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Lecture-1 & 2

textile

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Abror md Fayiaz
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34 views4 pages

Lecture-1 & 2

textile

Uploaded by

Abror md Fayiaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fabric Manufacturing Engineering-I

Textile Process Cycle at a glance:


Fibers (Natural, MMF, Blends)

Yarns (Staple fibers, continuous filament)

Textile/Fabrics (Woven, knit, non-woven)

Textile finishing (Coloration, mechanical finishing, chemical finishing)

Cloth manufacturing (Industrial, Bespoken/ordered)

Retailing (Chain stores, Independents)

Consumer (User)

Recycle/Disposal

There are three principal methods of mechanically manipulating yarn into textile fabrics:
interweaving, intertwining, and interlooping. All three methods have evolved from hand-
manipulated techniques through their application on primitive frames into sophisticated
manufacturing operations on automated machinery.

➢ Interweaving is the intersection of two sets of straight


threads, warp, and weft, which cross and interweave at
right angles to each other. Weaving is by far the oldest
and most common method of producing continuous
lengths of straight-edged fabric.
Fabric Manufacturing Engineering-I

➢ Interlooping consists of forming yarn(s) into loops, each


of which is typically only released after a succeeding loop
has been formed and intermeshed with it so that a secure
ground loop structure is achieved. The loops are also held
together by the yarn passing from one to the next.
Knitting is the most common method of interlooping and
is second only to weaving as a method of manufacturing
textile products.

➢ Intertwining and twisting include a number of techniques,


such as braiding and knotting, where threads are caused to
intertwine with each other at right angles or some other angle.
These techniques tend to produce special constructions
whose uses are limited to very specific purposes.

Classification of woven fabric:


According to weave structures woven fabrics may be conveniently divided into two principal
categories, as follows:
1. Simple Structure:
✓ The ends and the picks intersect one another at right angles and in the cloth are respectively
parallel with each other.
✓ There is only one series of ends (warp) and one series of picks (weft).
✓ All the constituent threads are equally responsible for both the aspect of utility or
performance in a fabric and the aspect of aesthetic appeal. Example: Plain fabric, Twill
fabric etc.

2. Compound Structure:
✓ More than one series of ends and picks are used in this structure.
✓ Some of threads may be responsible for the body of the fabric whilst some may be
employed entirely for ornamental purposes.
✓ In the cloths, some threads may be found not to be in parallel formation one to another in
either plane.
Fabric Manufacturing Engineering-I

Yarn Preparation

The yarn which is collected from the spinning section cannot be used in the loom directly. Before
using it in the loom, it is processed in many ways. These all ways are called Yarn preparation.
Reasons for yarn preparation or Necessity:
➢ To wind yarn uniformly onto a suitable package.
➢ To improve weaving efficiency.
➢ To improve or maintain a higher quality of fabric.
➢ To clean the yarn for better appearance & performance.
➢ To remove yarn fault.

Objects of Warp Preparation:


The object of warp preparation is to transfer yarn from the spinner bobbin/package to a weavers’
beam which can be placed behind a loom ready for weaving. A weaver's beam usually contains
several thousand ends for a variety of reasons. It can seldom be made in operation.

Quality of a good warp:


➢ It must be sufficiently and uniformly strong.
➢ Uniform in cross-section i.e. free from thick and thin place.
➢ Less hairy and clean.
➢ Proper and standard type and size of knots.
➢ Minimum no. of knots.
➢ Parallel arrangement of warp yarn on the weaver’s beam.
➢ Free from neps, slubs, and loose fibers.
➢ Uniform warp tension.
➢ Uniformly sized.
Fabric Manufacturing Engineering-I

Winding:

Winding is the process of transferring yarns from one package (e.g. ring, bobbin, hank etc) to
another suitable package (e.g. cone, cheese, flange bobbin) is called winding. It may be electrical
or mechanical.

Warp→ Cone, cheese, flanged bobbin.

Weft→ Pirn, cop.

Objects of winding:

1. To transfer yarn from one package to another suitable package, this can be conveniently
used for weaving purposes.
2. To remove yarn faults like hairiness, neps, slubs, or foreign matters.
3. To clean yarn.
4. To improve the quality of yarn.
5. To get a suitable package.
6. To store the yarn.

Requirements of winding:

1. Minimum fault level.


2. No damage of yarn.
3. Must permit easy unwinding.
4. Suitable size and shape of the package.
5. Economical condition and carrying.
6. Avoid excess looseness or tightness.
7. Cheap cost of the package.
8. Above all the process must be profitable.

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