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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Matrix

942211-2581 2240119

Matrix

[ ]
A matrix is a rectangular array of elements. The elements can be
a11 a 12 . .. . .. . a1n
symbolic expressions or/and numbers. Matrix [ A ] is denoted by
a
[ A ]= 21 a 22 . .. . .. . a2n
⋮ ⋮ Each matrix has rows and columns and this defines the size of the
am 1 am 2 . .. . .. . amn matrix. If a matrix [ A ] has m rows and n columns, the size of the
matrix is denoted by m× n .
Vector: A vector is a matrix that has only one row or one column.

Addition of matrices:
If A and B are two matrices of same order then the matrix obtained by adding the corresponding
elements of A and B respectively is called the sum of A and B and it is denoted by A+B.

 Addition of matrices is associative: If A, B, C are three matrices of same order then (A+B)
+C = A+(B+C).
 Addition of matrices is commutative: If A & B are two matrices of same order then A+B = B+A.

Existence of additive identity:

If A is any matrix of order m x n and O is the null matrix of order m x n then
A+ O = O+A = A
Here, Om x n is called an additive identity in the set of all mxn matrices with respect to addition of
matrices.

Cancellation laws hold good in case of addition of matrices:

If A, B, C are three matrices of same order then
(left cancellation law) &
(right cancellation law).

Subtraction of matrices:
If A & B are two matrices of same order then the matrix obtained by subtracting each element of B
from the corresponding elements of A is called the difference of A & B and it is denoted by A-B.

Multiplication of matrices:

If
 In the product AB, A is called pre-factor & B is called post-factor.
 If the product AB exists for two matrices A&B then the product BA may or may not exist.
For example if A is 4x2 matrix & B is 2x3 matrix then the product AB is defined while the product
BA is not defined.
 If A is any m x n matrix such that AB & BA are both defined then B is n x m matrix.

Matrix multiplication is not commutative: If AB and BA exist for any given two matrices A& B
then AB & BA may not have same order and even if they have same order then they may not be equal.

Multiplication of matrices is associative: If A, B, C are matrices of orders m x n, n x p and p x q

respectively then (AB)C = A(BC) is a matrix of order m x q

Matrix multiplication is distributive over matrix addition:

If A is a matrix of order mxn & B,C are matrices of order n x p then

The product of two matrices can be the null matrix while neither of them is the null matrix.

Types of Matrix
Row Matrix:
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If a matrix [ B ] has one row, it is called a row vector

[ B ]=[ b1 b 2 ……b n ] and n is the dimension of the
row vector

Column matrix: If a matrix [C ] has one column, it is called a column vector

[]
c1
[C ]= ⋮
⋮
cm
and m is the dimension of the vector.

Square matrix:

[ ]
If m n
25 20 3 the number of rows of a matrix is equal to the number of columns of a
[ A] [ A ] is called a square matrix. The entries
[ A ]= 5 10 15 matrix , that is, m= n , then
6 15 7 a 11 ,a22 ,...,ann are called the diagonal elements of a square matrix. Sometimes
the diagonal of the matrix is also called the principal or main of the matrix.

Diagonal matrix:

[ ]
A
3 0 0 square matrix with all non-diagonal elements equal to zero is called a diagonal
matrix, that is, only the diagonal entries of the square matrix can be non-zero, (
[ A ]= 0 2.1 0 a =0 , i≠ j
ij ). The diagonal matrix is both upper and lower triangular matrix
0 0 5
The trace of a matrix
n
tr [ A ] =∑ a ii
The trace of a n×n matrix [ A ] is the sum of the diagonal entries of [ A ] , that is, i =1
Example Find the trace of

[ ]
15 6 7 3
[ A ]= 2 −4 2 tr [ A ] =∑ a ii
Solution =(15)+(−4 )+(6 ) =17
3 2 6 i =1

Identity matrix:

[ ]
A diagonal matrix with all diagonal elements equal to 1 is called an identity matrix,
1 0 0 0 a =0 , i≠ j for all i , j a =1 for all i ).
( ij and ii
0 1 0 0
[ A ]=
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
Upper triangular matrix:

[ ]
A 10 −7 0 n×n matrix for which a ij=0 , i> j
for all i , j is called an upper
[ A ]= 0 −0.001 6 triangular matrix. That is, all the elements below the diagonal entries
are zero.
0 0 15005

Lower triangular matrix:

[ ]
a =0 , j>i
for all i , j is called a lower triangular matrix.
1 0 0 A n×n matrix for which ij
[ A ]= 0.3 1 0 That is, all the elements above the diagonal entries are zero.

0.6 2.5 1
Zero matrix:

[ ]
0 0 0
[ A ]= 0 0 0
0 0 0 a =0 for all i and j ).
A matrix whose all entries are zero is called a zero matrix, ( ij

Transpose of a matrix
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Let [ A ] be a m× n matrix. Then [ B ] is the transpose of the [ A ] if

b ji =aijj . That is,
for all i and
th th
the i row and the j column element of [ A ] is the j row and i column element of [ B ] .
th th

T
Note, [ B ] would be a n×m matrix. The transpose of [ A ] is denoted by [ A ] .

[ ]
25 5 6

[ ]
25 20 3 2 T 20 10 16
The transpose of is [ A ] =
[ A ]= 5 10 15 25 3 15 7
6 16 7 27 2 25 27
T T
 Also, note that the transpose of a transpose of a matrix is the matrix itself, that is, ( [ A ] ) =[ A ] .

 ( A+B )T =A T +BT ; ( cA )T =cAT .



Symmetric matrix
a =a ji for i=1,2,...,n and
A square matrix [ A ] with real elements where ij

[ ]
21.2 3.2 6 j=1,2,...,n is called a symmetric matrix. That is if [ A ]=[ A ]T , then
[ A ]= 3.2 21.5 8 [ A ]T is a symmetric matrix. In general s symmetric matrix of order n
6 8 9.3 contains almost n(n+1)/2 different terms

Skew-symmetric matrix
a =−a ji for i=1,...,n and
A n×n matrix is skew symmetric if ij j=1,..., n .
T
This is same as [ A ] =− [ A ] .

[ ]

0 1 2  All the diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix have to be zero.
−1 0 −5
−2 5 0
 If A and B are symmetric matrix (skew-symmetric matrix) then A+B is also symmetric matrix
(skew-symmetric matrix)
 If A and B are symmetric matrix (skew-symmetric matrix) then AB is also symmetric matrix
(skew-symmetric matrix) if AB+BA
 If A symmetric matrix then AAT and ATA ,An is also symmetric matrix

Positive integral powers of a square matrix:

If A is a square matrix then the product A A is defined as A2.
Powers of matrices

For any square matrix A and any positive integer n, the symbol denotes . Similarly
A.A2 = A3 A2A2 = A4 and so on.
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Idempotent matrix:
If A2 =A for a square matrix A of order n then A nxn is called an idempotent matrix.
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Involutary matrix:
If A2 = I for a square matrix A of order n then matrix A is called an involutary matrix.
Nilpotent matrix:
If there exists a positive integer m for a square matrix A of order n such that A m = O then the matrix
A is called a nilpotent matrix.

Orthogonal matrix:

A square matrix is said to be an orthogonal matrix if

 If A and B are orthogonal matrices then AB and BA are also orthogonal matrices.
 Determinant of orthogonal matrix is always 1

Complex matrix: If at least one of the elements of a matrix A is purely imaginary (or) complex then
the matrix A is called complex matrix.

Conjugate matrices:
If A is a given matrix then the matrix obtained from a given matrix A by replacing all the elements by
their corresponding conjugate complex numbers (no change in real number) is called conjugate of
matrix A and it is denoted by .

Properties of conjugate matrix

Transposed conjugate of a matrix:

If A is a conjugate matrix of a complex matrix A then (A)T is called transposed conjugate of A and it
is denoted by A.

Properties of Transposed conjugate matrix

Hermitian matrix:
The necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix A to be Hermitian is that . The diagonal
elements of a Hermitian matrix are purely real.

Skew-Hermitian matrix:
The necessary & sufficient condition for a matrix A to be Skew- Hermitian is that The
diagonal elements of a skew- Hermitian matrix are either zero (or) purely imaginary.

Unitary matrix:

A square matrix is said to be an unitary matrix if

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Determinant of a matrix
The determinant of a square matrix is a single unique real number corresponding to a matrix. For a

matrix[ A ] , determinant is denoted by |A| ordet ( A ) .

 If a row or a column in a n×n matrix [ A ] is zero, thendet ( A )=0 .
 If two rows ( or columns) of a determinant are identical, then the value of the determinant is zero
 Let [ A ] be a n×n matrix. If a column is proportional to another column, thendet ( A )=0 .
 If all elements of a row (a column) of a determinant are multiplied by the same number K, the
value of the new determinant is K times of the determinant of the original determinant
 The value of the determinant does not change when rows and columns are interchanged
 If any two rows (two columns) of a determinant are interchanged , the value of the determinant
is multiplied by -1
 In the determinant of a matrix if any column containing the sum or difference of 2 elements then
it can be split into the sum or difference of two determinants

Minor of an element:
If A is a square matrix of order ‘n’ then the minor of an element aij in A is the determinant of a
square matrix that remains after deleting corresponding the i row and j column of A. It is denoted by M ij

Cofactor of an element: If A = (aij) is a square matrix of order ‘n’ then the cofactor of an element aij

is denoted by Aij and defined as

Cofactor matrix:

Adjoint matrix:
If Bn x n is a cofactor matrix of matrix An x n then the adjoint matrix of An x n is denoted by adj(A) and is
defined as BT.

 If D is diagonal matrix of order ‘n’ then Adj(D) is also a diagonal matrix.

 If A is a Hermitian matrix then adj(A) is also hermitian.
 If A is a symmetric matrix then adj (A) is also symmetric.

Singular matrix:

A square matrix A of order ‘n’ is said to be singular matrix if .

 If A and B are non-singular matrices of same order then AB is non-singular matrix of same
order.

Inverse (or) reciprocal of a square matrix:

If for a non-singular matrix A of order ‘n’ there exists another non-singular matrix B of order ‘n’ such
that then B is called the inverse of A. It is denoted by A-1.
.
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Note:
If the inverse of a square matrices A exists then the matrix is called invertible matrix.

Properties of Inverses
Let A, B be two non-singular matrices of the same order and  be a scalar.
(a) .
(b) is a non-singular and .
(c) is a non-singular and .

(d) A is a non-singular and .

(e) AB is a non-singular and .

Minor of a element: miner of element in a square matrix is the determinant of a square sub matrix in
which the row and column of the particular element is to be deleted

Inner product:
The inner product of two vectors

Is denoted by
which is a scalar quantity.
 i.e Inner Product is symmetric
 the vectors X and Y are perpendicular.
 the vectors X and Y are parallel.

Length or norm of a vector:

If X is column vector order n then the positive square root of inner product of i.e is

called length of X and it is denoted by

Unit vector or normal vector:

A vector X is said to be a unit vector if || X || = 1

Orthogonal vectors:
The two column vectors X & Y are said orthogonal .

Orthogonal set:
The column vectors X1, X2,------Xn of same order are said to be orthogonal if

Orthogonal matrix:
A square matrix of order ‘n’ is said to orthogonal if its rows and columns (form orthonormal system)
are orthonormal vectors.

Rank of a Matrix
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One of the most important characteristics of a matrix is its rank. Knowledge of the rank of a matrix is
important when dealing with the uniqueness of solution of sets of linear equations and can save a lot of
tedious work.
Sub-matrix of a matrix:
If a matrix is obtained from a given matrix A of order m x n by deleting (or leaving) some rows or
columns or both in then the resulting matrix is called sub-matrix of .

B and C are sub-matrix of A

 Sub-matrix may or may not be square.
 The matrix A itself is a sub-matrix of A because it is obtained from A by leaving no rows or
columns.
 If A is square matrix of order ‘n’ then A itself is a highest order square sub matrix.

Rank of a Matrix:
If all minors of order (r+1) are zeros but there is at least one non-zero minor of order ‘r’ if exists, it is

called the rank of matrix and denoted by

Properties of Rank
I) If A is null or zero matrix the

II) If In is unit matrix or identity matrix of order n x n then

III) If A is matrix of order m x n then

Echelon form:
A matrix A of order m x n is said to be in row echelon form if
1. zero rows (if any occur) then they must be below the non-zero rows
2. the number of zeros before the first non-zero element in each row is less than the number of
such zeros in the next non zero row.

Linear combination of vectors:

If X1, X2,------Xr are V vectors of order ‘n’ and k1,k2 kr are ‘r’ scalars then the expression of the
form is also a vector and it is called linear combination of the vectors X1,
X2,------Xr
Linearly dependent vectors:
The vectors X1, X2,------Xr of same order ‘n’ are said to be linearly dependent if there exist scalars
(or numbers) k1,k2 -----kr, not all zero such where O denotes the zero
vector of order n.
Linearly independent vectors:
The vectors X1, X2,------Xr of same order n are said to be linearly independent vectors if every
relation of the type ,
 X1, X2,------Xr are linearly dependent vectors then at least one of the vectors can be expressed
as a linear combination of other vectors.
 If A is a square matrix of order n and |A| = 0then the rows and columns are linearly dependent.
 If A is a square matrix of order ‘n’ and |A| 0 then the rows and columns are linearly
independent.

System of linear equations

System of linear equations: The set (or collection or group) of linear equations in ‘n’ variables is
called system of linear equations.
Non-homogeneous system of linear equations:
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then the set of these equations can be written in matrix form as AX = B

Inconsistent system:
 If the system of equations (1) has no solution then the system (1) is said to be inconsistent
system.
Augmented matrix:
For the system AX = B
The matrix obtained by writing the elements of B as the last column in the coefficient matrix A then
the resulting matrix is called augmented matrix and it is denoted by [A:B] or [A | B]

Consistent system:
 If the system of equations has one or more solutions then system is called consistent system
of equations.
 A system will have unique solution (only one solution)when number of unknowns is equal to
number of equations and system is said to be determinate.
 A system will have Infinite solution when number of unknowns is less than number of equations
and the system is called indeterminate system

Inconsistent: the system of equations is inconsistent, if the system has no solution.

Homogeneous system of linear equations:

If the system of ‘m’ homogeneous linear equations in ‘n’ variables is given by

 For every homogeneous system [A][X] = [0], rank of A and rank of [A |0] are always same.
Therefore AX = O is always consistent and its solution exists.
 is called a trivial solution or zero solution or unique solution.
 If A is non-singular matrix in AX = 0 then AX = 0 will have only trivial solution.
 If A is singular matrix in AX = O then AX=0 will also have non-trivial solution.

Eigen values
If A is matrix of order n and  is a scalar and I is a unit vector of order n then is called
Eigen matrix or characteristic matrix
 is called characteristic polynomial
 is called characteristic equation
 The roots of a characteristics equation are called eigen values or characteristics
roots or latent roots or proper values of the matrix A
 The number of Eigen values of a square matrix A of order ‘n’ is equal to order of the matrix.
Because the characteristic equation of matrix A of order ‘n’ is an arbitrary polynomial in terms of
unknown scalar X of degree n
Spectrum of matrix A: The set of eigen values of matrix A of order ‘n’ is called spectrum of A.
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Eigen Vector:
If for a given square matrix A of order n there exists a non-zero column vector X of order n such that
AX=X for eigen value) then the non-zero column vector X is called an eigen vector or characteristic
vector or proper vector or latent vector of a matrix of order

Algebraic multiplicity (A.M) of an eigen value:

If an eigen value X of a square matrix A of order ‘n’ is repeated ‘m’ times then the number ‘m’ is
called algebraic multiplicity (A.M) of an eigen value X.
Ex: If 2, 5, 5,4,4,4 are Eigen values of matrix of order 6x6 then
A.M of  = 2 is 1 the A.M of  = 5 is 2 the A.M of  = 4 is 3

Geometric multiplicity (G.M) of an eigen value:

If the number ‘p’ is the number of linearly independent eigen vectors of matrix A of order ‘n’
corresponding to an eigen value  then ‘p’ is called geometric multiplicity of X and it is given by
p = n-r = (number of variables) -rank(A-I).
Properties of Eigen values
1) The Eigen values of a diagonal matrix, scalar matrix, unit matrix, upper or lower triangular matrix
are just its diagonal elements.
2) The sum of the eigen values of any matrix is equal to sum of the elements of its principle
diagonal

3) |det( A)| is the product of the absolute values of the eigen values of[ A ] .
4) If A, is an eigen value of a matrix A and k is a scalar then
 Am is eigen value of matrix Am
 kA is an eigen value of matrix kA.
 A+k is an eigen value of matrix
5) and have the same eigenvalues
 The eigen values of a symmetric matrix are pure real
 The eigen values of skew symmetric matrix are either purely imaginary or zeros

 Eigen values of matrix A and AT are same

Applications of Cayley-Hamilton theorem-

The important applications of Cayley-Hamilton theorem are
(i) To find higher powers of matrix A
(ii) To find the inverse of matrix A.

1) The matrix is known as

a) Diagonal matrix b) Upper triangular c) Lower Triangular d) Skew-symmetric

2) The matrix is symmetric then x is

3) A square matrix can always be expressed as a
a) Sum of symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix
b) Skew matrix
c) Sum of diagonal matrix and a symmetric matrix
d) Skew-symmetric matrix
4) Choose the correct answer
a) every diagonal matrix is an identity matrix
b) every identity matrix is a scalar matrix
c) every scalar matrix is an identity matrix
d) A square matrix whose each element is 1 identity matrix

5) If and AB=0 then B= ?

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a) b) c) d)

6) If and then ( A+B) (A-B)

a) b) c) d) None

7) If and then
a) Null matrix b) Unit matrix c) Diagonal matrix d) None

8) If A and B are two matrices such that AB= B and BA =A then

a) 2AB b) 3BA c) A+B d)

2
9) If AB = A and BA = B then B is equal to
a) A b) B c) O d) I
10) If A and B are two matrices and (A+B) (A-B)=A –B2 then 2

a) AB=BA b) A2- B2= A2+B2 c) A’B’=AB d) None

11) If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that

a) -91 b) -81 c) -97 d)82

12) If and then

a) c)
b) d)
13) Match the pair
Column I Column II
P) Singular matrix 1) Determinant is not defined
Q) Non-square matrix 2) Determinant is always one
R) Real symmetric 3) Determinant is zero
matrix
S) Orthogonal matrix 4) Eigen values are always real
5)Eigen values are not defined
a) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2 b)P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 c)P-3, Q-2, R-5, S-4 d)P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1
14) A square matrix B is skew symmetric if
a) BT= -B b) BT=B c) B-1=B d) B-1=BT
15) The Inverse of a symmetric matrix is
a) An Identity matrix b) A Null matrix c) A symmetric matrix d) A skew-symmetric
16) If A is a symmetric matrix and n € N, then An
a) Symmetric b) Skew-symmetric c) A diagonal matrix d) a unit matrix
17) If matrix A which is symmetric as well as skew - symmetric, then A is
a) An Identity matrix b) A Diagonal c) A Triangular matrix d) A Null matrix

18) The product of matrices is

a) P-1 b) Q-1 c) P-1Q-1 d) PQP-1

19) If
a) idempotent b) involutory c) nilpotent d) periodic

20) For a given 2 x 2 Matrix A, it is observed that then matrix A is

a) b) c) d)
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21) For which value of x will be matrix become singular

22) For which value of x will be matrix become singular

23) The inverse of the square matrix is

a) b) c) d)

24) Inverse of matrix is

a) b) c) d)

25) Rank of the matrix is

26) Rank of the matrix is

27) Rank of the matrix is

28) Given an orthogonal matrix

a) b) c) d)

29) Consider the system of simultaneous equation the

system has
a) Unique solution c) Infinite number of solutions
b) No solutions d) Exactly four solution

30) Consider the system of simultaneous equation

the system has
a) Unique solution c) Infinite number of solutions
b) No solutions d) Exactly four solution

31) Consider the system of simultaneous equation the

system has
a) Unique solution c) Infinite number of solutions
b) No solutions d) an inconsistency
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32) Consider the following set of linear algebraic equations

.The system has
a) A unique solution c) No solution
b) An infinite number of solutions d) Only the trivial solution
33) If the following linear system of equations has nontrivial solutions
, the value of p is
a) 1 b) 0 c)-1 d)-7
34) If a square matrix A is real and symmetric, then the eigen values
a) Are always real c) are always real and positive
b) Are always real and non-negative d)Occur in complex conjugate pairs

35) Find eigen values of

a) b) c) d)

36) The trace and determinate of a 2x2 matrix are known to be - 2 and - 35 respectively. Its eigen
values are
a) -30 and – 5 b) - 35 and – 1 c)-7 and 5 d)17.5 and 0.2

37) The eigen values of the matrix are

a) c)

b) d)

38) Eigen values of matrix are 5 and 1. What are Eigen values of S2=SS
a) 1,25 b) 6,4 c) 5,1 d) 2,10

39) Consider the matrix if the eigen values are 4 and 8, then values of x and y are
a) 4,10 b) 5,8 c) -3,9 d) -4,10

40) For smaller value of eigen value the eigen vector of is

a) b) c) d)

41) For larger value of eigen value the eigen vector of is

a) b) c) d)

42) the eigen vector of is

a) b) c) d)

43) For the matrix the eigenvalue corresponding to the eigen vector is
44) Cayley Hamilton theorem states that a square matrix satisfies its own characteristics equation.

Consider a matrix . Then A satisfies the relation

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a) b) c) d)
45) Cayley Hamilton theorem states that a square matrix satisfies its own characteristics equation.

Consider a matrix . Then A8 is

a) b) c) d)

GATE QUESTIONS

 4 1
 1 4
46) [GATE-2003] : For the matrix   the eigen values are
a) 3& -3 b) 3 & -5 c) 3 & 5 d) 5,0
47) [GATE-2003 ]: consider the system of simultaneous equation
x  2 y  z 6; 2 x  y  2 z 6; x  y  z 5 this system has
a) unique solution c)infinite no of solutions
b) no solutions d)exactly two solutions

 8 x 0
 4 0 2
 
 12 6 0 
48) [GATE-2004] for which value of x will the matrix given below becomes singular
a) 4 b)6 c)8 d)12

 1 2 3
 1 5 1
 
 3 1 1 

49) [GATE-2004] : The sum of eigen values of matrix is
a) 5 b) 7 c) 9 d) 18
50) [GATE-2005] : A is 3 x 4 real matrix and Ax=B is an inconsistent system of equations . The highest
possible rank of A is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d)4
51) [GATE-2005] : with a 1 unit change in b , what is the change in x in the solution of equations
x  y 2 1.01x  0.99 y b
a) 0 b)2units c)50units d)100units
5 0 0 0
0 5 5 0 

0 0 2 1
 
52) [GATE-2005] : which one of the eigen vector of the matrix 
0 0 3 1
1  0 1 1
  2  0  0   1
a)   b)   c)   d)  
 0  1  0  2
       
 0  0   2 1
 3 2
S  
53) [GATE-2006] : Eigen values of a matrix  2 3  are 5 & 1 . what are the eigen values of the
2
matrix S SS
a) 1 & 25 b) 6 & 4 c) 5 & 1 d) 2 & 10
 2 1
 0 2
54) [GATE-2007]: The number of linearly independent eigen vector of   is
a) 0 b)1 c)2 d)infinite
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1 2 4
3 0 6 

 1 1 p 
55) [GATE-2008] : The matrix has one eigen value to 3. The sum of the other two eigen
values is
a) P b) P-1 c) P-2 d) P-3
 1 2  1  1
 0 2  a  
56) [GATE-2008] : the eigen vectors of the matrix   are written in the form   &  b  what is
a+b
a) 0 b) ½ c) 1 d) 2
57) [GATE-2008] : for what value of a , if any , will the following system of equation in x,y,z have
asolution
2 x  3 y 4 x  y  z 4 x  2 y  z a
a) any real number b) 0 c)1 d)there is no such value
 3 / 5 4 / 5
 x 3 / 5
58) [GATE-2009] : for a matrix M=   the transpose of the matrix is equal to inverse of a
T 1
matrix M M the value of x is
a) -4/5 b) -3/5 c) 3/5 d) 4/5
 2 2
 1 3
59) [GATE-2010] : One of the eigen vectors of the matrix   is
 2  2  4 1
  1  1  1   1
a)   b)   c)   d)  
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Matrix
942211-2581 2240119

60) [GATE-2011] : consider the following system of equations

2 x1  x2  x3 0 x2  x3 0 x1  x2 0 this system has
a) unique solution c)infinite no of solution
b) no solution d)exactly two solutions
 5 3
 1 3
61) [GATE-2012] : For the matrix A=   one of the normalized eigen vectors
 1/ 2   1/ 2   3 / 10   1/ 5 
       
3 / 2   1/ 2    1/ 10   2 / 5 
a)   b)   c)   d) 

62) [GATE-2012 ] : x  2 y  z 4 2 x  2 y  2 z 5 x  y  z 1
The system of algebraic equation given below has
a) A unique solution of x=1,y=1 and z=1
b) Only two solution of x=1,y=1 and z=1 and x=2 y=1 z=0
c) Infinite number of solutions
d) No feasible solutions
63) [GATE-2014] : consider a 3 x 3 real symmetric matrix S such that two of its eigen value are a 0,b
0 with respective eigen vectors,
 x1   y1 
x  y 
 2  2
 x3  y  x y  x2 y2  x3 y3 equals
,  3  if a b then 1 1
a) a b)b c)ab d)0

 1 3 0
 2 6 4
 
  1 0 2 
64) [GATE-2014]: given that the determinant of the matrix is -12 the determinant of
 2 6 0
 4 12 8 
 
  2 0 4 
a) -96 b)-24 c)24 d)96
65) [GATE-2014] : which one of the following equation is correct for 3*3 real matrix P,Q and R
P Q  R  PQ  RP P  Q 
2
P 2  2 PQ  Q 2
a) c)
2 2 2
b) det( P  Q) det P  det Q d) ( P  Q)  P  PQ  QP  Q
  5 2
  9 6
66) [GATE-2014] : One of the eigen vectors of the matrix   is
  1   2  2  1
1  9   1  1
a)   b)   c)   d)  
4 7 8
3 1 5
67) [GATE-2015] : If any two columns of a determinant P =
9 6 2 are interchanged, which one of
the following statements regarding the value of the determinant is CORRECT?
a) Absolute value remains unchanged but sign will change
b) Both absolute value and sign will change
c) Absolute value will change but sign will not change
d) Both absolute value and sign will remain unchanged
68) [GATE-2015] : At least one eigen value of a singular matrix is
a) Positive b) Zero c) Negative d) Imaginary
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Matrix
942211-2581 2240119

 2 1
1 k
69) [GATE-2016] : The condition for which the eigen values of the matrix A =   are positive, is
k1 k  1
a) 2 b) k   2 c) k  0 d) 2

 4  3i i 
P 
70) [GATE-2016] : For a given matrix  i 4  3i  ,where i   1 , the inverse of matrix P
is-----
1  4  3i i  1  4  3i i 
a)
24   i 4  3i  c)
24  i 4  3i 
1  i 4  3i  1  4  3i i 

25  4  3i  i  
25  i 4  3i 
b) d)

 4 2
 1 3
71) [GATE-2016] : The lowest eigen value of the 2x2 matrix   is-----

 1 1 
 0
 2 2 
P  0 1 0 
 1 1 
 0 
72) [GATE-2017] : Consider the matrix  2 2 
Which one of the following statements about P is INCORRECT?
a) Determinant of P is equal to 1. c) Inverse of P is equal to its transpose.
b) P is orthogonal. d) All Eigen values of P are real numbers

2 0 1 
P  4  3 3 
 0 2  1
73) [GATE-2017] : The product of Eigen values of the matrix P is
a) -6 b) 2 c) 6 d) -2

 50 70 
A  
74) [GATE-2017] : Consider the matrix  70 80  whose eigenvectors corresponding to eigen
 70     80 
x1   x2  2  T
 and 2 are
values 1  1  50  and  70  . respectively. The value of x1 x2 is ---
75) [GATE-2017] : The determinant of a 2x2 matrix is 50. If one eigen value of the matrix is 10, the
other eigen value is

 1 2 3
 
A  0 4 5 then det A  1
 0 0 1 
76) [GATE-2018] : If is ------ (correct to two decimal places)

  4 1  1
  1  1  1
 
 7  3 1 
77) [GATE-2018] : The rank of the matrix is -----
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

1 d 9 b 1 d 25 2 3 d 41 c 49 7 57 b 65 d 73 b
7 3
2 5 10 a 1 b 26 2 3 a 42 c 50 c 58 a 66 d 74 0
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Matrix
942211-2581 2240119

8 4
3 a 11 b 1 c 27 1 3 d 43 6 51 c 59 a 67 a 75 5
9 5
4 b 12 b 2 d 28 c 3 c 44 c 52 a 60 c 68 b 76 0.25
0 6
5 d 13 a 2 4 29 b 3 b 45 a 53 a 61 b 69 a 77 b
1 7
6 a 14 a 2 4 30 a 3 a 46 c 54 b 62 c 70 a 78
2 8
7 a 15 c 2 a 31 a 3 d 47 b 55 c 63 d 71 2 79
3 9
8 c 16 a 2 b 32 c 4 a 48 a 56 b 64 a 72 d 80
4 0