Chess Booklet 1 - Newcomers
Chess Booklet 1 - Newcomers
Chess Federation
Sponsored by:
St Catherine’s School
BRAMLEY
St Catherine’s, Bramley has been the proud host and sponsor of the
national girls’ schools chess tournament since it began in 2013. Over
the years, we have seen record breaking numbers of girls of all levels
participate in the annual tournaments here which have always been
fun and friendly occasions.
Sadly, this year due to Covid-19 we have not been able to welcome
players for the event. Instead, with the recent rise in interest in the
game during lockdown, we were pleased to work in partnership
with the ECF and support this publication designed to assist those
encouraging beginners.
The benefits of playing chess for young minds are well documented
and we see clear benefits in terms of developing strategic and creative
thinking, focus and mental agility. We hope that parents, teachers
and anyone working with their son or daughter to help in their early
engagement with chess will find this publication useful.
4 INTRODUCTION
5 THE CHESSBOARD
6 COLOUR QUIZ
7 CHESSBOARD COORDINATES
8 THE PIECES AND THEIR MOVES
9 THE KING AND QUEEN
10 THE ROOK AND BISHOP
11 THE KNIGHT AND PAWN
12 CHESS NOTATION
13 CHESS NOTATION EXAMPLE
14 SPECIAL RULES
15 PAWN PROMOTION
17 CHECK AND CHECKMATE
19 CHECKING PRACTICE
20 GETTING OUT OF CHECK
21 SPECIAL MOVES
22 STALEMATE
24 -25 DIFFERENT FORMS OF CHECKMATE
26 SNAP MATE IN THE OPENING (FOOL’S MATE)
27- 28 CHECKMATE QUIZ
30 ENDING THE GAME
31 DRAWS
32 KNOWLEDGE TEST
33-40 QUIZ QUESTIONS 1-20
42 SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
W elcome to the second edition of this
booklet, fully updated and modernized,
which introduces the basic rules of chess.
We will help you to start playing and enjoying
chess as quickly and as simply as possible.
Chess is a great game for everyone to learn at
any age.
We hope that this short course will encourage
a new generation of players to come forward
and begin a rewarding journey towards chess
mastery.
THE CHESSBOARD
White on
the right!
Here we see the chessboard. The chessboard has 64 squares, 32 of which are
‘light’ and 32 of which are ‘dark.’
Note that a white corner square should always lie on White’s RIGHT HAND.
Hence the saying: ‘White on the right!’
Each square has a number and a letter attached to it. This helps us when we want
to read chess books or magazines and when we want to record our own games!
The system is meant to be as easy as possible to understand.
Thus the green coloured squares are, in turn: a1, c1, c5 and h6.
Finally the red squares in the above example are: a8, d3, d7 and f5.
COLOUR QUIZ
ANSWERS:
Green: e5, g2
Yellow: a8, b4
Red: h1, h8
If you are not sure about this, have another go until you have mastered the idea.
I’m sure you will pick it up quickly.
CHESSBOARD
COORDINATES
RANKS
Ranks run HORIZONTALLY and an example is marked by the RED
arrow.
FILES
Files run VERTICALLY and an example is marked by the GREEN arrow.
DIAGONALS
Diagonals run DIAGONALLY and example is marked by the ORANGE
arrow.
We talk about files using the letters so you can have an ‘a’ file, a ‘b’ file, etc.
We talk about ranks using numbers and so each player has a first, second, third
rank etc.
THE KING
The King moves one square in any direction. The King is a slow-moving piece.
The King may not move into check. Check is a direct attack by an enemy piece on
the King. The King is your MOST IMPORTANT PIECE. The moves of the King are
illustrated in the diagram.
THE QUEEN
The Queen is your STRONGEST PIECE. The Queen moves any number of squares
forward, backward, sideways, and diagonally. The Queen cannot jump over other
pieces. The Queen is an awesome, attacking piece. The possible squares that the
black Queen can move to are illustrated in the diagram. From the centre of the
board, she can move almost anywhere!
THE ROOK
The Rook is the second strongest chess piece.The Rook moves in straight lines,
horizontally and vertically any number of squares.The Rook cannot jump over
other pieces and dislikes obstacles in his way. The squares that the Rook can move
to in the current position are marked by red arrows.
THE BISHOP
The Bishop moves DIAGONALLY. Each player has two Bishops. One patrols the
light squares and the other the dark squares. The Bishop stays on its own colour
square throughout the game. The Bishop is a mobile piece but cannot jump over
the other pieces. The Bishop does not like to be obstructed. Bishop moves in the
current position are clearly marked.
THE KNIGHT
The Knight moves in an L-shape. The Knight can move in any direction. The
Knight changes colour squares as he moves. Keep in mind the numbers one and
two or two and one. These are the number of squares that he moves. The Knight
is the only chess piece that can jump over other pieces. Thus the moves of the
white Knight are marked in the diagram. As you can see, he can jump over the
pawns. The Knight is excellent in the centre of the board, less good on the side. As
you can see the black Knight controls and can move to eight different squares.
THE PAWN
The Pawn is the humble footsoldier of chess and yet he has a most important
role to play. Rules for the pawn: The pawn can move one or two squares on the
first move ONLY. After the first move the pawn only moves one square forward at
a time. The pawn only moves forward. The pawn captures DIAGONALLY.
CHESS NOTATION
For pawn moves we only use the name of the square the pawn goes to.
EX AMPLE
4.Bxd7+ Qxd7 5.0–0 Nf6 6.d3 g6 7.Re1 Bg7 8.c3 Nc6 9.Nbd2 0–0–0
10.a4 h5 11.Nf1 h4 12.a5 Qg4 13.Be3 h3 14.a6 Qxg2#
How did you get on? The finishing position on your board should be the same
as the diagram.
SPECIAL RULES
PAWN PROMOTION 1
When a pawn reaches the other end of the board it changes shape and form. The
pawn PROMOTES into a piece of one’s choice. Normally one would take a new
Queen: 1.g8=Q+
It’s quite difficult to get a pawn all the way up the board without getting taken,
but sometimes you will be able to do that. You can have more than one Queen
on the board as pawns begin to promote. In fact, you could make the promoted
pawn a Rook, Bishop, or Knight of your colour.
PAWN PROMOTION 2
Sometimes it’s important not to promote to a Queen. Look what happens here!
1.f8=Q
CHECK &
CHECKMATE
The term ‘check’ describes a direct attack on the King.
The average chess game usually contains many ‘checking’ moves. If the King is
attacked, the King must get OUT OF CHECK. There are three ways to get out of
check.
CHECKMATE is the most important idea a young player can learn about. Let us
examine the ideas of check and checkmate in a bit more detail.
If you aren’t careful you could end in a fragile position. Learn the checkmates and
watch for them.
CHECK THREE
White is being checked by the black Knight. White’s KIng
MUST MOVE OUT OF CHECK.
3)
Now I would like you to find a move for Black which puts
White in check. 1...Rb1+!.
CHECK PR ACTICE THREE
1.d4 Nf6 2.Bf4 d5 3.Nc3 e6 4.Nb5 a6
I hope you found this excellent move by Black’s Rook. The white Knight can check Black’s King. In how many
different ways?
5.Nxc7+
5.Nd6+ TWICE is the correct answer.
White has just put Black in check using his Bishop. This is
BLOCKING THE CHECK no big deal.
Black just CAPTURES the Bishop: 1...Nxd4!
Black is in check from the white Queen. Look out for CAPTURES in your own games, particularly
when you are in check.
He BLOCKS the check.
1...Bf6
SPECIAL MOVES
EN PASSANT
This is a special move involving pawns. In the earliest
form of chess the pawns could only move one square
at a time and so to speed the game up the rule of two
squares forward on the first move was introduced.
However, in order that a pawn should not be able to
avoid an enemy pawn by means of the double move,
‘en passant’ was also introduced.
En passant describes a situation where a pawn moves
forward two squares from the initial position, past
an enemy pawn on the fifth rank. The enemy pawn
may then choose whether to capture ‘en passant’ Black may capture en passant:
(pronounced: on pah-san) or not, and can only
1...bxc3
capture ON THAT MOVE, AT THAT TIME.
Let’s illustrate.
Suppose in the diagram White plays. Like this. Note that a pawn can only be captured en
passant by another pawn and not by a piece.
1.c4
Note also that Black had a choice: HE DID NOT HAVE
TO TAKE EN PASSANT IF HE DID NOT WISH TO.
The enemy pawn may then choose whether to capture ‘en passant’ or not, and can only
capture ON THAT MOVE, AT THAT TIME.
STALEMATE
Stalemate is where the player TO MOVE has no legal
moves left.
In this position, any move by the black King would put his
King in check.
CASTLING
Castling is a special move which each player can play IF 1.0–0–0 then White is said to have castled on the
ONCE in a game. Castling brings the King to safety and Queen’s side. The “Queenside” is the side of the board
introduces a Rook into the game. where the Queen stands at the beginning of the game.
DIFFERENT
CHECKMATES
Black plays and checkmates White in one move. White checkmates in one move with the humble pawn.
1...Rd1# 1.b7#
This is called a BACK RANK MATE. It is very common. From this example we see that any piece or pawn on the
board can deliver checkmate, with the exception of the
King.
SMOTHERED MATE
1.f3
An awful move. White blocks in his Knight and weakens
his King position.
1...e5 2.g4??
Even worse.
2...Qh4#
CHECKMATE!
Don’t weaken your Kingside in the opening!
White to play and mate in one. Black to play and mate in one.
1.Qh8# 1...Qxf2#
White to play and mate in one. White plays and mates in one move.
1.Re8# 1.Ba6#
A tricky position. Black to play and mate in one. This is a very useful example as it features a mate
which crops up time and again. White plays and
1...0–0–0#
mates in one.
1. Ra8 checkmate
DR AWS
GAME ONE
GAME T WO
KNOWLEDGE TEST
It is now time for a test to see what you have learned so far. The answers lie alongside
the problems, although do try hard to solve the puzzles before consulting the answers.
Fifteen correct answers is a good score and anything over eighteen is an excellent score.
ANSWER:
Two. The Rook on f5 and the Bishop on d5.
ANSWER:
27
ANSWER:
Yes, by the N on d4.
ANSWER:
True.
ANSWER:
1.Ra8#!
ANSWER:
1...Qg2# A neat checkmate where the black Queen was
PROTECTED by the Bishop on b7 .
ANSWER:
1.Qe7#
ANSWERS:
8) The QUEEN.
9) The KING. Don’t forget the King CANNOT BE TAKEN,
but if he is CHECKMATED, the game is over.
ANSWER:
NO! His King would move into CHECK on c1 from the
Black Bishop on h6.
ANSWER:
The QUEEN in 99 cases out of 100. Why not get an extra
Queen, which can help you to win the game quickly and
easily?
1.f8=Q
ANSWER:
1.f8=Q A terrible mistake, when the game would end in
STALEMATE, which means the game is drawn.
Instead, if White played 1.f8R!
Answer:
A) RANKS = RED
B) FILES = GREEN
C) DIAGONALS = ORANGE
Answer:
Two! The black Rook on a3 and the black Bishop
on f6.
B) 1...Rd2 checkmate!
I hope you did well in the quiz and got all the answers right.
If not, please re-read the booklet until you have thoroughly
absorbed the contents. Hard work will allow the secrets of
chess to gradually reveal themselves to you.
+44(0)1483 899609
[email protected]
www.stcatherines.info
[email protected]
https://www.englishchess.org.uk
42