WORKING THE STREET

Preparation for Duty � the patrol officers� job starts even beforethey are in the
AOR because they need to prepare the following that arenecessary in the performance
of their routines.

A. Equipment check

1. Police uniform

2. Weapons

3. Watch

4. Money

5. Flashlight, spare battery and bulbs

6. Notebook or tickler

7. List of stolen and wantedvehicles

8. Handheld radio and otherequipment as required

B. Information Check � Prior to actual patrolling the policeofficer should:

1. Secure and review descriptions of missing and wanted persons.

2. Arrange any follow-up work from previous shifts.

3. Check with the officer being relieved for any problems requiring your
attention during the shift.

4. Check patrol area log for problem areas requiring extra surveillance.

C. Vehicle Check � in case of patrol officers assigned on mobilecars:

1. Check the inside of your patrol car, paying particular attention to the rear
seat.

2. Record the condition of your vehicle�s interior in your notebook for possible
latter use as evidence.

3. Check your vehicles siren, roof light, radio and otherequipment to ensure that
they are in proper working order. Note any damage ormechanical problems.
COVERING THE PATROL AREA

Attitude

� Always present an alert, businesslike, anddisciplined appearance while on patrol

� speak and span.

� Do not loiter on the street, business places, orin parked cars. Do not engage in
a lengthy, idle conversation.

� Report to your dispatcher or supervisor ASAPwhenever you are required to leave

your patrol area on unassigned duties.

Communications

� Your message must be clear and to the point.

� Use the telephone for lengthy, detailed orhighly confidential exchanges of

information.

� Learn the locations of all the operative paytelephones in your patrol area.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

� Develop contact in your patrol area by adoptinga friendly, approachable attitude.

Be helpful and grant reasonable requestswhenever possible.

� Your contacts can save your life.

� Ifthey know you, they will tend to watch out for you.

� Theymay warn you if a dangerous individual is in the neighborhood.

� Theyay come to your aid in a physical conflict in which you are outmatched.

WHAT IS THE SO-CALLED �STREET KNOWLEDGE�?

� A thorough geographic knowledge of the patrolarea.

� An understanding of the character, fears,concerns, problems and attitudes of the

local residence.

FAMILIARIZATION OF THE PATROL AREA

� Study the local map to develop a broadunderstanding to the layout of your patrol
area.

� Regularly examine crime reports to determine:

� Neighborhood crime pattern

� Areas reporting a high number of robberies or burglaries

� Areas where violent domestic conflicts occur

� Likely sites for gang fights

� Locations of gang clubhouses and meeting places

� Develop personal contact

� Seek other informations from fellow officers

POTENTIAL TROUBLE SPOTS

1. Public parks and playgrounds

2. Bars and taverns

3. Theatres and drive-inn restaurants

OBSERVATION SKILLS

1. Description of persons

a. During your patrol, frequentlyexamine pedestrians who walk past you and mentally
record their appearance,including estimated height and weight, hair color, color
facial features, etc.

b. Double back and determine howclose your mental record is to the subject�s true
appearance.

2. Discuss with other officerswhat events or characteristics arouse their

suspicious about specific situationor persons.

3. Interview persons in custody.

a. Ask about their methods ofoperation

b. Encourage them to brag aboutthe methods they used to elude police in the past.

4. Study a book on memory improvementto learn techniques which will assist you in
recalling detailed observations.

CHECKING SUSPICIOUS SITUATIONS

Warning Signs

1. Vehicles parked improperly or with the motor running outside banks, store or
other business premises. They could be getaway cars for crimes in progress.
2. Stacked boxes or ladders placed against the side or rear of buildings.

3. Banks or stores where people are seen entering, but not leaving. This could
indicate a holdup or hostage situation.

4. Parked vehicles in which persons are apparently sleeping. These subjects may
be look-outs, missing or wanted persons seeking shelter, or they may be attempting
suicide.

5. Any other activity or situations which do not reflect normal behavior or

routine activity.

�Gut Feelings�

1. Do not ignore your so-called �gut feelings�

2. Hunches are often important messages or warnings, which are based upon
information or experiences recorded in your subconscious mind.

3. Although they may not seem logical, your hunches will often prove to be
correct. They should be acted upon-with discretion-in appropriate circumstances.
Check on Public Hazards

1. Vacant buildings which juveniles may use as a playground.

2. Open manholes particularly at construction sites where deep water has

accumulated.

3. Construction sites

4. Defective roadways, street lights or sidewalks

5. Sagging electrical cable wires

6. Broken water pipes (can cause a roadway to sink)

7. Any object or situation which may present hazard to children

PATROL MANAGEMENT

1. Reactive Patrol � it is the oldest system of police patrol activitywhich

consists of continuously driving around the area of patrol waiting forsomething to
happen and to react accordingly in case something does happen.

2. Proactive Patrol � is preventive in nature. It is the moreeconomical alternative

patrol system, which has an objective approach againstcriminality as much as
practicable. It addresses crime at its very root beforeit develops into a felonious
act.

3. Participative Law Enforcement � is a system where citizenry and thepolice work

together to reduce crime, prevent juvenile delinquency and criminalbehavior,
maintain the peace and reduce local problems which are the mutualresponsibility of
the police and the people.

4. Police Omnipresence � it is a crime repression activity of thepolice which is

accomplished by making their presence known is such a way thateven if they are no
longer present in a certain location, would-be criminalswould still have the
impression that they are still around and would thereforerefrain from committing a
crime.

5. COPS � the acronym COPS refers to the Community Oriented PolicingSystem. It is

the deploying of policemen in police blocks to provide police andpublic safety
services. It also involves the breaking down of large andimpersonal police
departments into small units to create a series ofmini-police precincts which are
responsive to smaller communities.
6. Community Policing � is a philosophy, management style andorganizational
strategy that promotes proactive problem-solving andpolice-community partnerships
to address the causes of crime and fear as wellas other community issues.

7. Community Partnership � is a flexible term referring to anycombination of

neighborhood residents, schools, churches, businesses,community-based
organizations, elected officials and government agencies whoare working
cooperatively with the police to resolve identified problems thatimpact or interest
them.

8. Problem Solving � refers to the process of identifyingproblems/priorities

through coordinated community/police needs assessment;collecting and analyzing
information concerning the problem in a thorough,though not necessarily complicated
manner; developing or facilitating responsesthat are innovative and tailor-made
with the best potential for eliminating orreducing the problem; and finally,
evaluating the response to determine theeffectiveness and modifying it as
necessary.

What are the Objectives of thePNP�s New COPS?

1. To enhance police visibility in order to reach out to the community.

2. To improve police community relation to gain public acceptance, build mutual

respect and trust and promote cooperation.

3. To attend sustained and integrated police-community participation in crime

prevention and suppression.

What is the so-called �House Visitation�?

� It is a function of NCOBs where police officerson patrol visit every house and
workplace to offer crime prevention advice andto organize the neighborhood crime
watch groups.
What is the so-called �StreetQuestioning� method?

� It is a method whereby police officers on patrolmay interview within the bounds

of the law suspicious personalities at randomin order to serve as deterrence to
those who intend to commit a crime.
What are the social services of the PNP?

1. Midwife duties for childbirth

2. Render first aid to accident victims.

3. Get relief assistance to disaster victims

4. Mediate in family quarrels

5. Delivery of death

Concept of �Team Policing�

� It is a grass root approach undertaken to bringthe people and the police together
in a cooperative situation. Itsdistinguishing feature is the establishments of
neighborhood crime watch groupsto encourage the people to report crimes and to
assume greater interest andresponsibility in crime prevention and suppression.

What is Patrol Hazard?

� This is a term used frequently to describe aspecific condition or place that

requires a patrol officer�s special attention.

What is the purpose of theDistrict Orientation Tour in preparing for patrol?

� Its purpose is to familiarize a police officerabout the patterns and

characteristics of his patrol area before he conductsactual patrol.

What are the primary lineunits concerned with the accomplishment of the police
operational tasks?

� The primary line units in the police includepatrol, investigation, traffic, vice
and juvenile patrol.

Types of call responses by thepolice patrol

ROUTINE CALL - under this category, the mobile car is required toobserve all
traffic laws and rules and does not normally use its flashinglights and siren while
on its way to the scene. This includes when the policeresponds to:

� Provide police car transportation

� Obtain reports about offenses discovered afterthe criminal has left and which
does not involve injury.
� Obtain information the nature of which is notgiven.

� Investigate apparently abandoned vehicles.

� Obtain damage reports.

� Provide additional traffic control anddirection.

URGENT CALL � this is similar to the routine call, which alsorequires the
responding police car to observe all traffic rules and does notuse its flashing
lights or siren. However, it proceeds directly to its destinationand does not stop
unless an incident of far more serious nature occurs. Thisincludes when the police
responds to investigate:

� Trouble of unknown nature

� Shoplifter complaint

� Vehicular accidents in which there no physical injuries

� Prowler complaints

� Lost children complaints

� Report of mob activities

� Reports of domestic conflicts

EMERGENCY CALL � in most cases, this category requires the use ofthe flashing light
and fluctuating siren although there are exceptions, whichinclude the attempt to
surprise criminals in the act. It is permissible in thiscase for the responding
police car to violate traffic laws provided thatextreme care is exercised while
driving at high speed. This includes when thepolice responds to:

� Investigate a crime in progress

� Investigate a traffic accident in which peopleare injured

� Rescue or assist another patroller in trouble

� Aids an injured person

� Pursue or apprehend suspected criminal/s

� Assist in firefighting

� Stop an ongoing fight

What are the two schools ofthoughts regarding the best means of approaching any
scene where a crime isbelieved to be in progress?

� First is to approach the scene with lights andsiren flashing and to pull on
directly at the scene of the reported crime. Theidea here is to frighten the
criminal in order to prevent him from completinghis criminal act. Second is to
approach the crime scene as inconspicuously aspossible in order to use the
advantage of surprise in apprehending the criminalor preventing his escape.

What are the factors to beconsidered by the patroller in choosing the manner by
which an approach to acrime in progress is to be made?

� These are the factors of: time and day;condition of traffic; possibility of
ongoing physical assault; and theneighborhood characteristics.

How Police Visibility isattained?

Police visibility can be done inthree (3) ways: physical presence by being visible
as police and easy to locatepolice units; patrolling scheme through mobile,
integrated, and widespread,supportive, and redundant coverage; and response which
should be proper,adequate and timely (ideal is 5minutes response time).

Further, the Police VisibilityProgram of the PNP can be accomplished thru the use
of the Integrated PatrolSystem (PNP-IPS). The PNP-IPS has the following features:

� Pre-emptive

� Widespread and Forward Deployment

� Force Mixture (complementary & supportive)

� Cross checking of Deployment

� Force Multiplier

� Support the COPS

9 RULES IN STOPPING VEHICLES

1. During daytime, select the widest portion of the road where to stop
motorists.
2. Signal the motorist to pull closer to the right side of the curb with the
patrol car parked behind the violators� vehicles.

3. Observe flow of traffic coming from behind before opening the door and
alighting from the patrol car.

4. In issuing a citation, occupy the right side of the vehicle using the hood to
accomplish the citation.

5. At nighttime, select a well-lighted place to stop a motorist.

6. Never stand to do anything in front of a stopped vehicle with its engine

running and its driver is still at the steering wheel or is still inside the
vehicle.

7. Never stand on the way of the door of the stopped vehicle if you are ordering
a suspicious driver to get out of the vehicle.

8. Never allow a person being interrogated to stand on the firearm side.

9. Never allow an apprehended suspect to sit inside the patrol car on the side
where the police officers firearm is tucked.

PURSUIT DRIVING TECHNIQUES

1. Pick the location of your stop. Wait to try to pull over the suspect�s
vehicle until you have the maximum advantage.

2. Wait for as much back-up as possible. One of the biggest mistakes that
officers commit in attempting to make high-risk stops is to attempt to stop
prematurely.

3. Get close to the suspect�s vehicle. Let the suspect think that you have
covered every possible escape route.

4. Don�t be afraid to quit. You are supposed to exemplify courage, but sometimes
the bravest thing you can do is to know when to back out the pursuit.

TECHNIQUES IN TERMINATING APURSUIT

1. Boxing � this is done by literally surrounding the suspect�s vehicle with

police cars and then slowing as group to a stop.

2. Channelizing � this is done by deliberately directing a vehicle into a given

path or location such as unpaved roadway, dead-end, or a parking lot.

3. Ramming � is simply running into the other vehicle in a manner designed to

force hi to stop.

4. Roadblocks � this is done by physically blocking the roadway using stationary

objects such as barricades, patrol cars or semi-trucks.

5. Spikes � this is deployed ahead of a pursuit. As the suspect�s vehicle passes

over the strip, the spikes penetrate the tires and flattened it.

MECHANICS OF ARREST

Basic concepts to keep in mindwhen making arrest:

1. Prevent problems before they happen. Taking control of the suspect from the
first moment of encounter will help avoid assaults. Establish firm control by
placing suspects where you want. Think ahead and keep control.

2. Always maintain your safety zone when contacting suspects.

3. Maintain situational alertness. You must keep your focus on the situation at
hand, monitoring the suspect�s hands at all times, being aware of all other persons
in your proximity.

4. Don�t over-commit. Never jump into a situation you are not sure you can
handle on your own. If you�re going to arrest a large unruly suspect, wait until
more officers arrive to help you.

5. Always use superior force. The suspect�s resistance will dictate what force
you use. You must survive every attack, you must win every fight. To lose may mean
death.

6. Take the suspect on the ground. It�s far safer for you to effect arrest, with
a suspect on the ground.

Operational Guidelines for theconduct of Patrol

The following are the guidelinesnormally observe by the PNP in the conduct of
patrolling not necessary underthe IPS:

1. Pre-patrol (Pre-deployment phase)

a. Fall-in-information in ranks

b. Roll-call-accounting of patrolelements by the patrol commander (PC)

c. Inspection of uniform,appearance & equipment by the PC

d. TI & E (Troop Informationand Education) and dissemination of instructions/orders

by PC

e. Reading of assignment of PBsby Sarhento de Mesa or field duty officer (FDO)

f. Issuance of equipment toPatrol Officers

g. Report to higher headquartersby FDO

2. Deployment Phase

a. Report to SD by the PatrolOfficers (Patrollers)

b. Patrol Officers make patrolplan and follow patrol procedures

c. Adopt the buddy-buddy system

d. Make situation report or anhourly basis or upon reaching the end of their line
beat.

e. Report all unusual incidents.

3. Post-Patrol (Post-deployment Phase)

a. Regrouping and formation

b. Accounting

c. Inspection

d. Debriefing/submission of dailypatrol report

e. Recall of equipment issued

f. Dismissal by the PatrolCommander

Who are the members of theAuxiliary Police?

1. Private Security Guards

2. Traffic Enforcers and Aides

3. Junior Police

4. Law Enforcement Services Cadets

5. Barangay Chairman and Tanods

6. Civilian Volunteer Organizations (CVOs) such as civilian volunteers.

7. Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) like Bantay Bayan