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Wave Unit Practice Questions Study

Wave Unit Practice Questions

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Terms in this set (53)

A string is firmly attached at both ends. A)

When a frequency of 60 Hz is applied, the
string vibrates in the standing wave pattern The given diagram is the 3rd harmonic at 60 Hz. That means the fundamental is 20Hz.
shown. Assume the tension in the string and The other
its mass per unit length do not change. possible standing waves should be multiples of 20
Which of the following frequencies could
NOT also produce a standing wave pattern
in the string?

A) 30 Hz
B) 40 Hz
C) 80 Hz
D) 180 Hz

If the frequency of the sound wave is A)

doubled, the wavelength:
Frequency and wavelength are inverses
A) Halves and the speed remains
unchanged
B) Doubles and the speed remains
unchanged
C) Halves and the speed halves
D) Doubles and the speed doubles

The standing wave pattern diagrammed to D)

the right is produced in a string fixed at
both ends. The speed of waves in the string From diagram, wavelength = 0.5 m
is 2 m/s. What is the frequency of the
standing wave pattern? Find frequency with v = f λ

A) 0.25 Hz
B) 1 Hz
C) 2 Hz
D) 4 Hz
Two wave pulses approach each other as B)
Wave
seen in the Unit Practice
figure. The Questions
wave pulses overlap
at point P. Which diagram best represents After waves interfere they move along as if they never met
the appearance of the wave pulses as they
leave point P? The figure includes a box
traveling from the left to the right and an
upside down triangle traveling from the
right to the left with point P in the middle.

A) Box traveling to the left and triangle

traveling to the right
B) Triangle traveling to left and box
traveling to the right
C) Cone traveling to the right
D) Cone traveling to the left

If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s the C)

length of the organ pipe, open at both
ends, that can resonate at the fundamental For an open-open pipe the harmonic frequency is given by. L
frequency of 136 Hz, would be: nv f n 2 with n=1

A) 0.40 m
B) 0.80 m
C) 1.25 m
D) 2.5 m

B)
As sound travels from steel into the air
both its speed and its:
When sound travels into less dense medium, its speed decreases (unlike light) ...
however, like
A) Wavelength increase
all waves when traveling between two mediums, the frequency remains constant.
B) Wavelength decrease
Based on
C) Frequency increase
v = f λ, if the speed decreases and the frequency is constant then the λ must
D) Frequency remain unchanged
decrease also.

A pipe that is closed at one end and open D)

at the other resonates at the fundamental
frequency of 240 Hz. The next Open-closed pipes only have odd multiple of harmonic, so next is 3x(f1)
lowest/highest frequency it resonates at is
most nearly:

A) 80 Hz
B) 120 Hz
C) 480 Hz
D) 720 Hz

Assume that waves are propagating in a A)

uniform medium. If the frequency of the
wave source doubles then: For a given medium, speed is constant. Doubling the frequency halves the
wavelength
A) The wavelength of the wave halves
B) The wavelength of the wave doubles
C) The speed of the wave halves
D) The speed of the wave doubles
Assume the speed of sound is 340 m/s. B)
Wave
One stereoUnit Practice
loudspeaker Questions
produces a sound
with a wavelength of 0.68 meters while the Determine each separate frequency using the speed of sound as 340 and v = f λ.
other speaker produces sound with a Then subtract
wavelength of 0.65 m. What would be the the two frequencies to get the beat frequency
resulting beat frequency?

A) 3 Hz
B) 23 Hz
C) 511.5 Hz
D) 11,333 Hz

The diagram shows two transverse pulses C)

moving along a string. One pulse is moving
to the right and the second is moving to Step the two pulses through each other a little bit at a time and use superposition to
the left. Both pulses reach point x at the see how the
same instant. What would be the resulting amplitudes add. At first the amplitude jumps up rapidly, then the amplitude moves
motion of point x as the two pulses pass down as the
each other? rightmost negative pulse continues to propagate. At the very end of their passing the
amplitude
A) down, up, down would be all the wave down and then once they pass the point will jump back up to
B) up then down equilibrium
C) up, down, up
D) There would be no motion, the pulses
cancel one another

Multiple Correct: The diagrams above B, C)

represent 5 different standing sound waves
set up inside of a set of organ pipes 1 meter Wavelengths of each are (dist/cycle) ... 4L, 4/3 L, 4/5 L, L, 2/3 L ...
long. Which of the following statements Frequencies are f = v/ λ.
correctly relates the frequencies of the v/4L, 3v/4L, 5v/4L, v/L, 3v/2L ... Oy is 2x Cy
organ pipes shown? Select two answers:

A) Cy is twice the frequency of Cx

B) Cz is five times the frequency of Cx
C) Oy is twice the frequency of Ox
D) Ox is twice the frequency of Cx

The graph below was produced by a D)

microphone in front of a tuning fork. It
shows the voltage produced by the f = cycles/second
microphone as a function of time.

The frequency of the tuning fork is

approximately:

A) 0.004s
B) 0.020s
C) 50 Hz
D) 250 Hz
The graph below was produced by a B)
Wave Unit
microphone Practice
in front Questions
of a tuning fork. It
shows the voltage produced by the To use v = f λ, you also need the λ
microphone as a function of time.

In order to calculate the speed of sound

from the graph, you would also need to
know

A) Pitch
B) Wavelength
C) Frequency
D) Volume

C)

A tube is open at both ends with the air To produce pipe harmonics, the ends are always antinodes. The first (fundamental)
oscillating in the fourth harmonic. How harmonic is
many displacements nodes are located when there are two antinodes on the end and one node in-between. To move to
within the tube? each next
harmonic, add another node in the middle and fill in the necessary antinodes. (ex,
A) 2 2nd harmonic
B) 3 is ANANA ... So the 4th harmonic would be ANANANANA and have four nodes.
C) 4 Alternative
D) 5 solution ... if you know what the harmonics look like you can draw them and manually
count the
nodes

A person vibrates the end of a string A)

sending transverse waves down the string.
if the person then doubles the rate at which Since the medium stays the same the speed remains constant. Based on v = f λ, for
he vibrates the string while maintaining the constant
same tension, the speed of the waves: speed, f and λ change as inverses.

A) Is unchanged while the wavelength is

halved
B) Is unchanged while the wavelength is
doubled
C) Doubles while the wavelength doubled
D) Doubles while wavelength is halved

A tube of length L1 is open at both ends. D)

The second tube of length L2 is closed at
one end and open at the other end. This We should look at the harmonic shapes open-open vs open-closed. L1 L2
second tube resonates at the same Comparing the fundamental harmonic of the open-open pipe to the
fundamental frequency as the first tube. closed-open pipe. The closed-open pipe should be half as long as the
What is the value of L2? open-open pipe in order to fit the proper number of wavelengths of the
same waveform to produce the given harmonic in each.
A) 4L1
B) 2L1
C) L1
D)1/2 L1
For a standing wave mode on a string fixed D)
at Wave Unit
both ends, Practice
adjacent antinodesQuestions
are
separated by a distance of 20 cm. Waves Two antinodes by definition will be ½ λ apart. So 20 cm = ½ λ, and the λ = 40 cm.
travel on this string at a speed of 1200 cm/s. Then using
At what frequency is the string vibrated to v = f λ we have 1200 = f (40)
produce this standing wave?

A) 120 Hz
B) 60 Hz
C) 40 Hz
D) 30 Hz

C)

What would be the wavelength of the

This is similar to question 26, except now the length of the tube remains constant and
fundamental and first two overtones
the wave is
produced by an organ pipe of length L that
changing within the tube to make each successive waveform (this would be like
is closed at one end and open at the
using different
other?
tuning forks each time for the same tube). The diagrams would look like this now:
531
A) L, 1/2L, 1/4L
Each λ is given by λ = dist / cycle
B) 1/2L, 1/4L, 1/6L
So
C) 4L, 4/3L, 4/5L
λ1 = 4L
D) 4L, 2L, L
λ3 = 4/3 L
λ5 = 4/5 L

A small vibrating object S moves across the B)

surface of a ripple tank producing the
wavefronts as shown above. The Doppler effect. The waves at right are compressed because the object is moving
wavefronts move with speed v. The object right. However,
is traveling in what direction and with what the waves are moving faster than the object since they are out in front of where the
speed relative to the speed of the object is.
wavefronts produced?

DIRECTION SPEED
A) To the right Equal to v
B) To the right Less than v
C) To the left Less than v
D) To the left Greater than v

A vibrating tuning fork sends sound waves A)

into the air surrounding it. During the time
in which the tuning fork makes one The time to make 1 cycle, is also the time it takes one wave to travel one wavelength
complete vibration, the emitted wave
travels:

A) One wavelength
B) About 340 meters
C) A distance directly proportional to the
square root of the air density
D) A distance inversely proportional to the
square root of the pressure
Two wave pulses, each of wavelength B)
Wave
omega, areUnit Practice
traveling Questions
toward each other
along a rope as shown. When both pulses Superpose the two waves on top of each other to get the answer
are in the region between points X and Y
which are a distance omega apart, the
shape of the rope is:

A) Bump to right
B) Straight Line
C) Sinusoidal
D) Bump to bottom right

A standing wave of frequency 5 Hz is set D)

up on a string 2 meters long with nodes at
both ends and in the center, as shown Based on the diagram, the wavelength is clearly 2 meters and plug into v = f λ.
above. There are two antinodes and three
nodes.

The speed at which waves propagate on

the string is:

A) 0.4 m/s
B) 2.5 m/s
C) 5 m/s
D) 10 m/s

A standing wave of frequency 5 Hz is set B)

up on a string 2 meters long with nodes at
both ends and in the center, as shown The diagram shows the second harmonic in the string. Since harmonics are multiples,
above. There are two antinodes and three the first
nodes. harmonic would be half of this.

The fundamental frequency of vibration of

the string is:

A) 1 Hz
B) 2.5 Hz
C) 5 Hz
D) 10 Hz

Multiple correct: In the Doppler Effect for B, C)

sound waves, factors that affect the
frequency that the observer hears include A fact about the Doppler effect. Can also be seen from the Doppler equation (which
which of the following? Select two answers: is not
required).
A) The loudness of the sound
B) The speed of the source
C) The speed of the observer
D) The phase angle
The figure above shows two wave pulses A)
Wave
that Unit Practice
are approaching each other.Questions
Which of
the following best shows the shape of the Use superposition and overlap the waves to see the resultant
resultant pulse when the centers of the
pulses, points P and Q, coincide? P is one
box traveling to the right and Q is a half
box on top and half box on bottom
traveling to left.

A) Large box to left

B) Large and small box in the center
C) Large box in the center
D) Large box on top and a small box on the
bottom in the center

Multiple correct: One end of a horizontal C, D)

string is fixed to a wall. A transverse wave
pulse is generated at the other end, moves When hitting a fixed boundary, some of the wave is absorbed, some is reflected
toward the wall as shown and are reflected inverted. The
at the wall. Properties of the reflected reflected wave has less amplitude since some of the wave is absorbed, but since the
pulse include which of the following. Select string has not
two answers: changed its properties the speed of the wave should remain unchanged.

A) It has a greater speed than that of the

incident pulse
B) It has a greater amplitude than that of
the incident pulse
C) It is on the opposite side of the string
from the incident pulse
D) It has a smaller amplitude than that of
the incident pulse

A small vibrating object on the surface of a C)

ripple tank is the source of waves of
frequency 20 Hz and speed 60 cm/s. If the Clearly at point C the waves are compressed so are more frequent
source S is moving to the right as shown,
with speed 20 cm/s, at which of the labeled
points will the frequency measured by a
stationary observer be greatest?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

The frequencies of the first two overtones B)

(second and third harmonics) of a vibrating
string are f and 3f/2. What is the Harmonics are multiples of the fundamental so the fundamental must be f/2
fundamental frequency of this string?

A) f/3
B) f/2
C) f
D) 2f
 A, D)
Wave Unit Practice Questions
Based on the Doppler effect, only speed matters. The faster a vehicle is moving, the
Multiple Correct: Two fire trucks have sirens closer
that emit waves of the same frequency. As together the sound waves get compressed and the higher the frequency. Take the
the fire trucks approach a person, the case of a very
person hears a higher frequency from truck fast vehicle traveling at the speed of sound; the compressions are all right on top of
X than from truck Y. Which of the following each other.
statements about truck X can be correctly So faster speed means closer compressions and higher frequencies. Choice I must
inferred from this information? Select two be true
answers: because X is a higher frequency so must be going faster. Distance to the person
affects the
A) It is traveling faster than truck Y volume but not the pitch so choice II is wrong. III seems correct but its not. It doesn't
B) It is closer to the person than truck Y matter
C) It is speeding up and truck Y is slowing whether you are speeding up or slowing down, it only matters who is going faster.
down For example,
D) Its wavefronts are closer together than suppose truck X was going 5 mph and speeding up while truck Y was going 50 mph
truck Y and slowing
down, this is an example of choice III but would not meet the requirement that X has
a higher
frequency because only actual speed matters, not what is happening to that speed.

The figure above shows a transverse wave A)

traveling to the right at a particular instant
of time. The period of the wave is 0.2 By inspection
seconds.

What is the amplitude of the wave?

A) 4 cm
B) 5 cm
C) 8 cm
D) 10 cm

The figure above shows a transverse wave C)

traveling to the right at a particular instant
of time. The period of the wave is 0.2 By inspection, the λ is 10 cm. f = 1 / T = 5, Then use v = f λ.
seconds.

What is the speed of the wave?

A) 4 cm/s
B) 25 cm/s
C) 50 cm/s
D) 100 cm/s

Multiple correct: A standing wave pattern is A, C)

created on a guitar as a person tunes the
guitar by changing the tension in the string. Based on
Which of the following properties of the l
waves on the string will change as a result m
of adjusting only the tension in the string? F
Select two answers: v
t , the tension changes the speed. Then based on L
A) The speed of the traveling wave that nv f n 2 , this resulting
creates the pattern speed change will effect the frequency also. But since the frequency increases in
B) The wavelength of the standing wave direct
C) The frequency of the standing wave proportion to the speed, and v = f λ, the λ should remain unchanged.
D) The amplitude of the standing wave Note: equation of wave speed not required

Mechanical Wave Waves that involve the motion of a substance through which they move, the medium
 A substance that makes possible the transfer of energy from one location to another,
Wave
Medium Unit Practice Questions especially through waves; the medium as a whole does not travel

Waves of an electromagnetic field; very diverse, including visible light, radio waves,
Electromagnetic Waves
microwaves, and x-rays; require no material medium to travel through

A wave in which the particles in the medium move perpendicular to the direction in
Transverse Wave
which the wave travels

A wave in which the particles in the medium move parallel to the direction in which
Longitudinal Wave
the wave travels

Amplitude The maximum value of displacement of the particles on a wave

Wavelength The distance spanned by one cycle of motion of a given wave

A region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are closest together; the region
Compressions
of higher pressure in a longitudinal wave

The reduction of an item's density, the opposite of compression; the area of low
Rarefactions
relative pressure in a longitudinal wave

Doppler Effect The change of frequency when a source moves relative to an observer

A shock wave that is produced by an aircraft or other flying object at a speed equal
Sonic Boom to or exceeding the speed of sound and that is heard on the ground as a sound
similar to the loud clap of thunder

When two or more waves are simultaneously present at a single point in space, the
Principle of Superposition displacement of the medium at the point is the sum of the displacements due to each
individual wave

When the displacements of two waves are both positive, so the total displacement of
Constructive Interference the medium where they overlap is larger than it would be due to either of the waves
separately

Where the displacement of a medium after an interference is less than it would be

Destructive Interference
due to either of the waves traveling separately

The crests and troughs of the wave "standing in place" as the wave oscillates; the
Standing Wave
wave itself doesn't travel left or right; it is typically between two boundaries/ends

The points on a standing wave that never move, which are equally spaced half of a
Nodes
wavelength apart

Points halfway between the nodes where the particles oscillate in the medium with
maximum displacement; these points are also spaced one half of a wavelength
Antinodes
apart; the wavelength of a standing wave is twice the distance between successive
nodes or antinodes

A normal mode is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move
Mode Number sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation; helps to
quantify the number of possible waves

The most fundamental harmonic associated with a standing wave having only one
Fundamental Frequency antinode positioned between the two nodes at the end of the string; the harmonic of
the lowest wavelength and the lowest frequency

The sequence of possible frequencies and the frequencies above the fundamental
Harmonics
frequency are "higher harmonics"

When two sound waves of different frequency approach your ear, the alternating
Beats
constructive and destructive interference cause the sound to alternate soft and loud