I

NSTI
TUTI
ON:
FECOT(
FEDERALCOLLEGEOFORTHOPAEDI
CTECHNOLOGY)
TOPI
C:RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTI
NPROSTHETI
CSAND
ORTHOTI
CS
GROUP:FOUR(
4)

MEMBERSMATRI
CNO:
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
373
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
343
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
367
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
347
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
353
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
378
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
382
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
392
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
396
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
395
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
394
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
354
-
ND/
POT/
2023/
390
COURSENAME/
CODE:LOWERLI
MBORTHOTI
CS(
LLO)
/POT123
COURSELECTURER:MR.O.
ASALAMI

DATE:8TH AUGUST,
2024.

1
 RESEARCHAND DEVELOPMENTI
NPROSTHETI
CSANDORTHOTI
CS

Forcent
uri
es,pr
ost
het
ics& or
thot
icshav
eempower
edi
ndi
vi
dual
swi
th
phy
sicaldi
sabi
l
iti
es,r
est
ori
ngi
ndependenceandempower
ing i
ndi
vi
dual
s
t
orecl
aim t
hei
rli
ves,butast
hesay
inggoes,“
Ever
yrout
etosuccessi
sa
bumpyone,
”thef
iel
d ofpr
ost
het
icsandor
thot
icshas exper
ienced many
l
i
mit
ati
onsandchal
l
enges.Thesev
ari
ousobst
acl
esi
ncl
ude:

1.Pai
n and Di
scomf
ort
: Fi
rst t
ime user
s of or
thopedi
c dev
ices
(
prost
heses/
ort
hoses)of
tenexper
ienced pai
nwhenmaki
nguseoft
he
dev
ice.Thi
spai
nmaybeasar
esul
tofal
l
ergi
creact
ionscausedbyt
he
mat
eri
als/
component
soft
hedev
ices.

2.Li
mit
edaccesst
opr
act
it
ioner
sthatamountt
oscar
cit
yofpr
ost
heses
or
thoseswhi
cht
hencont
ri
but
est
othei
ncr
easedcostoft
hedev
ice.

3.Fai
l
ure oft
he or
thoses pr
ost
heses t
o gi
ve and show a manageabl
e
r
esembl
ance t
othe l
ost l
i
mb whi
ch amount
sto decr
eased user
accept
anceandi
ncr
easedabandonmentr
atesul
ti
mat
elyhi
nder
ingt
he
i
ndi
vi
dual
srehabi
l
itat
ionpr
ocess.

4.I
nnov
ati
on St
agnat
ion i
n speci
fi
c ar
eas:The pr
obl
em ofi
nnov
ati
on
cont
ri
but
est
othef
oll
owi
ng:

i
. Lackofsensor
yawar
enessi
nfabr
icat
eddev
ices.

i
i
. Wei
ghtandr
esi
l
iencei
ssues

i
i
i. Decr
eased qual
i
ty ofl
i
fei
n pat
ientwhi
ch l
eads t
o emot
ional
br
eakdownet
c.

2
Al
thought
heabov
eli
stedl
i
mit
ati
onsandchal
l
engeshav
enotbeenf
ull
y
er
adi
cat
ed,t
hef
oll
owi
ngadv
ancementappr
oacheshav
ehel
pedt
ochange
t
hecur
rentcour
seofanal
ysi
sint
hef
iel
d:

Upgr
aded/
adv
ancedmat
eri
alsusedi
npr
ost
het
icsandor
thot
ics.

Mat
eri
als used pr
ost
het
ics and or
thot
ics hav
e under
gone some
appr
eci
abl
eimpr
ovement
swhi
chhassi
gni
fi
cant
lychangedt
hecour
seof
t
hingsi
nthef
iel
d.Theyar
enow l
i
ght
wei
ght
,comf
ort
abl
eandgener
all
y
mor
ehuman-
fr
iendl
y.Theseadv
anceswer
eofcour
sepr
opagat
edbybet
ter
knowl
edgeofmat
eri
alsci
ence.Someoft
hesemat
eri
alsi
ncl
ude:

i
.Dur
a-f
lex Ther
mopl
ast
ics (
such as pol
ypr
opy
lene and pol
yet
hyl
ene)
whi
char
eusedi
nfabr
icat
ionofshel
l
s,suspensi
onsl
eev
esandbr
aces.

i
i
.Li
ght
wei
ghty
etst
rongcar
bonf
ibr
e(whi
char
eusedi
nthef
abr
icat
ionof
f
ootandpy
loncomponent
)andcor
rosi
onr
esi
stancet
it
ani
um al
l
oys
(
usedt
ofabr
icat
ejoi
ntsandst
ruct
ural
par
ts)
.

i
i
i.Cer
ami
ccomposi
tesandnewl
yinv
ent
ed“
met
amat
eri
als”
.

i
v.Si
l
iconeandr
esi
ns(
suchaspol
yest
er)usedi
nthef
abr
icat
ionofl
i
ner
s
andpr
ost
het
icsocket
.

These adv
anced mat
eri
als col
l
ect
ivel
yfunct
ion t
o hel
p cr
eat
e an
env
ironmentoccupi
edbysat
isf
ied,
comf
ort
abl
eandhopef
ulamput
ees.

NextGener
ati
on/
Innov
ati
vePr
ost
hesesAndOr
thoses

Thei
ntegr
ati
onofcut
ti
ng-
edgesy
stemsandt
echnol
ogyhasenabl
edt
he
dev
elopmentofmor
eadv
anced,per
sonal
i
zedandef
fect
ivepr
ost
het
icand
or
thot
icsol
uti
ons.For
mer
lyper
cei
vedas“
sci
encef
ict
ion”i
nnov
ati
onshav
e

3
now been dev
eloped and bei
ng put t
o use.Her
e ar
e some cor
e
gr
oundbr
eaki
ngdev
elopmenti
npr
ost
het
icsandor
thot
icst
echnol
ogy
:

i
. 3D-
pri
nti
ng:Thi
shasputanendt
otheper
iodwher
ebypeopl
egot
t
hesamet
ypeofpr
ost
hesesandor
thoses.3D-
pri
nti
ngal
l
owst
he
f
abr
icat
ion oft
he dev
ices accor
ding t
othe per
son’
s uni
que
anat
omyand need.I
tpr
oduces cust
om-
made pr
ost
heses and
or
thosesbyl
ayer
ingmat
eri
alspr
ovi
dedov
eroneanot
herwhi
l
e
ensur
ingl
i
ght
ness.

i
i
. Br
ain-
comput
eri
nter
faces(
BCI
s):Thi
sal
l
owspat
ient
stocont
rol
t
hei
rindi
vi
dualdev
ices(
Prost
heses)wi
tht
hei
rthought
swhi
ch
pr
oducesar
epl
i
caoft
hei
nst
inct
ivemov
ementpr
ovi
dedbyt
he
upper and l
ower l
i
mbs.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,t
hese i
nter
faces al
l
ow
i
ndi
vi
dual
sto per
for
m si
mpl
e act
ivi
ti
es ofdai
l
y-l
i
ving such as
pi
cki
ngupphy
sicalobj
ect
sandt
yingofshoel
aces t
hroughmi
nd
cont
roli
mpul
ses e.
g.DEKA ar
m sy
stem,Neur
o-or
thot
ics and
Ot
tobock’
smy
oel
ect
ri
cpr
ost
heses.

i
i
i. Osseoi
ntegr
atedi
mpl
ant
s:Thesear
emai
nlypr
ost
hesesandar
e
at
tacheddi
rect
lyt
otheskel
eton,pr
ovi
dingasecur
eandnat
ural
connect
ion whi
ch of
fer
s gr
eat
er/
bet
terst
abi
l
ityand cont
roli
n
mov
ement
s.I
tissomewhatl
i
keaper
manentconnect
iont
hatl
et
onecont
rolhi
sorherpr
ost
hesesmor
eint
uit
ivel
ycr
eat
ingasense
ofembodi
mentt
hati
sremar
kabl
ysi
mil
art
ohav
inganat
urall
i
mb
e.
g. OPRL (
Osseoi
ntegr
ated pr
ost
het
ic l
egs) and OPRA
(
Osseoi
ntegr
atedpr
ost
het
icar
ms)
.

i
v. Sensor
ysubst
it
uti
onsy
stems:Thesesy
stemsensur
essensor
y
f
eedback,
bypr
ovi
dingaki
nest
het
icandt
act
il
ereact
ionorf
eel
i
ng
t
otheuserenabl
i
ngt
hem t
oper
cei
vev
ari
oussensat
ionssuchas
4
 t
emper
atur
e,v
ibr
ati
on,pr
essur
e and ev
en t
ext
ure. Sensor
y
subst
it
uti
onsy
stemsar
eli
keahackf
orone’
sbr
ain,enabl
i
ngt
he
br
aint
oadaptt
osensor
yinf
oinnewandi
nnov
ati
veway
s.E.
g.SFS
(
Ossur
’ssensor
yfeedbacksy
stem)andTouchBi
oni
cs’
proDi
git
s.

I
nnov
ati
vepr
ost
hesesandOr
thosesbr
idget
hegapbet
weenabi
l
ityand
di
sabi
l
ity
,redef
inedassi
sti
vedev
icesf
orempower
edl
i
vingandunl
ocka
f
utur
ewher
etechnol
ogyandhumanpot
ent
ial
conv
erge.

Fut
ureDi
rect
ionandFor
war
d-l
ooki
ngadv
ancementi
nPr
ost
het
icsand
Or
thot
ics

Thef
iel
dofPr
ost
het
icsandOr
thot
icsi
sont
hecuspofr
evol
uti
onwi
th
f
ast
-pacedbr
eakt
hroughsi
nmat
eri
alsci
ence,ar
ti
fi
ci
ali
ntel
l
igenceand
bi
omechani
cs enabl
i
ng amput
ees gr
eat
er ease, conf
idence and
i
ndependencet
hannev
erbef
ore.Somef
orwar
dlooki
ngobj
ect
ivesand
di
rect
ionsi
nthef
iel
dincl
ude:

 Gr
owi
ngawar
enessandadv
ocacyf
ori
ncl
usi
vi
tyandaccessi
bil
it
y:
Thi
swi
l
lbr
ingaboutcol
l
ect
ionsofconst
ruct
ionandchangesl
i
ke
br
eaki
ngdownst
igmasur
roundi
ngdi
stabi
l
ityandpr
ost
het
icuse
andpr
omot
ingequalaccesst
opr
ost
het
iccar
eandt
echnol
ogyf
or
al
li
ndi
vi
dual
regar
dlessofage,
locat
ionorf
inanci
alst
atus.

 Per
sonal
ized and cust
omi
zed pr
ost
heses and or
thoses:The
f
utur
eofPr
ost
het
icsandOr
thot
icsai
msatcr
eat
ingdev
icest
hat
cat
ert
oper
sonal
pref
erencesand“
feetl
i
keagl
ove”
.

 Moder
nized f
abr
icat
ion met
hods:Ther
e ar
e now emer
ging
appr
oaches used i
nfabr
icat
ion ofdev
ices i
n Pr
ost
het
ics and
Or
thot
ics.Somei
ncl
ude:

5
  Lasersi
nter
ing:Thi
sisahi
gh-
resol
uti
onl
ayer
-by
-l
ayerpr
int
ing
f
orcompl
exgeomet
ri
es.

 Ar
ti
fi
cial
Int
ell
i
gence(
AI)
-dr
ivendesi
gnedandf
abr
icat
ion.

 4D-
pri
nti
ng:Thi
scr
eat
esshape-
shi
ft
ingmat
eri
alst
hatadaptt
o
changi
ngcondi
ti
ons.

 Nanof
abr
icat
ionet
c.

 Adv
ances i
n sur
gicalt
echni
ques:I
mpr
oved i
mpl
antdesi
gns,
enhancedbone-
impl
anti
nter
facesandmi
nimal
l
yinv
asi
vesur
gical
t
echni
quesar
enow beenut
il
izedi
nosseoi
ntegr
ati
onandt
arget
ed
r
einner
vat
ionsur
ger
ies.

I
nconcl
usi
on,t
hef
iel
dofPr
ost
het
icsandOr
thot
icsi
sont
hecuspof
si
gni
fi
cantadv
ancementi
nthecomi
ngy
ear
sasongoi
ngr
esear
chand
dev
elopmentcont
inuet
opusht
heboundar
iesofwhati
spossi
ble,
creat
ing
awor
ldwher
eindi
vi
dual
scant
hri
vewi
thoutl
i
mit
s.