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DBMS Notes 1

DBMS NOTES

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7 views

DBMS Notes 1

DBMS NOTES

Uploaded by

sky63yadav.shashank
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
BASIC CONCPETS OF DBMS
Data : Data is a raw fact or figures of any
object through which an object cannot be
identified. For example: Emp_No, Name,
Salary of an employee individually known as
one data.
Information: Organized Collection of related
data is known as information through which
an object can clearly identified OR the
processed data is called information. For
example: Emp_No, Name, Salary of an
employee combined together, is known as
information.
Data File: Organized Collection of related information is known as data file.

For example: Sales dept, purchase dept, Administrative dept of a particular company maintains
their data file.

Data Base: Organized collection of related data files or information is called database.

A database is an integrated collection of logically related records and files.

For example: Qr_No, Road name, Area name, Dist name, State name, pin code Combined
together creates a postal address. The multiple addresses kept together in one place, such as an
address book is a database and the postal address in the book is the data that fills the data
base.
DBMS: It is a collection of programs that enables user to create and maintain a database. In
other words it is general-purpose software that provides the users with the processes of
defining, constructing and manipulating the database for various applications.

Database System: The database and DBMS software together is called as Database system.

NOTE: Though data is a raw fact through which an object cannot be identified, but it’s the
bare minimum requirement to build a database.
APPLICATIONS OF DBMS
Databases are widely used. Some of them are as follows.

Banking

• For customer information, accounts, loans and banking transactions.

Airlines

• For reservation and scheduled information.

Universities

• For student, course and grade information.


Telecommunications

• For keeping records of calls made, generating monthly bills, maintaining


balances on prepaid calling cards and storing information about the
communication network.

Finance

• For storing information about holdings, sales and purchases of financial


instruments such as stocks and bonds.

Manufacturing

• For management of supply chain and for tracking production of items in


factories, inventory of items in warehouses and orders for items.
ADVANTAGE OF DBMS

• Unlike file processing system in database


approach data can be stored at a single
Reduction of
place or Centralized control of data by the
redundancy &
Database administrator. It avoids unnecessary
inconsistency
duplication of data which saves space and
does not permit inconsistency.

• A database allows the sharing of data under


Shared data its control by any number of application
programs or users.
• Application programs should be as independent
as possible from details of data representation
Data
and storage. The DBMS can provide an abstract
independence
view of the data to protect application code
from such details.

• Data integrity refers to validity and consistency.


Data integrity means data should be accurate &
consistent. This is done by providing some checks
& constraints. These are the consistency rules
Integrity can be that the database is not permitted to violate.
improved
• For Example, the age of an employee can be
between 18 to 58 years only. While entering the
data for the age of an employee, the database
should check this.
• A DBMS schedules concurrent accesses to the
data in such a manner that users can think of the
Supports data as being accessed by only one user at a time
Concurrent
access • Example: Two people reading a balance and
updating it at the same time and gives accurate
result.

• DBMS provides facilities for recovering the


Improved hardware & software failures. A backup & recovery
Backup & subsystem is responsible for this. In case a program
Recovery fails, it restores the database to a state in which it
was before the execution of program.
•DBMS can enforce access
controls that govern what data is
visible to different classes of users.
Improved
Security •For Example, salary of the
employees should not be visible
anyone other than the
department dealing in this.
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS
There are many advantages of DBMS, the DBMS may also have some minor disadvantages. These are

Cost of • A processor with high speed of data processing and


memory of large size is required to run the DBMS
Hardware & software. It means that you have to upgrade the
hardware used for file-based system. Similarly, DBMS
Software software is also very costly.

Cost of Data • When a computer file-based system is replaced with a


database system, the data stored into data file must be
Conversion converted to database file. It is very difficult and costly
method to convert data of data files into database
• Most DBMSs are often complex systems so the training for users
Cost of Staff to use the DBMS is required. Training is required at all levels,
including programming, application development, and
Training database administration. The organization has to be paid a lot
of amount for the training of staff to run the DBMS.

• The trained technical persons such as database administrator,


Appointing application programmers, data entry operators etc are
required to handle the DBMS. You have to pay handsome
Technical Staff salaries to these persons. Therefore, the" system cost
increases”.

Database • In most of the organizations, all data is integrated into a single


database. If database is damaged due to electric failure or

Damage database is corrupted on the storage media, then your


valuable data may be lost forever.

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