100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Basic Concepts

Q: What is TestNG?

A: TestNG is a testing framework inspired by JUnit and NUnit but introduces new functionalities
to make testing easier and more powerful.

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Q: How do you install TestNG in Eclipse?

A: Go to Eclipse -> Help -> Eclipse Marketplace -> Search for TestNG -> Install.

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Q: What are the main advantages of TestNG over JUnit?

A: Better annotations, support for parallel testing, flexible test configuration, and better
reporting.

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Q: Explain the @Test annotation.

A: The @Test annotation is used to mark a method as a test method in TestNG.

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Q: How do you disable a test case in TestNG?

A: Use the enabled attribute in the @Test annotation: @Test(enabled = false).

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Annotations

Q: List some commonly used TestNG annotations.

A: @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeClass, @AfterClass,

@BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, @Test.

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Q: Explain the @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod annotations.

A: @BeforeMethod runs before each test method, and @AfterMethod runs after each test
method.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: Explain the @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeClass,

@AfterClass, @Test Annotations

A:

 @BeforeSuite: Executes before any suite of tests in TestNG.

 @AfterSuite: Executes after all tests in a suite in TestNG.
 @BeforeTest: Executes before any test method in TestNG.
 @AfterTest: Executes after all test methods in TestNG.
 @BeforeClass: Executes before the first test method in a class in TestNG.
 @AfterClass: Executes after all test methods in a class in TestNG.
 @Test: Denotes a test method in TestNG.

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Q: What is the use of @DataProvider in TestNG?

A: @DataProvider is used to provide a set of data to a test method.

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Q: How do you create a dependent test in TestNG?

A: Use the dependsOnMethods attribute in the

@Test annotation: @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"methodName"}).

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Q: What is the purpose of @Factory annotation?

A: @Factory is used to create instances of test classes dynamically.

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Configuration

Q: How do you configure TestNG to run with a testng.xml file?

A: Create a testng.xml file with suite and test tags, then run it as a TestNG suite in Eclipse.

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Q: Explain the structure of a testng.xml file.

A: It includes <suite> and <test> tags, where <suite> can contain multiple <test> tags, and each
<test> can contain multiple <classes> and <methods> tags.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How can you include or exclude groups in TestNG?

A: Use the include and exclude tags within the groups tag in the testng.xml file.

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Q: What is the use of the priority attribute in TestNG?

A: The priority attribute is used to define the order in which the test methods should be
executed.

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Q: How do you run tests in parallel using TestNG?

A: Configure the parallel attribute in the testng.xml file with values like tests, classes, or
methods.

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Data Providers

Q: How do you pass parameters to test methods using @DataProvider?

A: Define a method annotated with @DataProvider that returns Object[ ][ ], then use
dataProvider attribute in @Test annotation.

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Q: Can @DataProvider be in a different class?

A: Yes, by specifying the class and method name in the dataProviderClass attribute of the @Test
annotation.

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Q: What is the return type of a @DataProvider method?

A: The return type is Object[ ][ ].

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Q: How do you handle complex data types in @DataProvider?

A: Return a 2D array or collection of the desired complex data type.

 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How can you use a @DataProvider for multiple test methods?

A: Use the same @DataProvider method in multiple @Test methods by specifying the
dataProvider attribute.

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Assertions

Q: What is the purpose of assertions in TestNG?

A: Assertions are used to validate the expected results of a test.

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Q: List some common TestNG assertion methods.

A: assertEquals, assertTrue, assertFalse, assertNull, assertNotNull, assertSame, assertNotSame.

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Q: Explain assertEquals, assertTrue, assertFalse, assertNull, assertNotNull, assertSame,

assertNotSame.

A:

 assertEquals: Verifies that two values are equal, throwing an AssertionError if they are
not.
 assertTrue: Verifies that a condition is true, throwing an AssertionError if it is not.
 assertFalse: Verifies that a condition is false, throwing an AssertionError if it is not.
 assertNull: Verifies that an object is null, throwing an AssertionError if it is not.
 assertNotNull: Verifies that an object is not null, throwing an AssertionError if it is null.
 assertSame: Verifies that two references point to the same object, throwing an
AssertionError if they do not.
 assertNotSame: Verifies that two references do not point to the same object, throwing
an AssertionError if they do.

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Q: How do you verify a condition without stopping the test execution?

A: Use the soft Assert class which allows you to collect all errors and report them at the end.

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Q: What is the difference between assert and verify in TestNG?

A: Assert stops test execution if the condition fails, while verify (using soft assertions) collects
failures and continues execution.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How do you use soft assertions in TestNG?

A: Create an instance of SoftAssert, call assert methods on it, and finally call assertAll() to report
all collected errors.

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Listeners and Reports

Q: What are TestNG Listeners?

A: Listeners are interfaces that allow you to modify the behavior of TestNG and listen to events
like test start, finish, pass, fail, etc.

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Q: Name some TestNG listeners.

A: ITestListener, ISuiteListener, IInvokedMethodListener, IAnnotationTransformer.

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Q: How do you implement a TestNG listener?

A: Implement the desired listener interface and override its methods.

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Q: How do you add a listener to your TestNG tests?

A: Use the @Listeners annotation or specify it in the testng.xml file.

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Q: What is IReporter in TestNG?

A: IReporter is an interface used to generate custom reports by implementing the

generateReport method.

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TestNG Suite

Q: How do you create a TestNG suite?

A: Create a testng.xml file with <suite> and <test> tags and specify the classes and methods to
be included.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: What is the significance of <suite> and <test> tags in testng.xml?

A: <suite> defines a group of tests, and <test> defines a single test which can include multiple
classes and methods.

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Q: How do you run a subset of tests in a suite?

A: Use the include and exclude tags within the <methods> tag in the testng.xml file.

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Q: Can you define multiple suites in a single testng.xml file?

A: No, a single testng.xml file can define only one <suite> tag.

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Q: How do you parameterize a suite in TestNG?

A: Use the <parameter> tag within the <suite> or <test> tags in the testng.xml file.

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Dependency Testing

Q: What is dependency testing in TestNG?

A: Dependency testing allows you to specify dependencies between test methods, so a test
method can be skipped if its dependent method fails.

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Q: How do you create a test dependency in TestNG?

A: Use the dependsOnMethods or dependsOnGroups attribute in the @Test annotation.

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Q: What happens if a dependent test method fails?

A: The dependent test method will be skipped.

 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: Can a test method depend on multiple methods?

A: Yes, list the methods in the dependsOnMethods attribute separated by commas.

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Q: How do you group dependent tests in TestNG?

A: Use the dependsOnGroups attribute to specify group dependencies.

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TestNG Parameters

Q: How do you pass parameters to test methods in TestNG?

A: Use the @Parameters annotation and define parameters in the testng.xml file.

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Q: How do you handle optional parameters in TestNG?

A: Use the @Optional annotation to specify a default value for the parameter.

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Q: How do you pass parameters to a @DataProvider method?

A: Define parameters in the testng.xml file and retrieve them using the @Parameters annotation
in the method that calls the @DataProvider.

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Q: Can you pass parameters to a constructor in TestNG?

A: Yes, use the @Parameters annotation with the constructor.

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Q: How do you pass multiple parameters to a test method?

A: Define multiple <parameter> tags in the testng.xml file and list the parameters in the
@Parameters annotation.

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Parallel Testing

Q: What is parallel testing in TestNG?

A: Parallel testing allows you to run multiple tests simultaneously to reduce execution time.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How do you enable parallel testing in TestNG?

A: Set the parallel attribute in the testng.xml file to tests, classes, or methods.

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Q: What is the threadCount attribute in TestNG?

A: threadCount specifies the number of threads to be used for parallel execution.

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Q: Can you run methods in parallel within the same class?

A: Yes, set parallel to methods in the testng.xml file.

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Q: How do you handle thread safety in parallel testing?

A: Ensure that shared resources are synchronized or use ThreadLocal variables.

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Advanced Topics

Q: What is the use of the @Factory annotation in TestNG?

A: @Factory is used to create instances of test classes dynamically, allowing for different test
data setups.

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Q: Explain the use of @Listeners annotation.

A:

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Q: What is the @Parameters annotation used for?

A: @Parameters is used to pass parameter values to test methods through the testng.xml file.

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Q: Explain the @Optional annotation.

A: @Optional is used to specify a default value for a parameter in case it is not provided in the
testng.xml file.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How can you create a custom annotation in TestNG?

A: Create a new annotation by defining it with the @interface keyword and then use it in
combination with a custom implementation of IAnnotationTransformer to modify test behavior.

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Q: What is the use of the @BeforeSuite annotation?

A: @BeforeSuite is used to define a method that should run before all tests in the suite are
executed.

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Q: Explain the use of the @AfterSuite annotation.

A: @AfterSuite is used to define a method that should run after all tests in the suite have
completed.

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TestNG XML Configuration

Q: How do you include or exclude tests in testng.xml?

A: Use the <include> and <exclude> tags within the <methods> tag to specify which tests to
include or exclude.

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Q: What is the purpose of the <listeners> tag in testng.xml?

A: The <listeners> tag is used to specify listener classes that should be applied to the test suite.

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Q: How do you define groups in testng.xml?

A: Use the <groups> tag to define and configure groups, and specify included or excluded groups
within <run> tag.

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Q: Explain the use of <parameter> tag in testng.xml.

A: The <parameter> tag is used to pass parameters to test methods defined in the @Parameters
annotation.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How do you set a time-out for a test suite in testng.xml?

A: Use the time-out attribute in the <suite> or <test> tag to specify a maximum time for test
execution.

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TestNG Assertions and Verifications

Q: How do you use the assertEquals method in TestNG?

A: Use assertEquals(actual, expected) to compare the actual and expected values.

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Q: What is the difference between assertTrue and assertFalse?

A: assertTrue checks if a condition is true, while assertFalse checks if a condition is false.

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Q: How do you use assertNotNull in TestNG?

A: Use assertNotNull(object) to verify that an object is not null.

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Q: Explain the use of assertSame in TestNG.

A: assertSame verifies that two object references point to the same object.

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Q: How do you use the fail method in TestNG?

A: Use fail(message) to mark a test as failed with a specific message.

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TestNG Listeners and Reporting

Q: What is ITestContext in TestNG?

A: ITestContext provides information about the test run and allows interaction with the test
context.

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Q: How do you use ITestListener in TestNG?

A: Implement the ITestListener interface and override its methods to perform actions on test
events.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: What is the use of IAnnotationTransformer in TestNG?

A: IAnnotationTransformer allows you to modify test annotations at runtime before they are
executed.

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Q: How do you generate HTML reports in TestNG?

A: TestNG generates HTML reports automatically in the test-output folder after test execution.

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Q: What is the EmailableReporter in TestNG?

A: EmailableReporter generates a simple HTML report that can be emailed to stakeholders.

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Parallel Execution

Q: How do you configure methods to run in parallel?

A: Set parallel="methods" in the <suite> tag of the testng.xml file and specify thread-count.

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Q: How do you configure tests to run in parallel?

A: Set parallel="tests" in the <suite> tag of the testng.xml file and specify thread-count.

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Q: What is the impact of parallel execution on test data?

A: Parallel execution may lead to data inconsistency if tests share the same data. Use thread-safe
techniques to manage data.

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Q: How do you handle synchronization issues in parallel tests?

A: Use synchronization mechanisms like synchronized blocks or locks to manage shared

resources.

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Q: How can you run test classes in parallel?

A: Set parallel="classes" in the <suite> tag of the testng.xml file and specify thread-count.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Parameterization

Q: How do you pass parameters from testng.xml to a test method?

A: Define parameters in testng.xml using <parameter> tags and retrieve them in the test method
using @Parameters annotation.

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Q: How do you use @Optional with @Parameters?

A: @Optional provides a default value for a parameter if it is not specified in the testng.xml file.

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Q: Can you use @Parameters with a @BeforeClass method?

A: Yes, @Parameters can be used with @BeforeClass to pass parameters before any test
methods are executed.

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Q: How do you use @Parameters with a @DataProvider?

A: @Parameters can be used to pass parameters to a @DataProvider method, which then

supplies the data to test methods.

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Q: How do you handle multiple parameters in TestNG?

A: Define multiple <parameter> tags in the testng.xml file and list the parameter names in the
@Parameters annotation.

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TestNG Integration

Q: How do you integrate TestNG with Maven?

A: Add the TestNG dependency to the pom.xml file and configure the surefire plugin to run
TestNG tests.

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Q: How do you integrate TestNG with Jenkins?

A: Use the TestNG plugin in Jenkins to run TestNG test suites and generate reports.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How do you integrate TestNG with Ant?

A: Add TestNG tasks to the build.xml file and configure the Ant script to run TestNG tests.

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Q: How do you use TestNG with Selenium?

A: Use TestNG to manage and execute Selenium WebDriver test scripts, allowing for better test
organization and reporting.

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Q: How do you generate custom reports in TestNG?

A: Implement the IReporter interface to create custom HTML or XML reports based on test
results.

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TestNG Groups

Q: What is a test group in TestNG?

A: A test group is a way to categorize test methods so they can be included or excluded as a
group during execution.

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Q: How do you create a test group in TestNG?

A: Use the groups attribute in the @Test annotation to assign methods to a group.

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Q: How do you include and exclude groups in testng.xml?

A: Use the <groups> tag with <run> and <include>/<exclude> tags to specify which groups to
run or skip.

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Q: Can you assign a method to multiple groups?

A: Yes, list multiple group names in the groups attribute of the @Test annotation separated by
commas.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How do you use group dependencies in TestNG?

A: Use the dependsOnGroups attribute in the @Test annotation to specify group dependencies.

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Exception Testing

Q: How do you handle expected exceptions in TestNG?

A: Use the expectedExceptions attribute in the @Test annotation to specify the exceptions that a
test method is expected to throw.

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Q: How do you test for multiple expected exceptions?

A: List multiple exception classes in the expectedExceptions attribute.

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Q: Can you specify a message for expected exceptions?

A: No, expectedExceptions attribute only checks for the exception type, not the message.

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Q: How do you verify an exception message in TestNG?

A: Use a try-catch block within the test method and assert the exception message using
assertion methods.

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Q: What is the use of expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp attribute?

A: expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp is used to specify a regular expression to match the

exception message.

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Miscellaneous

Q: How do you skip a test in TestNG?

A: Use the SkipException class to throw a SkipException and skip the test dynamically.
 100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q: How do you retry failed tests in TestNG?

A: Implement the IRetryAnalyzer interface and override the retry method, then associate it with
@Test using the retryAnalyzer attribute.

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Q: How do you run TestNG tests from the command line?

A: Use the command: java -cp <path-to-testng-jar>:<path-to-your-tests> org.testng.TestNG

<path-to-testng.xml>.