energetic person, known as “Dynamics for Development
agenda, cause, or interest, who collaborate by of the Community”
sharing ideas, information. - Forces/properties that stimulate growth,
development change within a system/ process.
Society - larger more encompassing entity often involves -
multiple communities encompassing a broader Community-Dynamics – is the process of change and
development within communities.
geographical, cultural, and social scope.
- Strive to bring about positive social change
through community-based programming.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMMUNITY & SOCIETY

SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMUNITY DYNAMICS
• To work with community to think creatively and
act strategically so that community can achieve
their goals.
• Believes that creative and sustainable
programming that works to raise the quality of
living for those most vulnerable to poverty and
exploitation.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

FACTORS IN COMMUNITY DYNAMICS WEEK 3 – COMMUNITY

1. Citizen Participation – ranges from apathy to
widespread and may be uninformed or
COMMUNITY
obstructive with the goal being self-care.
- Citizen involvement in public decision making; • Belongingness
process in which ordinary people take part – • Togetherness
whether on voluntary/obligatory basis or whether • Camaraderie
acting alone or as a part of a group with the goal • Similar state of peaceful social relations
of influencing a decision – involving significant
choice that will affect their community.
2. Power and Decision-making – Equal access to
power, decision making at all levels. Reside in COMMUNITY FROM THE SOCIOLOGICAL
the political system or unevenly among STANDPOINT…
organizational leaders. ➢ A social group with common territorial base.
3. Collaboration Efforts – ability of the community
to work together as a team of citizens,
professional and lay people to meet needs.
DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY
Community Action - Campaigns undertaken by the 1. Greeks -it means “fellowship,” i.e. a group of
people living in a particular place. people who come together for mutual support
Ex. Poor housing became a focus for community and to fulfill their basic needs.
action. 2. Cole and Knowles (2001) - Cluster of individual
Includes a broad range of activities and is lives make-up communities, societies, and
sometimes described as ‘social action’ or ‘ cultures. To understand some of the
community engagement.’ complexities, complications, and confusion within
the life of just one member of a community are to
gain insights into the collective.
WHY IS COMMUNITY ACTION IMPORTANT? 3. Boothroyd (1990) - human system of more than
1. Building community and social capacity – two people in which the members interact
helping the community to share knowledge, personally overtime, in which behavior and
skills, and ideas. activity are guided by collectively evolved norms
2. Community resilience – helping the community or collective decisions.
to support itself. 4. Roberts (1979) - a collection of people who have
3. Prevention – focus on early access to services become aware of some problem or some broad
or support, engagement in design, cross-sector goal, who have gone through a process of
collaboration, and partnerships. learning about themselves and their
4. Maintaining and creating wealth – example, environment, and have formulated a group
helping people into employment or developing objective
community enterprises.

Community action is about putting communities at the

heart of their own local services. Involving communities in COMMUNITY IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCE
the design and delivery of services can help to achieve a PERSPECTIVE
number of objectives. It is here to work with community to Social Science- branch of science that deals with the
think creatively and act strategically so that community institutions and functioning of human society and with the
can achieve their goals. Quality of living for those most interpersonal relationships of individuals as members of
vulnerable to poverty and exploitation. society.
➢ A group of academic disciplines that examine society
and how people interact and develop as a culture.
“WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING ➢ Provides an understanding of how the world works
YOUR COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND COMMUNITY using social and behavioral explanations.
ACTION FOR YOUR FUTURE CAREER?
➢ “It offers you an option what career path
should you take”

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

SOME BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE COMMUNITY IN THE SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE

1. Sociology – scientific study of patterned, shared • describe the social and political networks that
human behavior. connect individuals, organizations, and its
• social structure leaders. Clear understanding of the different
• relations networks is crucial in planning how to engage in
• institutions and culture community activities.
• seeks to understand how social forces shape
individual lives and behaviors.
• Analyzes humans interaction.
COMMUNITY IN THE VIRTUAL PERSPECTIVE
2. Anthropology -scientific study of man, his works, his
Virtual Community - social groups or groups with a
body, his behavior and values within a specific time
common interest that interact in an organized fashion
and space.
using the internet.
• man’s physical, social, and cultural development
that describe and explain the phenomenon of
Virtual or Online communities - social network of
human life.
individuals who connect through specific social media,
3. Political Science – Systematic study of a state and
potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries
its government, with the relationship of men in the
in order to pursue mutual interests or goals.
community, with relation of men and groups to the
state itself and the relations of a state with other
sovereign states abroad.
COMMUNITY IN THE INDIVIDUAL PERSPECTIVE
• addresses important relevant questions, from the
• Individuals who are living in a community have
protection of rights and the organization of power
their unique sense of membership. Sense of
within countries to international relations and
membership can be change overtime and will
terrorism.
affect the degree of participation in community
4. Political Economy - designed to prepare future
activities.
leaders and thinkers with a deep understanding of
global political and economic transformations and the
legal frameworks and contexts within which such
COMMUNITY AS GROUP
changes take place.
1. Interaction between the members of a
5. Psychology - the scientific study of behavior and
community is present.
mental processes. Behavior encompasses everything
2. Members share one or more goals, which call
that people do that can be observed, while mental
for group action.
processes refer to thoughts, feelings, motives, and
3. Most of the members adhere to a set of norms
other unobservable phenomena.
or standards that serve as guides to their goal
directed behavior and interpersonal relationship.
4. There is a stable set of roles.
COMMUNITY IN THE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE
5. Pattern of interpersonal attractions emerge,
• made up of different parts that represent
showing the likes and dislikes of the members
individual functions, activities, each operating
of the community.
within specific boundaries to meet the needs of
the community.
WHO COMPOSE THE COMMUNITY? OR SOCIETY
• the key to this perspective is that to address
You, me, and us
the community’s complex reality successfully
requires proper integration, collaboration and
constant coordination of resources from all its
WHAT IS THE BASIC UNIT OF COMMUNITY OR
parts.
SOCIETY?
Family

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMMUNITY WEEK 4 – VALUES INTEGRATION: UNITY

• Territory • “Together we stand, divided we fall.” (John F.
• Close and informal relationships Kennedy)
• Mutuality • “As a body is one though it has many parts and
• Common values and beliefs all the parts of the body.” (Bible excerpt)
• Organized interaction • Each part of the body is unique and important.
• Strong group feeling • Like us each of us is unique and our uniqueness
• Cultural similarity can help strengthen our community.

The Common Good - belongs to a family of concepts

VARIOUS TYPES OF COMMUNITY that relate to goodness rather than rightness.
1. Urban - urban area/urban
agglomeration is a human settlement with high population COMMON GOOD
density and infrastructure of built environment. (Common Wealth, General Welfare, Public Benefits)
Created through urbanization and • It is what shared and beneficial for all.
categorized as cities, towns, conurbation, suburb. • what is achieved by citizenship, collective action,
2. Rural - rural area or countryside is a geographic and active participation in the realm of public
area that is located outside towns and cities. service.
• -Typical rural areas have a low population • the benefits or interest for all
density and small settlements. Agricultural areas
are commonly rural, as are other types of areas HOW CAN I CONTRIBUTE TO ATTAINING IT?
such as forest. • The members of a community provide to all
3. Slum - a highly populated urban residential members to fulfill a relational obligation they all
area consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit have to care for certain interests that they have
housing units in a situation of deteriorated or in common.
incomplete infrastructure, inhabited primarily by • taking into consideration what is good for
impoverished persons. everybody and not only for you.
4. Subdivision - act of dividing land into pieces that • “Less for self, more for others, enough for
are easier to sell or otherwise develop, usually via all.”
a plat. If it is used for housing it is typically known
as a housing subdivision or housing 1. Socio-political structure - body that has both
development, although some developers tend to social and political components, an institution in
call these areas communities. making the laws for society.
Ex: security, poverty, national wealth, income inequality,
Civil Society -"third sector" of society, distinct from social integration, and political conflicts
government and business, and including the family and 2. Economic structure - the underlying framework,
the private sphere. By other authors, "civil society" is that enables a country or region to produce
used in the sense of: goods, services, and other resources with
1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations exchange value.
and institutions that manifest interests and will of Ex: Transportation and communications systems,
citizens or industrial facilities, education, and technology
2) individuals and organizations in a society which 3. Cultural structure - characteristics, people, and
are independent of the government. beliefs, relationships, norms, values, etc.
Ex: Customs, laws, dress, architectural style, social
Remember that Civil Society: standards, and traditions
Comprises non-state actors, including non-for-profit and
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), farmers,
women, the scientific and technological community,
youth, and children, indigenous peoples and their
communities, workers, and trade unions.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

COMMUNITIES Community Participation - a major method for

1. Cultural Communities - social group of any size improving the quality of the physical environment,
whose members reside in a specific locality, enhancing services, preventing crime, and improving
social conditions.
shared government, and often have a cultural
and historical heritage.
IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY
Indigenous People - “first peoples”, “aboriginal peoples”, POWER DYNAMICS
“native peoples” • Know who has the authority to make community
• are ethnic groups who are the original inhabitants decisions
of a given region • Know who controls/influences resources
• Know who is not part of the decision-making
• they maintain traditions of an early culture that is
process that should be.
associated with a given region.
• Know how to build community power from both
within and outside of the community.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS • Enable us to develop more inclusive, effective
Republic Act 8371- “An act to recognize, protect, and community programs.
promote the rights of indigenous cultural
communities/indigenous people, creating a national Remember that:
commission of indigenous people, establishing Each organization has a leader to lead and manage the
implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds therefor, group. A leader has great role in motivating members and
and for other purpose.” others to move with passion toward a common goal.

2. Economic Communities - any Leader - person who leads; the one in charge, a person
who direct, a person who has commanding authority
economic/political alliance designed to foster
• Empowers, inspires, leads, and develops a
trade and cooperation shared vision with the community.
• to reduce trade barriers and to increase • a process where a person influences others to
cooperation among its members accomplish an objective
• directs the organization in a way that makes it
ECONOMIC RIGHTS OF A CHILD more cohesive and coherent
a. Right to an adequate standard of living – • process of social influence in which one person
Housing and Food can enlist the aid and support of others in the
accomplishment of a common task.
b. Right to survival and development – Health
and Education
c. Protection from child labour TO BE A LEADER:
• must have an honest understanding of who you
3. Socio-political Communities - is something are, what you know, and what you can and
that involve both social and political factor cannot do; “know thyself”
• Know your personal strengths and weaknesses
SOCIO-POLITICAL COMMUNITY RIGHTS • discipline yourself in order to lead your team
effectively
a. Rights to protect individual freedom from
infringement from government, social Remember that:
organization and private individual Leadership is about Relationship building. It’s not
b. Rights to ensure ones ability to participate in the always about a product, technological advance or
civil and political life of the society and state delivering results; it is more of a human endeavor.
without discrimination or repression
FOUR MAJOR FACTORS OF LEADERSHIP
WEEK 5 – COMMUNITY POWER & LEADERSHIP • the follower
• the leader
Community power – Where in organizations, institutions • the situation
and other groups in the community engage and • communication
collaborate together to achieve the community’s goals.
• majority of the project or organization’s social Communication - The exchange of information and
and economic benefits are distributed locally. ideas from one person to another.
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

• A leader communicates standards by

example and by what behaviors they ignore,
reward, punish or counsel.

Situation- Leaders must use their judgement to decide

for the best course of action and the leadership style
needed in every situation. What leaders do in one
situation will not always work in another.

LEADERSHIP STYLES WORDS OF WISDOM:

1. Authoritarian Leadership/Autocratic - makes 1. Service to others is the rent you pay for
decisions alone as power is centralized in one your room here on earth.
person. Decisions are enforced using rewards ➢ Muhammad Ali
and fear of punishment. An abusive,
unprofessional style called “bossing people 2. Only a life lived in the service to others
around.” is worth living.
2. Participative/Democratic Leadership - includes ➢ Albert Einstein
one or more employees or people from the
community in the decision-making process. 3. The happiest people I know are those
• leader involves team members while who lose themselves in the service of
making critical decisions. others.
• works well for an organization where ➢ Gordon B. Hinckley
team members are highly skilled and
experienced.
• communication is active upward to
downward.
• requires the leader to be intelligent, Prepared by:
creative, considerate, and competent. MARCUS JAHRED A. CARAIG
3. Laissez-Faire Leadership/Free Reign Leader - KIRSTEN FAITH N. SARROL
gives power to subordinates to make the ELICIA D. MAGSINO
decisions
ALTHEA V. MONTALBO
• leader is still responsible for the
decisions that are made. CHARLZ WAYNE A. FELIPE
• Delegative style is generally not useful.
• gives the maximum scope for innovation
and flexibility.
• It works best for the creative teams Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
having self-motivated and experienced Teachers:
individuals who don’t require that level of JOSE G. MAGBOO
supervision and invigilance. ROSALINA C. BARTE
LEVELS OF CONTROL BY LEADERSHIP STYLES
• Authoritarian Leadership - Highest level of
control
• Laissez-faire leadership - Lowest level of References:
control Magboo J., Community Engagement, Solidarity, and
• Participative/Democratic Leadership - Sit Citizenship.pptx, 2023
somewhere in between the two leadership styles
mentioned above. Magboo J., Community Dynamics.pptx, 2023

Magboo J., Community.pptx, 2023

Barte R., Unity.pptx, 2023

Barte R., COMMUNITY POWER & LEADERSHIP.pptx,

2023