1.

0 RATIONALE

A data communication and computer networks has been growing with rapid technological
progress. Computer communication through networking becomes essential par1t of our life. By
considering importance of networking in day today life, it is essential for students to know the
basic concept of networks like network classification, network topologies. network devices. This
course deal with the important concepts and techniques related to data communication and
enable students to have an insight in to technology involved to make the network communication
possible.

2.0 COMPETENCY

The aim of this course is to help the student to attain the following industry identified
competency through various teaching learning experiences:

 Maintain data communication and computer network

3.0 COURSE OUTCOMES (COS)

The theory, practical experiences and relevant soft skills associated with this course are to be
taught and implemented, so that the student demonstrates the following industry-oriented
COs associated with the above-mentioned competency:

a. Analyze the functioning of data communication and computer network.

b. Select relevant transmission media and switching techniques as per need.

c. Analyze the transmission errors with respect to IEEE standards.

d. Configure various networking devices.

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 e. Configure different TCP/IP services.

“ TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS ”

4.0 Aim/benefits of the micro project

 Aim :- A detailed study of types of computer network

 Benefits :- Understood the Importance of computer network

 Course outcomes Addressed

To know about computer network there are two main types geographical and
architecture

5.1 Actual me methodology followed

1. First of all, we understand the topic.

2. We collect information about the entire parameter’s topic.

3. We understand each concept of topic.

4. We distribute the work to every group member.

5. We prepare the project report.

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5.2 Action plan (sequence and for major activity)

Sr. Details of activity Planned Start Planned Name of

Finish responsible
No. date Team
members

1. Select the topic about the 25/1/24 27/2/24 ALL

micro project.
2. Collect information about us 28/2/2024 8/3/24 ALL
topic
3. To understand the concept of 11/3/24 14/3/24 ALL
topic
3. Analysis of data 15/3/2024 23/3/2024 ALL

4. To prepare project report 23/3/2024 3/4/2024 ALL

6.0 Resources required:

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  Names of Team Member’s with Roll No.

Sr Name of students Roll no. sign

no

1. Ms. Rutuja Suryawanshi 65

2. Ms. Priyanka Taksal 66

3. Ms. Devika Tatude 67

Mrs. A.K.Kudlikar

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 (Subject teacher)

Introduction

 NETWORK

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources
(such as printers and CDs), exchange files , allow electronic communications. The
computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves,
satellites, or infrared light beams.

 TYPES OF NETWORKS

 There are two types of networks

1. Geographical Network

2. Architecture Network

1. Geographical Network

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  Types of Geographical Network

I. PAN (Personal Area Network )

II. LAN (Local Area Network )

III. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

IV. WAN (Wide Area Network

I. PAN (Personal Area Network )

o Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual person, typically

within a range of 10 meters.

o Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer devices of personal use is
known as Personal Area Network.

o Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the idea of the Personal Area
Network.

o Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.

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o Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area network are the
laptop, mobile phones, media player and play station

 There are two types of Personal Area Network:

o Wired Personal Area Network

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 Wired PAN is connected through cables/wires such as Firewire or USB (Universal Serial
Bus).

o Wireless Personal Area Network Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is

connected through signals such as infrared, ZigBee, Bluetooth and ultrawideband, etc

 Examples of PAN :

Body Area Network – It is a mobile network that moves with a persona range for example

when a person connects his smartphone to the Bluetooth headphone and moves in the market that

refers to a body area network.

Offline Network –In these multiple devices are connected through Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. The

devices attached to your computer including printers, mouse, speakers, and other appliances are

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 integrated using a Personal Area Network (PAN) and do not use the internet. So a

communication network is formed between the devices used in a small single space for example

home.

 Advantages of PAN –

1. PAN is relatively flexible and provides high efficiency for short network ranges.

2. It needs easy setup and relatively low cost.

3. It does not require frequent installations and maintenance It is easy and portable

4. Needs fewer technical skills to use.

 Disadvantages of PAN :

1. Low network coverage area/range

2. Limited to relatively low data rates

3. Devices are not compatible with each other

4. Inbuilt WPAN devices are a little bit costly.

II. LAN (Local Area Network )

o Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such

as building, office.

o LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a communication

medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.

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 o It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters,

and ethernet cables.

o The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area Network.

o Local Area Network provides higher security.

 Benefits of LAN

 Its main advantages are the local area network's rapid, simple setup and low cost.

 Keeping everything stored on the server safe and secure is done through data protection.

 LAN model and established ethernet cabling allow a system linked to a LAN to interact

directly at a very high speed

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  Disadvantages

 Local area networks are only utilized in structures since they cannot be used in larger

regions.

 Unauthorized users may access data if the server's equipment is not appropriately

configured and there is a technology issue.

 There are restrictions on how many devices may be connected to LANs.

 Attributes of LAN Network:

 The data transmit speed in the LAN network is relatively higher than the other network

types, MAN and WAN.

 LAN uses private network addresses for network connectivity for data and service

exchange, and it uses cable for network connection, decreasing error and maintaining

data security.

III. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

o A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by

interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.

o Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries.

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 o In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone exchange line.

o The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3,

ADSL, etc.

o It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).

 Uses Of Metropolitan Area Network :

 MAN is used in communication between the banks in a city.

 It can be used in an Airline Reservation.

 It can be used in a college within a city.

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  It can also be used for communication in the military

 Advantages:

 Provides high-speed connectivity over a larger geographical area than LAN.

 Can be used as an ISP for multiple customers.

 Offers higher data transfer rates than WAN in some cases.

 Disadvantages:

 Can be expensive to set up and maintain.

 May experience congestion and network performance issues with increased usage.

 May have limited fault tolerance and security compared to LANs

IV. WAN (Wide Area Network)

o A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large

geographical area such as states or countries.
o A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.
o A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans
over a large geographical area through a telephone line, fiber optic
cable or satellite links.

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 o The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
o A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business,
government, and education.

 Examples Of Wide Area Network:

 Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is widely used across a region or country.

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  Last mile: A telecom company is used to provide the internet services to the
customers in hundreds of cities by connecting their home with fiber.

 Private network: A bank provides a private network that connects the 44

offices. This network is made by using the telephone leased line provided by
the telecom company.

 Advantages:

 Covers large geographical areas and can connect remote locations.

 Provides connectivity to the internet.
 Offers remote access to resources and applications.
 Can be used to support multiple users and applications simultaneously.

 Disadvantages:
 Can be expensive to set up and maintain.
 Offers slower data transfer rates than LAN or MAN.
 May experience higher latency and longer propagation delays due to longer distances
and multiple network hops.
 May have lower fault tolerance and security compared to LANs.

2 Architecture Network

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 Types of Architecture Network

I. Peer-to-peer architecture network

II. Client architecture network

I. Peer-to-peer architecture network

 Peer-To-Peer network is a network in which all the computers are
linked together with equal privilege and responsibilities for
processing the data.
 Peer-To-Peer network is useful for small environments, usually up
to 10 computers.
 Peer-To-Peer network has no dedicated server.
 Special permissions are assigned to each computer for sharing
the resources, but this can lead to a problem if the computer with
the resource is down.

 Advantages Of Peer-To-Peer Network:

 It is less costly as it does not contain any dedicated server.

 If one computer stops working but, other computers will not stop working.

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  It is easy to set up and maintain as each computer manages itself.

 Disadvantages Of Peer-To-Peer Network:

 In the case of Peer-To-Peer network, it does not contain the centralized system .
 Therefore, it cannot back up the data as the data is different in different locations.
 It has a security issue as the device is managed itself.

II. Client architecture network

 Client/Server network is a network model designed for the end users called
clients, to access the resources such as songs, video, etc. from a central computer
known as Server.
 The central controller is known as a server while all other computers in the
network are called clients.
 A server performs all the major operations such as security and network
management.
 A server is responsible for managing all the resources such as files, directories,
printer, etc.
 All the clients communicate with each other through a server. For example, if
client1 wants to send some data to client 2, then it first sends the request to the
server for the permission. The server sends the response to the client 1 to initiate
its communication with the client 2.

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Advantages Of Client/Server network:

 A Client/Server network contains the centralized system. Therefore, we can back up

the data easily.
 A Client/Server network has a dedicated server that improves the overall
performance of the whole system.
 Security is better in Client/Server network as a single server administers the shared
resources.
 It also increases the speed of the sharing resources.

Disadvantages Of Client/Server network:

 Client/Server network is expensive as it requires the server with large memory.

 A server has a Network Operating System(NOS) to provide the resources to the
clients, but the cost of NOS is very high.
 It requires a dedicated network administrator to manage all the resources.

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8.0 Skill Developed

1. Teamwork

2. Communication skills

3. Team management

4. Critical Thinking

5. Task management

9.0 Conclusion

the exploration of various computer network types highlights their unique strengths
and applications. Understanding these distinctions is essential for optimizing
network design and functionality. Moving forward, continued adaptation to
emerging technologies will shape the future of computer networks, driving
innovation and connectivity in our digital world.

10.0 References

I. https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-architecture
II. https://www.javatpoint.com/types-of-computer-network
III. https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/networking-tutorial/
importance-of-types-of-networks-lan-man-wan
IV. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-area-networks-lan-
man-and-wan/

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