Present Simple

 Assertive: The book is read (by the students).

 Negative: The book is not read (by the students).
 Interrogative: Is the book read (by the students)?
 Negative Interrogative: Isn't the book read (by the students)?

Past Simple

 Assertive: The book was read (by the students).

 Negative: The book was not read (by the students).
 Interrogative: Was the book read (by the students)?
 Negative Interrogative: Wasn't the book read (by the students)?

Future Simple

 Assertive: The book will be read (by the students).

 Negative: The book will not be read (by the students).
 Interrogative: Will the book be read (by the students)?
 Negative Interrogative: Won't the book be read (by the students)?

Present Continuous

 Assertive: The book is being read (by the students).

 Negative: The book is not being read (by the students).
 Interrogative: Is the book being read (by the students)?
 Negative Interrogative: Isn't the book being read (by the students)?

Past Continuous

 Assertive: The book was being read (by the students).

 Negative: The book was not being read (by the students).
 Interrogative: Was the book being read (by the students)?
 Negative Interrogative: Wasn't the book being read (by the students)?

Present Perfect

 Assertive: The book has been read (by the students).

 Negative: The book has not been read (by the students).
 Interrogative: Has the book been read (by the students)?
 Negative Interrogative: Hasn't the book been read (by the students)?

Past Perfect

 Assertive: The book had been read (by the students).

  Negative: The book had not been read (by the students).
 Interrogative: Had the book been read (by the students)?
 Negative Interrogative: Hadn't the book been read (by the students)?

Future Perfect

 Assertive: The book will have been read (by the students).
 Negative: The book will not have been read (by the students).
 Interrogative: Will the book have been read (by the students)?
 Negative Interrogative: Won't the book have been read (by the students)?

Sure! Here’s a breakdown of the differences between Present Continuous tense in active voice
and Present Indefinite tense in passive voice:

Present Continuous Tense (Active Voice)

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing + (object).

 Example: She is reading a book.

Key Points:

 Focuses on an action currently happening.

 The subject performs the action actively.

Present Indefinite Tense (Passive Voice)

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + past participle + (by + agent).

 Example: A book is read (by her).

Key Points:

 Focuses on a general action or a habitual action.

 The subject receives the action rather than performing it.

Summary of Differences:

1. Focus:
oPresent Continuous (Active): Ongoing action (what someone is doing right now).
oPresent Indefinite (Passive): General or habitual action (what happens regularly).
2. Subject Role:
o Present Continuous: The subject is the doer of the action.
 oPresent Indefinite: The subject is the receiver of the action.
3. Time Reference:
o Present Continuous: Refers to the present moment.
o Present Indefinite: Can refer to present habits, truths, or routines.

Certainly! Here’s a breakdown of the differences between Present Continuous tense in active
voice and Present Continuous tense in passive voice:

Present Continuous Tense (Active Voice)

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing + (object).

 Example: She is reading a book.

Key Points:

 Focus: The action is currently happening.

 Subject Role: The subject (she) is the doer of the action (reading).
 Emphasis: Highlights what the subject is actively doing.

Present Continuous Tense (Passive Voice)

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + being + past participle + (by + agent).

 Example: A book is being read (by her).

Key Points:

 Focus: The action is ongoing, but the emphasis is on the action itself rather than who is
performing it.
 Subject Role: The subject (a book) receives the action (being read).
 Emphasis: Highlights what is happening to the subject rather than who is doing it.

Summary of Differences:

1. Focus:
o Active Voice: Emphasizes the doer of the action.
o Passive Voice: Emphasizes the action and the recipient.
2. Subject Role:
o Active Voice: The subject performs the action.
o Passive Voice: The subject receives the action.
3. Structure:
o Active Voice: Uses the base form of the main verb + -ing.
o Passive Voice: Uses "being" + past participle of the main verb.

If you have more questions or need additional examples, feel free to ask!
Certainly! Here’s a breakdown of the differences between Present Perfect tense in active voice
and Present Perfect tense in passive voice:

Present Perfect Tense (Active Voice)

Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle + (object).

 Example: She has read the book.

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates an action that has been completed at some point in the past but has
relevance to the present.
 Subject Role: The subject (she) is the doer of the action (reading).
 Emphasis: Highlights the action performed by the subject.

Present Perfect Tense (Passive Voice)

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + past participle + (by + agent).

 Example: The book has been read (by her).

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates that the action has been completed with relevance to the present, but the
emphasis is on the action itself rather than who performed it.
 Subject Role: The subject (the book) receives the action (being read).
 Emphasis: Highlights the action and its completion, rather than who did it.

Summary of Differences:

1. Focus:
o Active Voice: Emphasizes the doer of the action.
o Passive Voice: Emphasizes the action and the recipient.
2. Subject Role:
o Active Voice: The subject performs the action.
o Passive Voice: The subject receives the action.
3. Structure:
o Active Voice: Uses "has/have" + past participle of the main verb.
o Passive Voice: Uses "has/have been" + past participle of the main verb.

Certainly! Here’s a comparison between Present Perfect Continuous tense in active voice and
Present Perfect tense in passive voice:

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Active Voice)

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + verb-ing + (object).

 Example: She has been reading the book.

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates an action that started in the past and has continued up to the present,
often highlighting duration.
 Subject Role: The subject (she) is the doer of the action (reading).
 Emphasis: Highlights the ongoing nature of the action and its duration.

Present Perfect Tense (Passive Voice)

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + past participle + (by + agent).

 Example: The book has been read (by her).

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates that an action has been completed at some point in the past but is
relevant to the present.
 Subject Role: The subject (the book) receives the action (being read).
 Emphasis: Highlights the completion of the action rather than its ongoing nature.

Summary of Differences:

1. Focus:
o Present Perfect Continuous (Active): Emphasizes the ongoing action and its
duration.
o Present Perfect (Passive): Emphasizes the completed action and its relevance.
2. Subject Role:
o Active Voice: The subject performs the action.
o Passive Voice: The subject receives the action.
3. Structure:
o Present Perfect Continuous: Uses "has/have been" + verb-ing.
o Present Perfect (Passive): Uses "has/have been" + past participle.

If you need more clarification or examples, feel free to ask!

ure! Here’s a comparison between Present Perfect Continuous tense in passive voice and Present
Perfect tense in passive voice:

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Passive Voice)

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + being + past participle + (by + agent).

  Example: The project has been being completed (by the team).

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates that an action has been ongoing and is relevant to the present.
 Subject Role: The subject (the project) receives the action.
 Emphasis: Highlights the ongoing nature of the action and its continuation up to now.

Present Perfect Tense (Passive Voice)

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + past participle + (by + agent).

 Example: The project has been completed (by the team).

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates that an action has been completed at some point in the past, with
relevance to the present.
 Subject Role: The subject (the project) receives the action.
 Emphasis: Highlights the completion of the action rather than its ongoing nature.

Summary of Differences:

1. Focus:
o Present Perfect Continuous (Passive): Emphasizes the ongoing action that has
relevance to the present.
o Present Perfect (Passive): Emphasizes the completed action and its relevance.
2. Action Aspect:
o Present Perfect Continuous: Suggests that the action has been happening over a
period of time.
o Present Perfect: Indicates that the action is completed.
3. Structure:
o Present Perfect Continuous (Passive): Uses "has/have been being" + past
participle.
o Present Perfect (Passive): Uses "has/have been" + past participle.

If you have any further questions or need more examples, feel free to ask!

Certainly! Here’s a comparison among Present Indefinite tense in active and passive voice, and
Present Continuous tense in active and passive voice:

1. Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice)

Structure: Subject + base form of the verb + (object).

 Example: She reads the book.

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates habitual actions or general truths.

 Subject Role: The subject (she) performs the action (reads).

2. Present Indefinite Tense (Passive Voice)

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + past participle + (by + agent).

 Example: The book is read (by her).

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates that an action occurs, emphasizing the action itself rather than who
performs it.
 Subject Role: The subject (the book) receives the action (is read).

3. Present Continuous Tense (Active Voice)

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing + (object).

 Example: She is reading the book.

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates an action that is currently happening.

 Subject Role: The subject (she) is actively doing the action (reading).

4. Present Continuous Tense (Passive Voice)

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + being + past participle + (by + agent).

 Example: The book is being read (by her).

Key Points:

 Focus: Indicates that an action is currently happening, but emphasizes the action rather
than the doer.
 Subject Role: The subject (the book) receives the action (is being read).

Summary of Differences:
 Present Present
Present Indefinite Present Continuous
Aspect Indefinite Continuous
(Passive) (Passive)
(Active) (Active)
Habitual actions
Focus The action itself Ongoing actions Ongoing actions
or truths
Subject Subject performs Subject receives the Subject performs Subject receives the
Role the action action the action action
Subject + base Subject + is/am/are Subject + is/am/are Subject + is/am/are +
Structure
verb + past participle + verb-ing being + past participle

If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask!

Here's a table comparing the Present Indefinite Tense and Present Continuous Tense in both
active and passive voices:

Tense Structure Example Focus

Present Indefinite Subject + verb (base Focus on the subject's
She writes a letter.
(Active Voice) form/verb + s/es) regular or general action.
Present Indefinite Object + is/am/are + past A letter is written Focus on the object
(Passive Voice) participle (verb) by her. receiving the action.
Present Continuous Subject + is/am/are + verb She is writing a Focus on an action
(Active Voice) (-ing) letter. happening right now.
Present Continuous Object + is/am/are + being A letter is being Focus on the ongoing action
(Passive Voice) + past participle (verb) written by her. being done to the object.

Key Differences:

 Active Voice: Focuses on who is doing the action.

 Passive Voice: Focuses on the object of the action (what the action is done to).
 Present Indefinite: Refers to habitual actions, general truths, or facts.
 Present Continuous: Refers to actions that are happening right now.

Let me know if you'd like more information!

Here’s a breakdown of the present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense in both
active and passive voices, along with examples to help distinguish the differences:

1. Present Perfect Tense (Active Voice)

 Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle (verb)

 Usage: Describes an action that has been completed at some point before now, but the
exact time isn't specified, often focusing on the result of the action.

Example:
 o Active: "She has written a letter."
 Focus on the result: She completed the letter.

2. Present Perfect Tense (Passive Voice)

 Structure: Object + has/have + been + past participle (verb)

 Usage: Focuses on the object that the action has been performed on, rather than the doer
of the action.

Example:

o Passive: "A letter has been written by her."

 Focus on the letter (object), not the person writing it.

3. Present Perfect Continuous (Active Voice)

 Structure: Subject + has/have + been + verb (present participle: -ing)

 Usage: Describes an action that started in the past and is still continuing or has recently
stopped, often focusing on the duration of the action.

Example:

o Active: "She has been writing a letter."

 Focus on the ongoing nature or duration of the action.

4. Present Perfect Continuous (Passive Voice)

 Structure: Object + has/have + been + being + past participle (verb)

 Usage: Used to describe an ongoing action performed on an object, although it's rarely
used in everyday English due to its awkward structure.

Example:

o Passive: "A letter has been being written by her."

 Focus on the ongoing process of writing the letter.

Summary:

 Active voice focuses on who is doing the action.

 Passive voice focuses on what is being acted upon.
 Present perfect (both active and passive) indicates a completed action with relevance to
the present.
 Present perfect continuous indicates an ongoing or recently finished action, focusing on
its duration or continuity.
Let me know if you’d like more examples or a deeper explanation of any of these!

Here's a table showing the differences between Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect
Continuous Tense in both active and passive voices:

Tense Structure Example Focus

Present Perfect Subject + has/have + past She has written a Focus on the subject's
(Active Voice) participle (verb) letter. action.
Present Perfect Object + has/have + been A letter has been Focus on the result of the
(Passive Voice) + past participle (verb) written by her. action.
Present Perfect Subject + has/have + She has been writing Focus on the duration of
Continuous (Active) been + verb (-ing) a letter. the action.
A letter has been Focus on the ongoing
Present Perfect Object + has/have + been
being written by process (rarely used in
Continuous (Passive) + being + past participle
her.* English).

* The present perfect continuous in passive voice is rarely used because it sounds awkward in
English and is often avoided.

Let me know if you'd like more clarification!