kasperanalytics.

com

9123820085

Selenium with
Cucumber
Framework
Interview
Questions &
Answers

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

1) Explain Cucumber shortly.

Cucumber is a tool that is based on Behavior Driven Development (BDD)

methodology.

The main aim of the Behavior Driven Development framework is to make various
project roles such as Business Analysts, Quality Assurance, Developers, etc.,
understand the application without diving deep into the technical aspects.

2) What language is used by Cucumber?

Gherkin is the language that is used by the Cucumber tool. It is a simple English
representation of the application behavior. Gherkin language uses several
keywords to describe the behavior of applications such as Feature, Scenario,
Scenario Outline, Given, When, Then, etc.

3) What is meant by a feature file?

A feature file must provide a high-level description of an Application Under Test

(AUT). The first line of the feature file must start with the keyword ‘Feature’ followed
by the description of the application under test.

A feature file may include multiple scenarios within the same file. A feature file has
the extension .feature.

4) What are the various keywords that are used in Cucumber for writing a
scenario?
Mentioned below are the keywords that are used for writing a scenario:
o Given
o When
o Then
o And

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

5) What is the purpose of a Scenario Outline in Cucumber?

Scenario outline is a way of parameterization of scenarios. This is ideally used

when the same scenario needs to be executed for multiple sets of data, however,
the test steps remain the same. Scenario Outline must be followed by the keyword
‘Examples’, which specify the set of values for each parameter.

6) What programming language is used by Cucumber?

Cucumber tool provides support for multiple programming languages such as

Java, .Net, Ruby etc. It can also be integrated with multiple tools such as Selenium,
Capybara, etc.

7) What is the purpose of the Step Definition file in Cucumber?

A step definition file in Cucumber is used to segregate the feature files from the
underlying code. Each step of the feature file can be mapped to a corresponding
method on the Step Definition file.

While feature files are written in an easily understandable language like, Gherkin,
Step Definition files are written in programming languages such as Java, .Net,
Ruby, etc.

8) What are the major advantages of the Cucumber framework?

Given below are the advantages of the Cucumber Gherkin framework that make
Cucumber an ideal choice for rapidly evolving Agile methodology in today’s
corporate world.

1. Cucumber is an open-source tool.

2. Plain Text representation makes it easier for non-technical users to
understand the scenarios.
3. It bridges the communication gap between various project stakeholders such
as Business Analysts, Developers, and Quality Assurance personnel.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

4. Automation test cases developed using the Cucumber tool are easier to
maintain and understand as well.
5. Easy to integrate with other tools such as Selenium and Capybara.

9) Provide an example of a feature file using the Cucumber framework.

Following is an example of a feature file for the scenario ‘Login into the
application:

Feature: Login to the application under test. Scenario:

1. Login to the application.

2. Open the Chrome browser and launch the application.
3. When the user enters the username onto the UserName field.
4. And User enters the password into the Password field.
5. When the user clicks on the Login button.
6. Then validate if the user login is successful.

10) Provide an example of a Scenario Outline using the Cucumber framework.

The following is an example of a Scenario Outline keyword for the scenario

‘Upload a file’. The number of parameter values to be included in the feature file is
based on the tester’s choice.

Scenario Outline:

1. Upload a file
2. Given that the user is on upload file screen.
3. When a user clicks on the Browse button.
4. And user enters <filename> onto the upload textbox.
5. And user clicks on the enter button.
6. Then verify that the file upload is successful.

Example:

|filename| |file1| |file2|

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

11) What is the purpose of the Behaviour Driven Development (BDD)

methodology in the real world?

BDD is a methodology to understand the functionality of an applicatio the simple

plain text representation.

The main aim of the Behavior Driven Development framework is to make various
project roles such as Business Analysts, Quality Assurance, Developers, and
Support Teams understand the application without diving deep into the technical
aspects.

12) What is the limit for the maximum number of scenarios that can be included
in the feature file?

A feature file can contain a maximum of 10 scenarios, but the number can vary
from project to project and from one organization to another. But it is generally
advisable to limit the number of scenarios included in the feature file.

13) What is the use the of Background keyword in Cucumber?

Background keyword is used to group multiple given statements into a single

group. This is generally used when the same set of the given statement is
repeated in each scenario of the feature file.

14) What symbol is used for parameterization in Cucumber?

Pipe symbol (|) is used to specify one or more parameter values in a feature file.

15) What is the purpose of Examples keyword in Cucumber?

Examples keyword is used to specify values for each parameter used in the
scenario. Scenario Outline keyword must always be followed by the keyword
Examples.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

16) What is the file extension for a feature file?

File Extension for a feature file is .feature. A feature file is ideally written in a
notepad file and is saved with the extension feature.

17) Provide an example of a step definition file in Cucumber.

Step definition corresponding to the step “Open Chrome browser and launch the
application” may look like the code mentioned below:

@Given("^Open Chrome browser and launch the application$") public void

openBrowser()

driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().window().maximize();

driver.get("www.facebook.com");

18) What is the purpose of the Cucumber Options tag?

Cucumber Options tag is used to provide a link between the feature files and step
definition files. Each step of the feature file is mapped to a corresponding method
on the step definition file.

Below is the syntax of Cucumber Options tag:

@CucumberOptions(features="Features",glue={"StepDefinition"})

19) How can Cucumber be integrated with Selenium WebDriver?

Cucumber can be integrated with the Selenium Webdriver by downloading the

necessary JAR files.

Given below are the list of JAR files that are to be downloaded for using
Cucumber with Selenium web driver:

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

o cucumber-core-1.2.2.jar
o cucumber-java-1.2.2.jar
o cucumber-junit-1.2.2.jar
o cucumber-jvm-deps-1.0.3.jar
o cucumber-reporting-0.1.0.jar
o gherkin-2.12.2.jar

20) When is Cucumber used in real-time?

Cucumber tool is generally used in real-time to write acceptance tests for an

application. It is generally used by non-technical people such as Business
Analysts, Functional Testers, etc.

21) Provide an example of Background keyword in Cucumber.

Background: Given the user is on the application login .

22)What is the use of Behavior Driven Development in Agile methodology?

The advantages of Behavior Driven Development are best realized when non-
technical users such as Business Analysts use BDD to draft requirements and
provide the same to the developers for implementation.

In Agile methodology, user stories can be written in the format of feature file and
the same can be taken up for implementation by the developers.

23) Explain the purpose of keywords that are used for writing a scenario in
Cucumber.
o “Given” keyword is used to specify a precondition for the scenario.
o “When” keyword is used to specify an operation to be performed.
o “Then” keyword is used to specify the expected result of a performed
action.
o “And” keyword is used to join one or more statements together into a single
statement.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

24) What is the name of the plugin that is used to integrate Eclipse with
Cucumber?

Cucumber Natural Plugin is the plugin that is used to integrate Eclipse with
Cucumber.

25) What is the meaning of the TestRunner class in Cucumber?

TestRunner class is used to provide the link between the feature file and the step
definition file. The next question provides a sample representation of how the
TestRunner class will look like. A TestRunner class is generally an empty class with
no class definition.

26) Provide an example of the TestRunner class in Cucumber.

Package com.sample.TestRunner

importorg.junit.runner.RunWith;

importcucumber.api.CucumberOptions;

importcucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features="Features",glue={"StepDefinition"})

public class Runner

27) What is the starting point of execution for feature files?

When integrated with Selenium, the starting point of execution must be from the
TestRunner class.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

28) Should any code be written within the TestRunner class?

No code should be written under the TestRunner class. It should include the tags
@RunWith and @CucumberOptions.

29) What is the use of features property under the Cucumber Options tag?

Features property is used to let the Cucumber framework identify the location of
the feature files.

30) What is the use of glue property under the Cucumber Options tag?

Glue property is used to let the Cucumber framework identify the location of step
definition files.

31) What is the maximum number of steps that are to be written within a
scenario?

3-4 steps.

32) What is Cucumber? Why is it used?

Cucumber is a testing tool based on Behavior Driven Development (BDD)

framework. It is used to run functional tests written in plain text and develop test
cases for software functionality. It plays a supporting role in automated testing.

In other words, we can say that "Cucumber is a software tool used by the testers
to develop test cases for the testing of behavior of the software."

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

33) What is the main aim of the Behavior Driven Development (BDD)
framework?

The main aim of the Behavior Driven Development framework is to make various
project roles such as Business Analysts, Quality Assurance, Developers, etc.,
understand the application without diving deep into the technical aspects.

34) What are the two files required to execute a Cucumber test scenario?

Following are the two files required to execute a Cucumber test scenario:

o Features
o Step Definition

35) What do you understand by a feature file?

A feature file is used to provide a high-level description of an Application Under

Test (AUT). The first line of the feature file must start with the keyword 'Feature'
followed by the description of the application under test. A feature file may
include multiple scenarios within the same file, and the extension of the feature
file must be ".feature."

36) What are the differences between Jbehave and Cucumber?

Although Cucumber and Jbehave are designed for the same purpose, the most
distinctive difference between them is that Jbehave is based on stories while
Cucumber is based on features.

37)What do you understand by regular expressions?

A regular expression is a pattern used to describe a certain amount of text. The

most basic regular expression consists of a single literal character.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

38) What do you understand by test harness in Cucumber?

In Cucumber, the test harness allows for separating responsibility between setting
up the context and interacting with the browser, and cleaning up the step
definition files. It collects stubs, drivers, and other supporting tools required to
automate test execution in testing.

39) What is the difference between RSpec and Cucumber? When should we
use RSpec and when to use Cucumber?

RSpec and Cucumber both are the example of testing frameworks. RSpec uses
traditional Unit Testing. It means it uses testing a class or part of the application in
isolation from the rest of the application. So your model does what your model is
supposed to do, the controller does what it is supposed to do, etc. RSpec and
Cucumber both are used for Acceptance Testing, also called ATDD, BDD, etc.

Difference between RSpec and Cucumber

The main difference between RSpec and Cucumber is the business readability
factor.

RSpec is mainly used for Unit Testing. On the other hand, Cucumber is mainly
used for Behavior-driven development. We can also use it for System and
Integration Testing.

In Cucumber, the specifications or features are separate from the test code, so
the product owners can provide or review the specification without going through
the code. These are the .feature files that you make in Cucumber.

RSpec also has a similar mechanism, but instead of describing a step with a
Describe or Context, it uses the business specification to execute that statement.
This approach is a little easier for developers to work with but a bit harder for non-
technical guys.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

Which should we use?

For a core developer, it is the best choice to use RSpec. It is easier to understand
for a technical person and offers a few advantages in keeping things scoped and
under control because you don't have to mess up with RegExs for test steps.

If you are building this for a client, you should choose Cucumber for Acceptance
Testing and use RSpec for Unit Testing.

40) What is Selenium?

Selenium is a web browser automation tool widely used for Functional Testing of
web- based applications. Selenium supports different programming languages
such as Java, Python, Ruby, C#, etc.

41) What is the difference between Selenium and Cucumber?

Selenium and Cucumber are both open-source testing tools, and both are used
for functional testing. But there are some differences between them.

Following are some critical differences between Selenium and Cucumber:

➢ Selenium is a web browser automation tool for web apps, while Cucumber
is an automation tool for behavior-driven development that can be used
with Selenium (or Appium).
➢ Selenium is used for automated UI testing, while Cucumber is used for
acceptance testing.
➢ Selenium is preferred by technical teams (SDETs/programmers), while
Cucumber is typically preferred by non-technical teams (business
stakeholders and testers).
➢ Selenium can work independently of Cucumber. Cucumber depends on
Selenium or Appium for step-definition implementation.
➢ In Selenium, the script creation is complex, while Cucumber is simpler than
Selenium.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

42) Why we have to use Cucumber with Selenium?

Cucumber and Selenium are both testing frameworks and prevalent

technologies. Many organizations use Selenium for functional testing. Along with
Selenium, these organizations integrate Cucumber with Selenium as Cucumber
makes it easy to read and understand the application flow. The most significant
benefit of using Cucumber with Selenium is that it facilitates developers to write
test cases in simple feature files easily understood by managers, non-technical
stakeholders, and business analysts.

provides the facility to write tests in a human-readable language called Gherkin.

The Selenium-Cucumber framework supports programming languages such as
Java, .NET, PHP, Python, Perl, etc.

43) What do you understand by TDD, and what are the different processes
used in TDD?

TDD is an acronym that stands for Test-Driven Development. This is a software

development technique used to create the test cases first and then write the
code underlying those test cases. Although TDD is a development technique, it
can also be used for automation testing development. TDD takes more time for
development because it tends to find very few defects. The result provided by the
TDD development technique has improved the quality of code, and that can be
more reusable and flexible. TDD also helps developers to achieve high test
coverage of about 90-100%. The only disadvantage for developers following TDD
is to write their test cases before writing the code.

Following is the list of simple 6 step process used by TDD methodology:

First, write the test case: You have to write an automated test case according to
your requirements.

Run all the test cases: Now, run these automated test cases on the currently
developed code.

Develop the code for that test case: In this process, you must write the code to
make that test case work as expected if the test case fails.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

9123820085

Run test cases again: Now, you have to rerun the test cases and check if all the
test cases developed so far are implemented.

Refactor your code: This is an optional step. But, it is advised to refactor your code
to make it more readable and reusable. That's why it is essential.

Repeat steps 1- 5 for new test cases: This is the last step. Here, you have to repeat
the cycle for the other test cases until all the test cases are implemented.

44) What are the similarities between BDD and TDD?

➢ TDD stands for Test-Driven Development, and BDD stands for Behavior
Driven Development. Both are two software development techniques.
➢ BDD and TDD are both very similar as they are both testing strategies for a
software application. In both cases, the developers have to write the test
before writing the code to pass the test. The second main similarity
between them is in both cases; the tests can be used as part of an
automated testing framework to prevent bugs.

[email protected]

kasper-analytics