Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

1. 2021 February 24 shift 1 Key: 4

Moment of inertia (MI) of four bodies having same mass and radius are reported as

I1 = MI of thin circular ring about its diameter

I2 = MI of circular disc about an axis perpendicular to disc and going through centre
I3 = MI of solid cylinder about its axis
I4 = MI of solid sphere about its diameter
5
1) I1 + I2 = I3 + 2 I4 2) I1 + I3 < I2 + I4 3) I1 = I2 = I3 < I4 4) I1 = I2 = I3 > I4

Sol. All the four bodies have same mass and radius
1
I1 = MI of thin circular ring about diameter: 2 𝑚𝑅 2
1
I2 = MI of circular disc about centre of mass axis: 2 𝑚𝑅 2
1
I3 = MI of solid cylinder about its axis: 2 𝑚𝑅 2
2
I4 = MI of solid sphere about diameter: 5 𝑚𝑅 2

2. 2021 February 24 shift 2 Key: 1

𝑎
A circular hole of radius (2) is cut out of a circular disc of radius ‘a’ as shown in figure. The centroid of the
remaining circular portion with respect to the point O will be

1 5 2 10
1) a 2) a 3) a 4) a
6 6 3 11

Sol. Radius of the circular disc: a; Area of the circular disc: A1 = 𝜋𝑎2
𝑎 𝜋𝑎2
Radius of the hole: 2; Area of the circular hole: A2 = 4

Position of center of mass of the circular disc: C1 = (0, 0)

Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

𝑎
Position of centre of mass of the circular hole: C2 = (2 , 0)
𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎3
𝐴1 𝑥1 − 𝐴2 𝑥2 𝜋𝑎2 (0) − 𝜋 ( ) −𝜋 1
4 2 8
Centre of mass of the remaining disc: 𝑥𝑐𝑚 = = 𝑎2
= 3 = −6 a
𝐴1 − 𝐴2 𝜋𝑎2 −𝜋 𝜋𝑎2
4 4

3. 2021 February 24 shift 2 Key: 8

A uniform thin bar of mass 6 kg and length 2.4 m is bent to make an equilateral hexagon. The moment of inertia
about an axis passing through the centre of mass and perpendicular to the plane of hexagon is _____ x 10−1 kgm2

Sol. Mass and length of the rod: 6 kg and 2.4 m

Mass and length of each side of the regular hexagon: 1 kg and 0.4 m
𝑚𝑙2 1 × 0.16 0.16
Moment of inertia of the rod (one side) about its midpoint: I0 = = = kgm2
12 12 12

Moment of inertia of the rod (one side) about center of hexagon: I = I0 + mx2
√3 √3
x: perpendicular distance between center of rod & center of hexagon = height of equilateral triangle: x = a= (0.4) = 0.2 √3 m
2 2
0.16 2 0.16 0.16 12 16 +144 160
I= + (1) (0.2√3) = + 0.12 = + 100 = = 1200 kgm2
12 12 12 1200
16
Moment of inertia of the hexagon: I1 = 6I = 6 × 120 = 0.8 kgm2

Moment of inertia of the hexagon: I1 = 8 x 10−1 kgm2

Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

4. 2021 February 25 shift 2 Key: Question deleted

A sphere of radius ‘a’ and mass ‘m’ rolls along a horizontal plane with constant speed v0. It encounters an
inclined plane at angle θ and climbs upward. Assuming that it rolls without slipping, how far up, the sphere
will travel?

0𝑣 2 𝑣 2
0 10𝑣 2 2𝑣 2
1) 2𝑔 sin 2) 5𝑔 sin 3) 7𝑔 sin0 𝜃 0
4) 5𝑔 sin
𝜃 𝜃 𝜃

5. 2021 February 26 shift 1 Key: 1

Four identical solid spheres each of mass ‘m’ and radius ‘a’ are placed with their centres on the four corners
of a square of side ‘b’. The moment of inertia of the system about one side of the square where the axis of
rotation is parallel to the plane of the square is

4 8 8 4
1) 5 ma2 + 2mb2 2) 5 ma2 + 2mb2 3) 5 ma2 + mb2 4) 5 ma2

Sol. Axis of rotation: one side of the square: diameter of the solid sphere
2
Moment of inertia of a solid sphere about its diameter: 5 𝑚𝑎2
2
For spheres 1 & 2, axis of rotation is diameter: I1 = I2 = 5 𝑚𝑎2
2
For spheres 3 & 4, axis of rotation is parallel to diameter: I3 = I4 = Id + md2 (parallel axis theorem): I3 = I4 = 5 𝑚𝑎2 + mb2
2 4
Moment of inertia of the system: I = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = 2 x 5 𝑚𝑎2 + 2mb2 = 5 ma2 + 2mb2

6. 2021 February 26 shift 2 Key: 3

A cord is wound round the circumference of wheel of radius ‘r’. The axis of the wheel is horizontal and the moment of inertia about it is I. A
weight mg is attached to the chord at the end. The weight falls from rest. After falling through a distance h, the square of angular velocity of wheel
will be
2𝑔ℎ 2𝑚𝑔ℎ 2𝑚𝑔ℎ
1) 2gh 2) 3) 4)
𝐼 + 𝑚𝑟 2 𝐼 + 𝑚𝑟 2 𝐼 + 2𝑚𝑟 2
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

Sol. Decrease in gravitational potential energy of the weight: mgh

1
Increase in translational KE of the weight: 2 mv2
1
Increase in rotational KE of the wheel: 2 Iω2
1 1 1 1 1
Total increase in KE: 2 mv2 + 2 Iω2 = 2 m (rω)2 + 2 Iω2 = 2 ω2 (mr2 + I)
1 2𝑚𝑔ℎ
Conservation of mechanical energy: mgh = ω2 (mr2 + I) → ω2 =
2 𝐼 + 𝑚𝑟 2
2𝑚𝑔ℎ
Square of angular velocity: 𝐼 + 𝑚𝑟 2

7. 2021 March 16 shift 1 Key: 3

Four equal masses, m each are placed at the corners of a square of side length 𝑙 as shown in figure. The moment
of inertia of the system about an axis passing through A and parallel to DB would be

1. 𝑚𝑙 2 2. 3𝑚𝑙 2 3. √3 𝑚𝑙 2 4. 2 𝑚𝑙 2

Sol. Moment of inertia of a point mass: I = md2 (d: perpendicular distance of point mass from axis)
Moment of inertia of the system: I = ID + IB + IC
𝐴𝐶 √2𝑙 𝑙
Perpendicular distance between A and DB: r = = =
2 2 √2
2 𝑙 2 𝑙 2 2 𝑙2 𝑙2
I = mr2 + mr2 + m(√2𝑙) = m (( ) + ( ) + (√2𝑙) ) = m ( 2 + + 2𝑙 2 ) = 3𝑚𝑙 2
√2 √2 2

8. 2021 March 16 shift 1 Key: 5

𝑉
The resistance R = 𝐼 , where V = (50 ± 2) V and I = (20 ± 0.2) A. The percentage error in R is ‘x’%. The value of ‘x’ to the nearest integer is

Sol. Potential difference across the resistor: V = (50 ± 2) volt

Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

Current through the resistor: I = (20 ± 0.2) amp

𝑉
Resistance of the element: R = 𝐼
∆𝑅 ∆𝑉 ∆𝐼 ∆𝑅 ∆𝑉 ∆𝐼
Apply ln and differentiate: ln R = ln V – ln I → = + → x 100 = x 100 + x 100
𝑅 𝑉 𝐼 𝑅 𝑉 𝐼
∆𝑅 2 0.2
x 100 = 50 x 100 + x 100 = 4 + 1 = 5% [Percentage error in R: x% = 5% (The value of x: 5)]
𝑅 20

9. 2021 March 16 shift 2 Key: 20

A force 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ is applied on an intersection point of x = 2 plane and X axis. The magnitude of torque of this force about a point (2, 3, 4)
is ______ (round off to nearest integer)

Sol. Applied force: 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂

Point of application of force: intersection of x = 2 plane and X axis: (2, 0, 0)
Reference point for finding torque: (2, 3, 4)
Position vector: 𝑟̅ = (2, 0, 0) – (2, 3, 4) = −3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Torque exerted by the force: 𝜏̅ = 𝑟̅ x 𝐹̅ = |0 −3 −4| = 𝑖̂ (−12 + 12) −𝑗̂ (0 + 16) + 𝑘̂ (0 + 12)
4 3 4
Torque exerted by the force: 𝜏̅ = −16 𝑗̂ + 12 𝑘̂
Magnitude of torque: τ = √162 + 122 = √400 = 20 Nm

10. 2021 March 16 shift 2 Key: 3

A solid disc of radius ‘a’ and mass ‘m’ rolls down without slipping on an inclined plane making an angle θ with the horizontal. The acceleration of
2
the disc will be 𝑏 𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 where b is ______ (round off to nearest integer) [g is acceleration duet ot gravity]

Sol. 𝑔 sin 𝜃
Acceleration of an object rolling down an inclined plane: a = 𝑘2
1+ 2
𝑎
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion
1
Moment of inertia of a disc: I = 2 ma2 ---- (1)

Moment of inertia of the disc: I = mk2 ---- (2)

1 𝑘2 1
From (1) & (2): mk2 = 2 ma2 → 𝑎2 = 2
𝑔 sin 𝜃 2 2
Acceleration of the disc: a = 1 = 3 g sin θ = 𝑏 g sin θ (The value of b: 3)
1+
2

11. 2021 March 17 shift 1 Key: 2

A triangular plate is shown. A force 𝐹̅ = 4𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ is applied at point P . The torque of this force at P with respect
to point O and Q are

1. −15 + 20√3, 15 + 20√3 2. −15 − 20√3, 15 − 20√3

3. 15 − 20√3, 15 + 20√3 4. 15 + 20√3, 15 − 20√3

Sol. Force applied on the plate: 𝐹̅ = 4𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ and Distance of P from O: r = 10 cm
Position vector of P w. t. to O: 𝑟̅ = 10 cos 600 𝑖̂ + 10 sin 60 𝑗̂ = 5 𝑖̂ + 5√3 𝑗̂
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Torque about point O: 𝜏̅ = 𝑟̅ × 𝐹 = |5 5√3 0| = 𝑖̂ (0 – 0) −𝑗̂ (0 – 0) + 𝑘̂ (−15 − 20√3) = −15 − 20√3
̅
4 −3 0
Position vector of P w. r. to Q: 𝑟̅ = 10 cos 600 (−𝑖̂) + 10 sin 60 𝑗̂ = −5 𝑖̂ + 5√3 𝑗̂
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Torque about point Q: 𝜏̅ = 𝑟̅ × 𝐹 = |−5 5√3 0| = 𝑖̂ (0 – 0) −𝑗̂ (0 – 0) + 𝑘̂ (15 − 20√3) = 15 − 20√3
̅
4 −3 0
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

12. 2021 March 17 shift 1 Key: 1

A mass M hangs on a massless rod of length 𝑙 which rotates at a constant angular frequency. The mass M moves at a
steady speed in a circular path of constant radius. Assume that the system is in steady circular motion with constant
angular velocity ω. The angular momentum of M about point A is LA which lies in +ve Z direction and the angular
momentum of M about B is LB. The correct statement for this system is

1) LA is constant, both in magnitude and direction

2) LA and LB are both constant in magnitude and direction
3) LB is constant in direction with varying magnitude
4) LB is constant, both in magnitude and direction

Sol. A particle of mass M is moving in circular path (in XY plane) of radius ‘r’ with uniform velocity in clockwise direction
Let the speed of the particle be ‘v’
Angular momentum of the particle about point A: LA = mvr
Angular momentum is an axial vector: LA is along +ve z direction
Angular momentum of the particle about point B: LB = mv (r sin θ)
where θ is the angle between position vector and velocity vector
Direction of angular momentum (LB) is perpendicular to position vector
As the particle rotates in circle, the direction of LB changes continuously

13. 2021 March 17 shift 1 Key: 3

The following bodies “a ring, a disc, a solid cylinder, a solid sphere” of same mass ‘m’ and radius R are allowed to roll down without slipping
simultaneously from the top of the inclined plane. The body which will reach first at the bottom of the inclined plane is
(mark the body as per their respective numbering given in the question)

Sol. Ring, disc, solid cylinder, solid sphere has same mass and radius. Let ‘𝑙’ be the length of the inclined plane and θ be the angle of inclination.
𝑔 sin 𝜃
Acceleration of the rolling object: a = 𝑘2
1+ 2
𝑅
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

𝑘2
2𝑙 2𝑙 (1 + 2 ) 2𝑙 𝑘2
Time taken by the rolling object to reach the bottom: t = =√ 𝑅
= √𝑔 sin 𝜃 √1 + 𝑅2
𝑔 sin 𝜃
√(𝑔 sin 𝜃)
𝑘2
1+ 2
𝑅

2𝑙 2𝑙
Time taken by the ring: t1 = √𝑔 sin 𝜃 √1 + 1 = √𝑔 sin 𝜃 √2

2𝑙 1 2𝑙 3
Time taken by the disc: t2 = √𝑔 sin 𝜃 √1 + 2 = √𝑔 sin 𝜃 √2

2𝑙 1 2𝑙 3
Time taken by the solid cylinder: t3 = √𝑔 sin 𝜃 √1 + 2 = √𝑔 sin 𝜃 √2

2𝑙 2 2𝑙 7
Time taken by the solid sphere: t4 = √𝑔 sin 𝜃 √1 + 5 = √𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 √5 (least value)

14. 2021 March 17 shift 1 Key: 728

The angular speed of truck wheel is increased from 900 rpm to 2460 rpm in 26 seconds. The number of revolutions by the truck engine during this
time is _____ (assume acceleration to be uniform)

Sol. 900
Initial angular speed of the wheel: ω1 = 900 rpm = = 15 rps
60
2460
Final angular speed of the wheel: ω2 = 2460 rpm = = 41 rps
60

Time taken by the wheel: t = 26 sec

𝜔2 − 𝜔1 41−15
Angular acceleration of the truck wheel: 𝛼 = = = 1 revolution/s2
𝑡 26
𝜔2 2 − 𝜔1 2 1681 − 225
Angular displacement of the truck wheel: 𝜃 = = = 728 revolutions
2𝛼 2 (1)

Number of revolutions made by the truck wheel: n = 728

Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

15. 2021 March 17 shift 2 Key: 3

A sphere of mass 2 kg and radius 0.5 m is rolling with an initial speed of 1 m/s goes up an inclined plane
which makes an angle 300 with the horizontal plane, without slipping. How long will the sphere take to return
to the starting point A?

1) 0.60 s 2) 0.80 s 3) 0.57 s 4) 0.52 s

Sol. Mass of the sphere: m = 2 kg; Radius of the sphere: r = 0.5 m

Speed of the sphere: v = 1 m/s
𝑔 sin 𝜃 𝑔 sin 30 5
Acceleration of rolling object on inclined plane: a = 𝑘2
= 2 = 14 𝑔
1+ 2 1+
𝑟 5
5 14
Final velocity of the rolling object: v = u + at = → 1 = 0 + 14 𝑔t → t = 5 × 9.8 = 0.29 sec
Time taken to roll down the inclined plane: t = 0.285 sec
Time taken to roll up the inclined plane: t = 0.285 sec
Time taken by the object to return to starting point A: 2t = 2 x 0.285 = 0.57 sec

16. 2021 March 17 shift 2 Key: 4

A disc of mass M with uniform surface density σ is shown in figure. The centre of
𝑥𝑎 𝑥𝑎
mass of the quarter disc (with shaded area) is at the position 3 𝜋 , 3 𝜋 where 𝑥 is
_____ (a is area shown in figure)

Sol. The diagram shows a quarter disc of mass ‘m’ and radius ‘r’
Consider a circular element of thickness ‘dy’ at a distance ‘y’ from the origin
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion
2𝜋𝑦 𝜋
Area of the element: dA = 4
(𝑑𝑦) = 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑚 𝑚 4𝑚 𝜋 2𝑚
Mass of the element: dm = 𝜎 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 /4 𝑑𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ( 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦) = 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝐴 𝑟2
2𝑦
Position of centre of mass of the element: y = 𝜋
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑚 1 𝑟 2𝑦 2𝑚 4 𝑟
Centre of mass of the disc: ycm = = 𝑚 ∫0 ( 𝑟 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦) = 𝜋𝑟 2 ∫0 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑚 𝜋

4 𝑦3 4 𝑟3 4𝑟
ycm = 𝜋𝑟 2 ( 3 ) [limits: 0 to r] = 𝜋𝑟 2 ( 3 ) = 3𝜋
4𝑎 4𝑎 𝑥𝑎 𝑥𝑎
Position of centre of mass for the given quarter disc: 3 𝜋 , = 3𝜋, (The value of 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 4)
3𝜋 3𝜋

17. 2021 March 18 shift 1 Key: 2

A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R is rotating about its axis with an angular speed ω. Two particles of
mass ‘m’ each are now attached at diametrically opposite points. The angular speed of the ring will become

𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 − 2𝑚 𝑀 + 2𝑚
1) 𝜔 2) 𝜔 3) 𝜔 4) 𝜔
𝑀+𝑚 𝑀 + 2𝑚 𝑀 + 2𝑚 𝑀

Sol. Moment of inertia of the circular ring: I1 = MR2

Angular speed of the circular ring: ω1 = ω
Angular momentum of the circular ring: L1= I1ω = MR2ω
Moment of inertia of circular ring with particles: I2 = MR2 + 2mR2
Let the new angular speed of the system be ω1
New angular momentum of the system: L2 = I2ω1 = (MR2 + 2mR2) ω1
M
Conservation of angular momentum: L1 = L2 → MR2ω = (MR2 + 2mR2) ω1 → ω1 = ω M + 2m
M
New angular speed of the system: ω1 = ω M + 2m
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

18. 2021 March 18 shift 2 Key: 2

A solid cylinder of mass ‘m’ is wrapped with an inextensible light string and is placed on a rough inclined plane as
shown in figure. The frictional force acting between the plane and the cylinder is (coefficient of static friction: μs = 0.4)

𝑚𝑔 7
1) 0 2) 3) 5mg 4) 2 𝑚𝑔
5

Sol. Limiting friction between the cylinder and the inclined plane:
𝑚𝑔
𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝜇𝑁 = 𝜇𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 0.4 x mg x cos 600 = 5

Translational equilibrium of the cylinder: mg sin θ = T + f ---- (1)

Rotational equilibrium of the cylinder: TR – fR = 0 → 𝑇𝑅 = 𝑓𝑅 → 𝑇 = 𝑓 ---- (2)
1 √3
From (1) & (2): mg sin θ = 2𝑓 → 𝑓 = 2 𝑚𝑔 sin 60 = mg
4

19. 2021 March 18 shift 2 Key: 3

Consider a uniform wire of mass M and length L. It is bent into a semi-circle. Its moment of inertia
about a line perpendicular to the plane of the wire passing through the centre is

1 𝑀𝐿2 2 𝑀𝐿2 𝑀𝐿2 1 𝑀𝐿2

1) 4 2) 5 3) 4) 2
𝜋2 𝜋2 𝜋2 𝜋2

Sol. 𝐿
Mass of the wire: M; Length of the wire: L; Radius of the semi-circle: r = 𝜋
Consider an element of length ‘d𝑙’ subtending an angle ‘θ’ with vertical as shown in figure
𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝐿 𝑀
Mass of the element: dm = 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑟 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝜃
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 𝜋 𝜋
𝑀 𝑀 𝐿2
Moment of inertia of the element: dI = dm r2 = 𝑑𝜃 r2 = 𝑑𝜃
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋2
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

𝑀𝐿2 𝜋/2 𝑀𝐿2

Moment of inertia of the semi-circle: I = ∫ 𝑑𝐼 = ∫−𝜋/2 𝑑𝜃 = (𝜃) [limits: −𝜋/2 to 𝜋/2]
𝜋3 𝜋3
𝑀𝐿2
Moment of inertia of the semi-circle: I = 𝜋2

20. 2021 July 20 shift 1 Key: 2

A circular disc reaches from top to bottom of an inclined plane of length L. When it slips down the plane, it takes time t1. When it rolls down the
𝑡 3
plane, it takes time t2. The value of 𝑡2 is √𝑥. The value of 𝑥 is
1

Sol. Length of the inclined plane: L

2𝐿
Time taken to slip down the inclined plane: t1 = √𝑔 sin 𝜃

𝐾2 1
2𝐿 (1 + 2 ) 2𝐿 (1 + ) 3 2𝐿
Time taken to roll down the inclined plane: t2 = √ 𝑅
=√ 2
= √2 √𝑔 sin 𝜃
𝑔 sin 𝜃 𝑔 sin 𝜃

𝑡 3 3
Ratio of time taken: 𝑡2 = √2 = √𝑥 → 𝑥 = 2
1

21. 2021 July 20 shift 1 Key: 4

A rod of mass M and length L is lying on a horizontal frictionless surface. A particle of mass ‘m’ travelling along the
surface hits at one end of the rod with a velocity ‘u’ in a direction perpendicular to the rod. The collision is completely
𝑚 1
elastic. After the collision, the particle comes to rest. The ratio of masses 𝑀 is 𝑥. The value of 𝑥 is

Sol. Conservation of linear momentum: m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2 → mu + M(0) = m (0) + MV → mu = MV
𝐿 𝑀𝐿2 6𝑚𝑢
Conservation of angular momentum about centre of the rod: mvr + 0 = 0 + Iω → mu = ω→ω=
2 12 𝑀𝐿
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Conservation of kinetic energy: 2 𝑚𝑢 + 0 = 0 + 2 𝐼𝜔 + 2 𝑀𝑉 → 2 𝑚𝑢 = 2 𝐼𝜔 + 2 𝑀𝑉
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

𝑀𝐿2 36𝑚2 𝑢2 𝑚2 𝑢 2 3𝑚 𝑚 4𝑚
𝑚𝑢2 = 12 𝑀2 𝐿2
+M 𝑀2
→1= 𝑀
+𝑀= 𝑀
𝑚 1 1
Ratio of masses: 𝑀 = 4 = 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 4

22. 2021 July 20 shift 2 Key: 2

A body rolls down an inclined plane without slipping. The kinetic energy of rotation is 50% of its translational kinetic energy. The body is

1) solid sphere 2) solid cylinder 3) hollow cylinder 4) ring

Sol. A body is rolling down an inclined plane without slipping

1
Translational kinetic energy of the body: 𝑘𝑡𝑟 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2
1 1
Rotational kinetic energy of the body: 𝑘𝑟𝑜𝑡 = 2 𝐼𝜔2 = 2 𝑚𝑘 2 𝜔2 where k is radius of gyration
1 1 11
Given: 𝑘𝑟𝑜𝑡 = 2 𝑘𝑡𝑟 → 2 𝑚𝑘 2 𝜔2 = 2 2 𝑚𝑣 2

For pure rolling, 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔

1 11 1 11 𝑘2 1
𝑚𝑘 2 𝜔2 = 2 2 𝑚(𝑟𝜔)2 → 2 𝑚𝑘 2 𝜔2 = 2 2 𝑚𝑟 2 𝜔2 → 𝑟 2 = 2 (So, the object is solid cylinder)
2

23. 2021 July 20 shift 2 Key: 3

Two bodies, a ring and a solid cylinder of same material are rolling down without slipping on inclined plane. The radii of the bodies are same. The
√𝑥
ratio of velocity of the centre of mass at the bottom of the inclined plane of the ring to that of the cylinder is . Then, the value of 𝑥 is _____
2

Sol. Ring and solid cylinder are rolling on the inclined plane
Radius of the ring = radius of the solid cylinder
2𝑔ℎ
Velocity of centre of mass at the bottom of the inclined plane: v = √ 𝐾2
1+ 2
𝑅
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

2𝑔ℎ 2𝑔ℎ
For circular ring: v1 = √ 𝐾2
= √1 +1 = √𝑔ℎ
1+ 2
𝑅

2𝑔ℎ 2𝑔ℎ 4 2
For solid cylinder: v2 = √ 𝐾2
=√ 1 = √3 𝑔ℎ = √𝑔ℎ
1+ 2 1+ √3
𝑅 2

𝑣 √𝑔ℎ √3 √𝑥
Ratio of speed of ring to solid cylinder: 𝑣1 = 2 = = →𝑥=3
2 √𝑔ℎ 2 2
√3

24. 2021 July 20 shift 2 Key: 200

A body rotating with an angular speed of 600 rpm is uniformly accelerated to 1800 rpm in 10 sec. The number of rotations made in the process is

Sol. 2𝜋
Initial angular speed of the body: ω1 = 600 rpm = 600 x 60 = 20𝜋 rad/s
2𝜋
Final angular speed of the body: ω2 = 1800 rpm = 1800 x 60 = 60𝜋 rad/s
Time taken by the rotating body: t = 10 sec
∆𝜔 60𝜋 − 20𝜋
Angular acceleration of the body: α = = = 4𝜋 rad/s2
𝑡 10
𝜔2 2 − 𝜔1 2 3600𝜋 2 − 400𝜋2
Angular displacement of the body: θ = = = 400𝜋 rad
2𝛼 2 × 4𝜋
𝜃 400𝜋
Number of rotations made by the object: n = 2𝜋 = = 200
2𝜋

25. 2021 July 22 shift 2 Key: 1

Consider the situation in which a ring, a solid cylinder and a solid sphere roll down on the same inclined plane without slipping. Assume that they
start rolling from rest and have identical diameters

The correct statement for this situation is

1) The sphere has the greatest and the ring has the least velocity of center of mass at the bottom of the inclined plane
2) The ring has the greatest and the cylinder has the least velocity of centre of mass at the bottom of the inclined plane
3) All of them have same velocity
4) The cylinder has the greatest and the sphere has the least velocity of centre of mass at the bottom of inclined plane
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

Sol. 2𝑔ℎ
Linear velocity of centre of mass of a rolling object at the bottom of the rough inclined plane: v = √ 𝑘2
1+ 2
𝑅

2𝑔ℎ
For circular ring: vr = √1 +1 = √𝑔ℎ

2𝑔ℎ 4
For solid cylinder: vsc = √ 1 = √3 𝑔ℎ
1+
2

2𝑔ℎ 10
For solid sphere: vss = √ 2 = √ 7 𝑔ℎ
1+
5

26. 2021 July 22 shift 2 Key: 2

The position of the centre of mass of a uniform semi-circular wire of radius R placed in XY plane with its
𝑥𝑅
centre at the origin and the line joining its ends as X axis is given by (0, ). The value of |𝑥| is
𝜋

Sol. The figure below represents the given semi-circular ring of radius R in XY plane. Let ‘m’ be the mass of the ring.
𝑚 𝑚
Linear density of the material: λ = = 𝜋𝑅
𝑙

Consider an element of length ‘d𝑙’ at an angle 𝜃 with vertical (Y axis).

𝑚 𝑚
Mass of the element: dm = λ d𝑙 = 𝜋𝑅 (R d𝜃) = 𝑑𝜃
𝜋

Position of centre of mass of the element: y = R cos θ

∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑚 1
Position of centre of mass of the semi-circular ring: ycm = = 𝑚 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑚
∫ 𝑑𝑚
1 𝜋/2 𝑚 𝑅 𝜋/2 𝑅
ycm = 𝑚 ∫−𝜋/2 𝑅 cos 𝜃 𝜋 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜋 ∫−𝜋/2 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜋 [sin θ] [limits: −900 to 900]
𝑅 2𝑅 𝑥𝑅 2𝑅
ycm = 𝜋 [sin 90 – (sin(−90)) = [Position of centre of mass of the semi-circular ring: ycm = = → 𝑥 = 2]
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

27. 2021 July 22 shift 2 Key: 2

The centre of a wheel rolling on a plane surface moves with a speed v0. A particle on the rim of the wheel at the same level as the centre will be
moving at a speed of √𝑥 v0. Then the value of 𝑥 is

Sol. Velocity of centre of mass of the wheel: v0

𝜃
Velocity of any particle on the rim of the wheel: v = 2v0 sin ( 2)

For a point on the rim of the wheel at same level as that of centre: 𝜃 = 900
1
Velocity of the particle: v = 2v0 sin (90/2) = 2v0 sin 450 = 2v0 ( ) = √2v0
√2

Velocity of the particle: v = √𝑥v0 = √2v0 → 𝑥 = 2

28. 2021 July 25 shift 1 Key: 2

Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled Reason R
Assertion A: Moment of inertia of a circular disc of mass M and radius R about X, Y axes (passing through its plane) and Z axis which is
perpendicular to its plane were found to be IX, IY and IZ respectively. The respective radii of gyration about all the three axes will be the same
Reason R: A rigid body making rotational motion has fixed mass and shape.

In the light of above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

1) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation for A 2) A is not correct but R is correct
3) A is correct but R is not correct 4) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation for A

Sol. The circular disc is in XY plane

𝑀𝑅 2 𝑅
MI of circular disc about Z axis: Iz = = M𝐾𝑧 2 → 𝐾𝑧 =
2 √2
𝑀𝑅 2 𝑅
MI of circular disc about X axis: Ix = = M𝐾𝑋 2 → 𝐾𝑋 = 2
4
𝑀𝑅 2 𝑅
MI of circular disc about X axis: IY = = M𝐾𝑌 2 → 𝐾𝑌 = 2
4
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

29. 2021 July 25 shift 1 Key: 10

A particle of mass ‘m’ is moving in time ‘t’ on a trajectory given by 𝑟̅ = 10α𝑡 2 𝑖̂ + 5𝛽(𝑡 − 5)𝑗̂ where α and β are dimensional constants.
The angular momentum of the particle becomes the same as it was for t = 0 at time t = _____ sec

Sol. Position vector of the particle: 𝑟̅ = 10α𝑡 2 𝑖̂ + 5𝛽(𝑡 − 5)𝑗̂

Position vector of the particle at t = 0: 𝑟̅ (0) = 5𝛽(0 − 5)𝑗̂ = −25𝛽 𝑗̂
𝑑
Velocity of the particle: 𝑣̅ = (𝑟̅) = 20αt 𝑖̂ + 5𝛽 𝑗̂
𝑑𝑡
Velocity of the particle at t = 0: 𝑣̅ (0) = 0 + 5𝛽 𝑗̂ = 5𝛽 𝑗̂
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Angular momentum of the particle at t = 0: 𝐿̅(0) = 𝑚(𝑟̅ (0) × 𝑣̅ (0)) = m |0 −25𝛽 0| = m [𝑖̂(0 − 0) − 𝑗̂(0 − 0) + 𝑘̂(0 − 0)] = 0
0 5𝛽 0
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Angular momentum of the particle: 𝐿̅ = m (𝑟̅ × 𝑣̅ ) = m |10𝛼𝑡 2 5𝛽(𝑡 − 5) 0|
20𝛼𝑡 5𝛽 0
̅𝐿 = m [𝑖̂(0 − 0) − 𝑗̂(0 − 0) + 𝑘̂ (50𝛼𝛽𝑡 2 − 100𝛼𝛽𝑡(𝑡 − 5)] = 0 → 50𝛼𝛽𝑡 2 − 100𝛼𝛽𝑡(𝑡 − 5) = 0

50𝛼𝛽𝑡 2 = 100𝛼𝛽𝑡(𝑡 − 5) → t = 2 (t – 5) → t = 2t – 10 → t = 10 sec

30. 2021 July 25 shift 2 Key: 4

A solid disc of radius 20 cm and mass 10 kg is rotating with an angular velocity of 600 rpm about an axis normal to its circular plane and passing
through its centre of mass. The retarding torque required to bring the disc to rest in 10 sec is _____ 𝜋 x 10−1 Nm

Sol. Radius of the solid disc: r = 20 cm = 0.2 m and Mass of the solid disc: m = 10 kg
1
Moment of inertia of the disc: I = 2 𝑚𝑟 2 = 0.5 x 10 x 0.04 = 0.2 kgm2
2𝜋
Initial angular velocity of the disc: ω1 = 600 rpm = 600 x 60 = 20𝜋 rad/s

Final angular velocity of the disc: ω2 = 0 rad/s

Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

Time taken to come to rest: t = 10 sec

𝜔2 − 𝜔1 20𝜋 − 0
Retarding torque on the disc: τ = Iα = I ( ) = 0.2 ( ) = 0.4𝜋 = 4𝜋 x 10−1 Nm
𝑡 10

31. 2021 July 27 shift 1 Key: 3

List I List II

(a) MI of a rod of length L, mass M about an axis perpendicular to the rod and passing through midpoint 8𝑀𝐿2
(i) 3
(b) MI of a rod of length L, mass 2M about an axis perpendicular to the rod and passing through one end
𝑀𝐿2
(ii) 3
(c) MI of a rod of length 2L, mass M about an axis perpendicular to the rod and passing through midpoint
𝑀𝐿2
(d) MI of a rod of length 2L, mass 2M about an axis perpendicular to the rod and passing through one end (iii) 12

2𝑀𝐿2
(iv) 3

1) (a) – (ii), (b) – (iii), (c) – (i), (d) – (iv) 2) (a) – (ii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iii), (d) – (iv)
3) (a) – (iii), (b) – (iv), (c) – (ii), (d) – (i) 4) (a) – (iii), (b) – (iv), (c) – (i), (d) – (ii)
Sol. 𝑀𝐿2
MI of rod of length L, mass M, about natural axis: I = 12

2𝑀𝐿2 𝐿 2 2𝑀𝐿2 2𝑀𝐿2 2𝑀𝐿2

MI of rod of length L, mass 2M, about one end: I = + 2M (2) = + =
12 12 4 3
𝑀(2𝐿)2 𝑀𝐿2
MI of rod of length 2L, mass M, about natural axis: I = =
12 3

2𝑀(2𝐿)2 2𝐿 2 8𝑀𝐿2
MI of rod of length 2L, mass 2M, about one end: I = + 2M ( 2 ) =
12 3
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

32. 2021 July 27 shift 1 Key: 4

The figure shows two solid discs with radii R and ‘r’ respectively. If mass per unit area is same for both, what is the
ratio of MI of the bigger disc about the axis AB (which is perpendicular to the plane of the disc and passing
through centre) to MI of smaller disc about one of its diameters lying in its plane?
(given M is mass of the larger disc, MI stands for moment of inertia)

1) R2 : r2 2) 2r4 : R4 3) 2R2 : r2 4) 2R4 : r4

Sol. Mass of the larger disc: M and Area of the larger disc: A = 𝜋𝑅 2
𝑀 𝑀
Surface density (mass per unit area) of the larger disc: σ = = 𝜋𝑅2
𝐴
𝑀 𝑟2
Mass of the smaller disc: m = 𝜎𝑎 = 𝜋𝑅2 (𝜋𝑟 2 ) = M 𝑅2
𝑀𝑅 2 𝑚𝑟 2 𝑟2 𝑟2 𝑟4
MI of larger disc: IAB = and MI of smaller disc: ICD = = M 𝑅2 = M 4𝑅2
2 4 4
𝐼 (𝑀𝑅 2 /2)
Ratio of moments of inertia: 𝐼𝐴𝐵 = (𝑀𝑟 4/4𝑅2) = 2R4 : r4
𝐶𝐷

33. 2021 July 27 shift 2 Key: 9

In the given figure, two wheels P and Q are connected by a belt B. The radius of P is 3 times that of Q. In
𝐼
case of same rotational kinetic energy, the ratio of rotational inertias 𝐼1 will be 𝑥 : 1. The value of 𝑥 will
2
be _____

Sol. Radius of Q: R and Radius of P: 3R

𝜔
Since the belt does not slip, the linear velocities of points of contact remains same: vp = vQ → 3R𝜔𝑃 = R𝜔𝑄 → 𝜔𝑄 = 3
𝑃
1 1 𝐼 𝜔 2
Rotational kinetic energy of the wheels is same: kP = kQ → 2 𝐼𝑃 𝜔𝑃 2 = 2 𝐼𝑄 𝜔𝑄 2 → 𝐼𝑃 = (𝜔𝑄 ) = 32 = 9
𝑄 𝑃
𝐼1
Ratio of rotational inertias 𝐼 = 9 : 1 = 𝑥 : 1 (The value of 𝑥 is 9)
2
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

34. 2021 August 26 shift 1 Key: 52

Consider a badminton racquet with length scales as shown in figure. If the mass of the linear and circular
portions of the racquet are same (M) and the mass of the threads is negligible, the moment of inertia of
𝑟
the racquet about an axis perpendicular to the handle and in the plane of the ring at 2 distance from the
end A of the handle will be ____ Mr2

Sol. 𝑚𝑙2
Moment of inertia of the linear part: I1 = I0 + md2 = + 𝑚𝑑 2
12
𝑀(6𝑟)2 5𝑟 2 25 37
I1 = + 𝑀 ( 2 ) = 3Mr2 + Mr2 = Mr2
12 4 4
𝑚𝑅 2
Moment of inertia of the circular portion: I2 = I0 + md2 = + 𝑚𝑑 2
2
𝑀(𝑟)2 13𝑟 2 𝑀𝑟 2 169 171
I2 = +𝑀( ) = + Mr2 = Mr2
2 2 2 4 4
37 171 208
Total moment of inertia of the racquet: I = I1 + I2 = Mr2 + Mr2 = Mr2 = 52 Mr2
4 4 4

35. 2021 August 26 shift 2 Key: 4

A solid cylinder of length 80 cm and mass M has a radius of 20 cm. Calculate the density of the material used, if
the moment of inertia of the cylinder about an axis CD parallel to AB as shown in figure is 2.7 kgm2

1) 14.9 kg/m3 2) 7.5 x 101 kg/m3 3) 7.5 x 102 kg/m3 4) 1.49 x 102 kg/m3

Sol. 𝑀𝑅 2
Moment of inertia of cylinder about natural axis: I0 = 2
𝑀𝑅 2 𝑀𝐿2 𝑅2 𝐿2
Moment of inertia of cylinder about parallel axis: I = I0 + Md2 = + = M ( 2 + 4)
2 4
0.04 0.64 2.7 2.7
2.7 = M ( 2
+ 4
) → M = 0.02 + 0.16 = 0.18 = 15 kg

Mass of the cylinder: M = 15 kg; Volume of the cylinder: V = 𝜋𝑅 2 𝐿 = 3.14 x 0.04 x 0.8 = 0.10048 m2
𝑀 15
Density of material: ρ = = 0.10048 = 1.49 x 102 kg/m3
𝑉
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

36. 2021 August 27 shift 1 Key: 4

Moment of inertia of a square plate of side 𝑙 about the axis passing through one of the corners and
perpendicular to the plane of the square plate is given by

𝑀𝑙2 𝑀𝑙2 2𝑀𝑙2

1) 2) 𝑀𝑙 2 3) 4)
6 12 3

Sol. 𝑀𝑙2
Moment of inertia of square plate about natural axis: I0 = 6

Natural axis is the axis passing through the center and perpendicular to the plane of the plate
Given axis of rotation: perpendicular to the plane and passing through one end
Parallel axis theorem: I = I0 + Md2
1 𝑙
here, d is the perpendicular distance between the axes: d = 2 (√2𝑙) =
√2
𝑀𝑙2 𝑙2 𝑙2 1 4 2𝑀𝑙2
I= +M =M (3 + 1) = 6 M𝑙 2 =
6 2 2 3

37. 2021 August 27 shift 2 Key: 3

Two discs have moments of inertia I1 and I2 about their respective axes perpendicular to the plane and passing through the centre. They are
rotating with angular speeds ω1 and ω2 respectively and are brought into contact face to face with their axes of rotation coaxial. The loss in kinetic
energy of the system in the process is given by

𝐼1 𝐼2 (𝐼1 − 𝐼2 )2 𝜔1 𝜔2 𝐼 𝐼 (𝜔1 − 𝜔2 )2
1) 𝐼 (𝜔1 − 𝜔2 )2 2) 3) 2(𝐼 1+2 𝐼 ) (𝜔1 − 𝜔2 )2 4)
1 + 𝐼2 2(𝐼1 + 𝐼2 ) 1 2 2(𝐼1 + 𝐼2 )

Sol. Moments of inertia of the two discs: I1 and I2

Angular speeds of the two discs: ω1 and ω2
1 1
Initial kinetic energy of the system: ki = 2 I1 𝜔1 2 + 2 I2 𝜔2 2
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

Let the discs attain a common velocity ω

Conservation of angular momentum: Li = Lf → I1ω1 + I2 ω2 = (I1 + I2) ω
𝐼1 𝜔1 + 𝐼2 𝜔2
Common angular velocity of the system: ω = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2

1 1 𝐼 𝜔1 + 𝐼2 𝜔2 2 1 (𝐼1 𝜔1 + 𝐼2 𝜔2 )2
Final kinetic energy of the system: kf = 2 (I1 + I2) ω2 = 2 (I1 + I2) ( 1 ) =2
𝐼1 + 𝐼2 𝐼1 + 𝐼2

1 1 1 (𝐼1 𝜔1 + 𝐼2 𝜔2 )2 𝐼 𝐼
Loss in kinetic energy of the system: ∆k = ki – kf = 2 I1 𝜔1 2 + 2 I2 𝜔2 2 − 2 = 2(𝐼 1+2 𝐼 ) (𝜔1 − 𝜔2 )2
𝐼1 + 𝐼2 1 2

38. 2021 August 31 shift 1 Key: 2

Angular momentum of a single particle moving with constant speed along circular path

1) changes in magnitude but remains same in direction

2) remains same in magnitude and direction
3) remains same in magnitude but changes in direction
4) is zero

Sol. Angular momentum of a particle: 𝐿̅ = 𝑟̅ × 𝑃̅

Magnitude of angular momentum: L = rP sin θ = mvr sin θ [Where θ is the angle between position vector and velocity vector]
For a particle moving in circular path: θ = 900
Angular momentum of particle moving in circular path: L = mvr sin 900 = mvr (constant)
Direction of angular momentum: perpendicular to plane of the circle along the axis of rotation

39. 2021 August 31 shift 2 Key: 3

A system consists of two identical spheres each of mass 1.5 kg and radius 50 cm at the end of light rod. The distance between the centres of the
two spheres is 5 m. What will be the moment of inertia of the system about an axis perpendicular to the rod passing through its midpoint?

1) 18.75 kgm2 2) 1.905 x 105 kgm2 3) 19.05 kgm2 4) 1.875 x 105 kgm2
Jee main – 2021: System of particles & rotational motion

Sol. Mass of each sphere: m1 = m2 = m = 1.5 kg

Radius of each sphere: R1 = R2 = R = 50 cm = 0.5 m
Separation between the centres of the spheres: r = 5 m
Moment of inertia of the system about an axis passing through midpoint: I = 2 (I0 + md2)
2 𝑟 2 2 5 2
I = 2 (5 𝑚𝑅 2 + 𝑚 (2) ) = 2 (5 (1.5)(0.5)2 + 1.5 (2) ) = 2 (0.15 + 9.375) = 19.05 kgm2

40. 2021 September 1 shift 2 Key: 6

A 2 kg steel rod of length 0.6 m is clamped on a table vertically at its lower end and is free to rotate in vertical
plane. The upper end is pushed so that the rod falls under gravity. Ignoring friction due to clamping at the lower
end, the speed of the free end of the rod when it passes through its lowest position is _____ m/s (take g = 10 m/s2)

Sol. 𝑙 𝑙
Initial mechanical energy of the rod: Ei = Ui + ki = mg + 0 = mg
2 2
1 1 𝑚𝑙2 𝑙
Instantaneous mechanical energy of the rod: Ef = 2 𝐼𝜔2 + 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 2 ( ) 𝜔2 + 𝑚𝑔 2 cos 𝜃
3
𝑙 1 𝑚𝑙2 𝑙
Conservation of mechanical energy: Ei = Ef → mg = 2( ) 𝜔2 + 𝑚𝑔 2 cos 𝜃
2 3
𝑙 1 3𝑔
mg (1 – cos 𝜃) = 𝑚𝑙 2 𝜔2 → (1 – cos θ) = 𝜔2
2 6 𝑙

3𝑔
Instantaneous angular velocity of the rod: 𝜔 = √ (1 − cos 𝜃)
𝑙

3𝑔
Instantaneous linear speed of the free end: v = 𝑙𝜔 = 𝑙 √ (1 − cos 𝜃) = √3𝑔𝑙(1 − cos 𝜃)
𝑙

When the rod passes through the lowest point (θ = 1800): v = √3𝑔𝑙(1 − cos 180) = √6𝑔𝑙 = √6(10)(0.6) = 6 m/s